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HUBS192 > Lecture 20 GI system > Flashcards

Lecture 20 GI system Flashcards

1
Q

whats the Primary function of the GI system?

A

Bring nutrients into the internal environment so that they can be used

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2
Q

The Gastrointestinal System Specialized for function: what are the 4?

A
  1. Motility
  2. Secretion
  3. Digestion
  4. Absorption
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3
Q

what are the Key Structures in the Gastrointestinal System?

A
  • Long tube with outgrowths
  • Lined by epithelium (interface with outside world)

Major organs and accessory organs

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4
Q

what are the major organs of digestive tract?

A 
oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
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5
Q

what are the accessory organs of digestive system?

A 
teeth
tongue
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
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6
Q

what type of epithelium is found in Mouth/Oral Cavity and Esophagus? and why?

A

Stratified Squamous

Protection from abrasion

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7
Q

what type of epithelium is found in the Stomach, Small Intestine and Large Intestine? and why?

A

Simple Columnar

Secretion and absorption

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8
Q

what type of epithelium is found in the Anal canal? and why?

A

Stratified Squamous

Protection from abrasion

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9
Q

what are Unicellular Glands?

A

Goblet cells:

  • Columnar
  • Goblet shape
  • Apical mucous granules
  • Basal nucleus
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10
Q

what are goblet cells?

A

Unicellular Glands

  • Columnar
  • Goblet shape
  • Apical mucous granules
  • Basal nucleus

in between columnar epithelium of the small intestine

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11
Q

what are Multicellular Glands?

A

simple and compound

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12
Q

Epithelium can invaginate to form glands: what are the 2?

A

simple and compound

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13
Q

whats a simple gland?

A

single duct (e.g. stomach and small intestine)

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14
Q

whats a compound gland?

A

2 or more ducts (e.g. salivary glands)

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15
Q

what are The Four Layers of the Gut Tube?

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis (externa/proper)
  4. Adventitia
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16
Q

what does the mucosa consists of?

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Lamina propria (FCT)
  3. Muscularis Mucosae
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17
Q

what does the submucosa contains?

A
  1. Glands
  2. Blood vessels
  • Connective tissue
  • Glands
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18
Q

whats the submucosal nerve

plexus?

A

regulates secretion

part of enteric nervous system (ENS)

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19
Q

what does the muscularis (externa/proper) consists of?

A
  • Smooth muscle
  • Inner circular
  • Outer longitudinal
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20
Q

what are the 2 main layers of muscularis (externa / proper)?

A

Inner circular

Outer longitudinal

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21
Q

whats the Myenteric plexus?

A
  • Part of ENS
  • In between smooth muscle layers of muscularis
  • Regulates motility
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22
Q

whats the adventitia?

A

outermost layer of the gut tube

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23
Q

Adventitia

When organs are in the peritoneal cavity what is there?

A

additional outer covering, the serosa (not one of the four layers)

24
Q

what are the Four layers of the gut tube (from innermost to outermost)?

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Adventitia
25
Q

what does the adventitia consist of?

A

FCT

26
Q

what are the four basic layers of the GI tract beginning with the most luminal layer?

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia

27
Q

whats the Peritoneum?

A
  • Serous membrane
  • Parietal (lines body)
  • Visceral (lines organ)
  • Fluid filled space
28
Q

what layers consist of the peritoneum?

A
  • Parietal layer: lines the body wall

* Visceral layer: lines the organs

29
Q

whats between the parietal and visceral layer of the peritoneum?

A

fluid filled space

30
Q

whats retroperitoneal?

A

posterior to peritoneum

31
Q

whats the Mesentery?

A

Double layer of visceral peritoneum

Connects organ to body wall

32
Q

whats the omenta?

A

Double layer of visceral peritoneum

connects organ to another organ

33
Q

what epithelium found in oral cavity and mouth?

A

stratified squamous protect against abrasion

34
Q

what occurs in Mouth and Oral Cavity?

A

Food ingested:
where digestion begins (needs enzymes)
lubrication

35
Q

where does the ingested food go in mouth and oral cavity?

A

Through fauces, into oropharynx, then into esophagus

36
Q

what are the salivary glands 3 pairs that are connected to the oral cavity via ducts?

A
  • Parotid - Serous fluid with amylase
  • Sublingual – Mucous only
  • Submandibular – Mixed
37
Q

whats the parotid duct?

A

Close to ear

Serous fluid with amylase (enzyme) for carb digestion

38
Q

whats the sublingual duct?

A

Mucous only

Under tongue

39
Q

whats the submandibular duct?

A

Mixed (mucous and serous fluid with amylase)

Under mandible

40
Q

whats the Total volume of salivary secretions?

A

1L per day

41
Q

what are salivary glands?

A

Epithelial layer invaginates to form compound secretory glands

acinus
acinar cells (secrete amylase)
duct cells (secrete bicarbonate)
42
Q

what are acinus?

A

cells in clusters

43
Q

what do acinar cells secrete?

A

amylase enzyme

44
Q

what do duct cells secrete?

A

bicarbonate for buffering

45
Q

whats the esophagus?

A 
Long tube (~25cm)
Basic tube modified to pass food
46
Q

wheres the esophagus located?

A

posterior to the Trachea, extends from pharynx to stomach

47
Q

what does the epiglottis ensure?

A

food enters the esophagus, and not the trachea

48
Q

what does the esophagus consist of?

A

submucosa and mucosa (highly folded, able to expand)
Mucosa
Muscularis externa
glands with ducts on surface

49
Q

what epithelium makes up the esophagus mucosa?

A

stratified squamous

50
Q

what does the esophagus muscularis externa do?

A

move food bolus

51
Q

what kind of muscle makes up the esophagus?

A

Changes as you go down:
• First 1/3: skeletal muscle
• Middle 1/3: a mixture
• Last 1/3: smooth muscle

52
Q

the esophagus Need mucous for lubrication and protection but it has no goblet cells. what does it have instead?

A

glands with ducts to surface

53
Q

What type of epithelium lines the esophagus?

A

stratified squamous

54
Q

Give one reason this epithelium is used in the esophagus.

A

protection from abrasion

55
Q

You need mucous to coat the lining of the esophagus. Where in the esophagus could this be made, and how would it be moved to the surface of the epithelium?

A

submucosal glands - connected to lumen via ducts

HUBS192 (36 decks)

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