Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HUBS192 > Lecture 20 GI system > Flashcards

Lecture 20 GI system Flashcards

1
Q

whats the Primary function of the GI system?

A

Bring nutrients into the internal environment so that they can be used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The Gastrointestinal System Specialized for function: what are the 4?

A
  1. Motility
  2. Secretion
  3. Digestion
  4. Absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the Key Structures in the Gastrointestinal System?

A
  • Long tube with outgrowths
  • Lined by epithelium (interface with outside world)

Major organs and accessory organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the major organs of digestive tract?

A 
oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the accessory organs of digestive system?

A 
teeth
tongue
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what type of epithelium is found in Mouth/Oral Cavity and Esophagus? and why?

A

Stratified Squamous

Protection from abrasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what type of epithelium is found in the Stomach, Small Intestine and Large Intestine? and why?

A

Simple Columnar

Secretion and absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what type of epithelium is found in the Anal canal? and why?

A

Stratified Squamous

Protection from abrasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are Unicellular Glands?

A

Goblet cells:

  • Columnar
  • Goblet shape
  • Apical mucous granules
  • Basal nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are goblet cells?

A

Unicellular Glands

  • Columnar
  • Goblet shape
  • Apical mucous granules
  • Basal nucleus

in between columnar epithelium of the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are Multicellular Glands?

A

simple and compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epithelium can invaginate to form glands: what are the 2?

A

simple and compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

whats a simple gland?

A

single duct (e.g. stomach and small intestine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

whats a compound gland?

A

2 or more ducts (e.g. salivary glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are The Four Layers of the Gut Tube?

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis (externa/proper)
  4. Adventitia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the mucosa consists of?

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Lamina propria (FCT)
  3. Muscularis Mucosae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the submucosa contains?

A
  1. Glands
  2. Blood vessels
  • Connective tissue
  • Glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

whats the submucosal nerve

plexus?

A

regulates secretion

part of enteric nervous system (ENS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does the muscularis (externa/proper) consists of?

A
  • Smooth muscle
  • Inner circular
  • Outer longitudinal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the 2 main layers of muscularis (externa / proper)?

A

Inner circular

Outer longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

whats the Myenteric plexus?

A
  • Part of ENS
  • In between smooth muscle layers of muscularis
  • Regulates motility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

whats the adventitia?

A

outermost layer of the gut tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Adventitia

When organs are in the peritoneal cavity what is there?

A

additional outer covering, the serosa (not one of the four layers)

24
Q

what are the Four layers of the gut tube (from innermost to outermost)?

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Adventitia
25
what does the adventitia consist of?
FCT
26
what are the four basic layers of the GI tract beginning with the most luminal layer?
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia
27
whats the Peritoneum?
- Serous membrane - Parietal (lines body) - Visceral (lines organ) - Fluid filled space
28
what layers consist of the peritoneum?
* Parietal layer: lines the body wall | * Visceral layer: lines the organs
29
whats between the parietal and visceral layer of the peritoneum?
fluid filled space
30
whats retroperitoneal?
posterior to peritoneum
31
whats the Mesentery?
Double layer of visceral peritoneum Connects organ to body wall
32
whats the omenta?
Double layer of visceral peritoneum connects organ to another organ
33
what epithelium found in oral cavity and mouth?
stratified squamous protect against abrasion
34
what occurs in Mouth and Oral Cavity?
Food ingested: where digestion begins (needs enzymes) lubrication
35
where does the ingested food go in mouth and oral cavity?
Through fauces, into oropharynx, then into esophagus
36
what are the salivary glands 3 pairs that are connected to the oral cavity via ducts?
* Parotid - Serous fluid with amylase * Sublingual – Mucous only * Submandibular – Mixed
37
whats the parotid duct?
Close to ear Serous fluid with amylase (enzyme) for carb digestion
38
whats the sublingual duct?
Mucous only Under tongue
39
whats the submandibular duct?
Mixed (mucous and serous fluid with amylase) Under mandible
40
whats the Total volume of salivary secretions?
1L per day
41
what are salivary glands?
Epithelial layer invaginates to form compound secretory glands ``` acinus acinar cells (secrete amylase) duct cells (secrete bicarbonate) ```
42
what are acinus?
cells in clusters
43
what do acinar cells secrete?
amylase enzyme
44
what do duct cells secrete?
bicarbonate for buffering
45
whats the esophagus?
``` Long tube (~25cm) Basic tube modified to pass food ```
46
wheres the esophagus located?
posterior to the Trachea, extends from pharynx to stomach
47
what does the epiglottis ensure?
food enters the esophagus, and not the trachea
48
what does the esophagus consist of?
submucosa and mucosa (highly folded, able to expand) Mucosa Muscularis externa glands with ducts on surface
49
what epithelium makes up the esophagus mucosa?
stratified squamous
50
what does the esophagus muscularis externa do?
move food bolus
51
what kind of muscle makes up the esophagus?
Changes as you go down: • First 1/3: skeletal muscle • Middle 1/3: a mixture • Last 1/3: smooth muscle
52
the esophagus Need mucous for lubrication and protection but it has no goblet cells. what does it have instead?
glands with ducts to surface
53
What type of epithelium lines the esophagus?
stratified squamous
54
Give one reason this epithelium is used in the esophagus.
protection from abrasion
55
You need mucous to coat the lining of the esophagus. Where in the esophagus could this be made, and how would it be moved to the surface of the epithelium?
submucosal glands - connected to lumen via ducts

HUBS192 (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions