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HUBS192 > Lecture 36 Female reproductive system > Flashcards

Lecture 36 Female reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

whats are the functions of the Female reproductive system?

A
  • To produce oocytes (female gamete)
  • Transport ova and spermatozoa to the appropriate site for fertilization
  • Provides a site for the developing embryo and fetus to grow – protection, nourishment
  • Delivery of fetus
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2
Q

whats the Female Perineum?

A

Region inferior to the pelvic floor and between upper region of the thighs

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3
Q

whats the 2 parts the Female Perineum divided into?

A
  • Urogenital triangle: External genitalia = vulva.

* Anal triangle: anus

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4
Q

whats the Urogenital triangle?

A 
urethra
vulva (external genitalia)
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5
Q

Whats the vulva also known as?

A

Pudendum

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6
Q

Whats the different regions of the vulva?

A

Mons pubis

Labia (2 major and minor)

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7
Q

whats the Mons pubis?

A
  • Pubic mountain
  • Layer of adipose tissue that lies in front (over) the pubic symphysis
  • Where pubic hair grows
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8
Q

what are the 2 sets of the labia?

A
  • major (labia majora) - larger and more lateral

* minor (labia minora) - smaller and more medial

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9
Q

whats the major (labia majora)?

A

larger and more lateral

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10
Q

whats the minor (labia minora)?

A

smaller and more medial

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11
Q

within the labia minora theres an area of tissue called the what?

A

Vestibule

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12
Q

what does the Vestibule surround?

A

urethra and vagina

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13
Q

where are vestibular glands and what is its function?

A

lubricate the vaginal orifice.

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14
Q

where does the Labia minora spreads around?

A

vagina and urethral (meatus) openings

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15
Q

whats the 2 vestibular glands?

A

Lesser vestibular glands

Greater vestibular glands

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16
Q

whats the vestibule?

A

space between labia minora and is associated with vagina

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17
Q

wheres the vestibular glands?

A

Deep to the labia

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18
Q

where does the Labia minora spread around?

A

vagina and the urethral (meatus) openings

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19
Q

whats Lesser vestibular glands?

A

Open more anteriorly within vestibule

Function to lubricate the vestibule and keep it moist

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20
Q

whats Greater vestibular glands role?

A

during arousal, provide lubrication of vestibule and vagina (inferior part) during arousal

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21
Q

wheres Greater vestibular glands located?

A

under the labia minora

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22
Q

whats clitoris?

A

Complex erectile organ

Developmentally homologous to the penis

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23
Q

what are the clitoris erectile tissues?

A

Glans,
body,
2 crura (1 on each side of glans),
2 bulbs (Plura) of vestibule

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24
Q

Greater vestibular glands help

A

Lubricate vagina and vestibule during arousal

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25
Q

does the urethra pass through clitoris?

A

no

Urethra has separate opening

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26
Q

Whats the 2 regions the perineum is divided into?

A

Urogenital triangle

Anal triangle

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27
Q

Which triangle contains the female external genitalia?

A

Urogenital

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28
Q

What is the female external genitalia known as?

A

Vulva

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29
Q

What does the vulva incorporate?

A 
Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia minora
Vestibule 
Vestibular glands
Clitoris
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30
Q

What are the structures of the internal female reproductive tract?

A 
–Ovary
–Uterine tubes
–Uterus
–Cervix
–Vagina
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31
Q

whats ovary?

A

Female gonad

Where oocytes produced

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32
Q

At time of ovulation an oocyte will be released into the ______ and will be gathered up by the _____ at the end of the _______ and gather into the _____ tube

A

pelvic cavity
fimbriae
infundibulum
uterine

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33
Q

whats Most lateral portion of the uterine tube?

A

Infundibulum (funnel shaped) with fimbriae (fingerlike projections) at end

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34
Q

whats Greatest length of the uterine tube?

A

Ampulla (usual site for fertilisation)

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35
Q

From ampulla into region called the

A

isthmus

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36
Q

Isthmus opens up into

A

Lumen of uterus

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37
Q

Uterus incorporates 2 main parts what are they?

A

Body of uterus (also includes fundas)

Cervix

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38
Q

whats Uterus function?

A

Allows transport of sperm up to the site of fertilisation (ampulla)

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39
Q

what actions occurs in the endometrium of the uterus?

A

implantation, foetus development, placenta forms - gas exchange, nutrition between foetus and mother

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40
Q

whats cervix?

A

Regulates sperm transport of menstrual cycle

Protrudes into the top of vagina

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41
Q

Whats the gap between the wall of the vagina and wall of cervix called?

A

Fornix

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42
Q

whats the vagina part of?

A

birth canal

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43
Q

Posterior view of female

pathway

A

Ovary (produce oocytes)
Uterine tube (infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus)
Uterus body with fundus (lined by endometrium)
Cervix
Fornix
Vagina

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44
Q

Part of the uterine tube that has fimbriae

A

Infundibulum

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45
Q

Part of the uterine tube that is the longest

A

Ampulla

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46
Q

Part of the uterine tube that leads into the uterus

A

Isthmus

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47
Q

Body of the uterus there is a domed like structure called the

A

Fundus of uterus lined by endometrium

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48
Q

Cervix protrudes into the top of the

A

Vagina

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49
Q

what happens During process of ovulation?

A

Fimbriae of infundibulum will cover ovary and try get the ovulated oocyte into the uterine tube

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50
Q

Oocyte travel up to the

A

Ampulla

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51
Q

Ampulla

A

Common site of fertilisation

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52
Q

Down from ampulla in region will go into the uterine lumen known as

A

Isthmus

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53
Q

Isthmus

A

Narrow passage

Allows sperm to travel up or fertilized oocyte (known as blastocyst) down into the uterine lumen

54
Q

the Uterus is lined by endometrium which allows

A

Remodelling
Implantation
Developing embryo
Formation of placenta (gas exchange, nutrients)
Has muscular tube that has to push and contract to allow birth to occur

55
Q

The gap between walls of cervix and vagina

A

Fornix

56
Q

What are the layers that make up the wall of the uterus?

from outer to inner

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

57
Q

whats Perimetrium?

A

Outer layer wall of uterus

Connective tissue

58
Q

whats Myometrium?

A

Middle layer wall of uterus

Thick smooth muscle

59
Q

whats Endometrium?

A

Inner layer / mucosa wall of uterus
columnar epithelium,
uterine glands
arteries

60
Q

what layer of the uterus wall grows and sheds during menstrual cycle?

A

Endometrium breaks down and bleeds.

61
Q

whats the 2 regions of the endometrium?

A 
Functional layer (functionalis)
Basal layer (stratum basalis) - Next to myometrium
62
Q

what does Functionalis endothelium do?

A

Remodelling
Growth
Maturation
Breaks down and bleeds during female menstruation

63
Q

Cervix is part of the

A

uterus

64
Q

Lumen of uterus is separated from the vagina via

A

Cervical canal

65
Q

Whats at the interior part of the cervical canal?

A

Opening is known as internal os

66
Q

The opening into the vagina of the cervical canal is known as

A

External os

67
Q

what provides passage between uterine cavity and vagina?

A

Cervical canal

68
Q

what does the cervix consist of?

A
  • External os
  • Cervical canal
  • Internal os
69
Q

what does the cervix do?

A
  • Produces cervical mucus

* Regulates sperm transport

70
Q

what does the cervical mucus do?

A

protect uterus against infection and regulates sperm transport into uterus

71
Q

what is the consistency of the cervical mucous during ovulation?

A

thin and watery to allow movement of the sperm through the cervix

72
Q

what is the consistency of the cervical mucous after ovulation?

A

Thicker and more viscous
More inhibitory for movement of sperm
Better at protection for any infection travelling up the uterus

73
Q

At top of vagina is the

A

Cervix with the external os

And the gap known as the fornix

74
Q

Vagina extends from

A

Top of the cervix down to perineum where it opens out into the vestibule of the vulva

75
Q

what are the 2 functions of the vagina?

A

Copulatory organ

Part of the birth canal

76
Q

what is the vagina?

A

• Fibromuscular, distensible female copulatory organ

77
Q

where does the vagina lie and extend from?

A
  • Lies between the urinary bladder & rectum

* Extends from the perineum to the cervix

78
Q

where does the blood supply for the female reproductive tract comes from?

A

direct branches off the abdominal aorta and internal iliac arteries (often anastomose/connect)

79
Q

what supplies blood to ovary?

A

Ovarian artery that arise from the abdominal aorta

80
Q

what supplies blood to uterus?

A

Uterine artery (spiral arteries) that arise from the common internal iliac arteries

81
Q

what supplies blood to vagina?

A

Vagina artery that arise from the common internal iliac arteries and uterine artery

82
Q

straight arteries feed into what layer of the endometrium?

A

basal layer of the endometrium

83
Q

Spiral arterioles feed into what layer of the endometrium?

A

functional layer

main source of bleeding during menstruation

84
Q

What are the three regions that make up the uterine tubes?

A

Infundibulum
Ampulla
isthmus

85
Q

Where does fertilization occurs?

A

Ampulla of uterine tube

86
Q

What are the three layers in the uterus?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

87
Q

What does the The uterus consists of?

A

Body (with fundus)

Cervix.

88
Q

What is a fibromuscular copulatory organ that also functions as part of the birth canal?

A

Vagina

89
Q

whats Ovary (female gonad) 2 functions?

A

Produce female gametes oocytes (site of oogenesis)

Produce hormones - estradiol, progesterone, inhibin

90
Q

whats the structure of ovary?

A 
Outer cortex (follicles) where you find oocytes
Inner medulla where you find CT, blood /lymphatics and nerves
91
Q

whats follicles?

A

outer cortex in ovary

where oocytes develop

92
Q

what are the stages of Ovary follicles?

A 
Primordial follicles
Primary ovarian follicle
Secondary ovarian follicle
Tertiary ovarian follicle
Ruptured follicle
93
Q

what does ruptured follicle do?

A

Ovulates out a mature oocyte

Oocyte released into pelvic cavity

Fimbriae close by to take up oocyte into the uterine tube and head for fertilisation

94
Q

When the follicle ruptures the follicle begins to

A

Differentiate and change and forms corpus luteum

95
Q

what does the Corpus luteum do?

A

Main source of progesterone during menstrual cycle

96
Q

what happens At the end of menstrual cycle and there is no pregnancy?

A

corpus luteum will involute and breakdown and form a small tissue known as corpus albicans

97
Q

Ligaments function of the Female Reproductive System

A

Hold uterus in appropriate place within pelvic cavity

98
Q

what creates other ligaments of the Female Reproductive System?

A

Peritoneum folds and presses over structures

99
Q

what are the ligaments of the Female Reproductive System?

A
  • Broad ligament
  • Ovarian ligament
  • Suspensory ligament
  • Round ligament
100
Q

where does ovarian ligament attach?

A

lateral surface of the ovary and lateral surface of the uterus more posteriorly

101
Q

where does Suspensory ligament attach?

A

Lateral surface of ovary (one closest to the body wall), tucks in under uterine tube and then out towards the pelvic side wall

102
Q

ovarian artery/veins supply to the ovary from via

A

The suspensory ligament

103
Q

Ovarian artery branch from the abdominal aorta travels in via

A

The suspensory ligament into and around the ovary and reproductive tissues

104
Q

where does the round ligament extend?

A

adjacent to uterine tube and heads down via the inguinal canal down to the labia majora

anterior

105
Q

whats broad ligament?

A

2 folds/sheets adjacent to each other of the peritoneum where joins together

goes over part of the ovary as it goes up over the the uterine tubes and the uterus

106
Q

what are the 3 regions of the broad ligament?

A

Mesometrium (of the womb/uterus)
Mesosalpinx (uterine tube)
Mesovarium

107
Q

does the broad ligament cover the ovary completely? and why?

A

No

when ovulation occurs the oocytes are ovulated out into the pelvic cavity

means the infundibulum opens out into the pelvic cavity, not covered with peritoneum

108
Q

what does the Sheet of peritoneum cover?

A

Fundus and body of uterus
Uterine tube
Ovary

109
Q

wheres the peritoneum of Mesometrium?

A

Adjacent to uterus

110
Q

wheres the peritoneum of Mesovarium?

A

folded over the ovary

111
Q

wheres the peritoneum of Mesosalpinx ?

A

over the uterine tube, 2 folds together

112
Q

whats the vesicouterine pouch?

A

Continuous fold of broad ligament (visceral peritoneum) over anteriorly located bladder

113
Q

whats the rectouterine pouch?

A

Continuous fold of broad ligament (visceral

peritoneum) over posteriorly located rectum

114
Q

what do pouches (rectouterine and vesicouterine) provide?

A

Space for developing embryo/foetus to grow and then take place in the abdominal cavity

115
Q

whats the function of Breasts (mammary glands)?

A

nourish infants.

116
Q

where do mammary glands lie?

A

on pectoralis major muscles.

117
Q

what hormones stimulate the growth of breast tissue?

A

Estradiol and progesterone

118
Q

Breasts (mammary glands)

A

adipose
estradiol and progesterone
pectoralis major muscle

119
Q

mammary glands made up of

A

lobes

  • > lobules
  • > alveoli
  • > lactiferous ducts
  • > lactiferous sinuses (that open at nipple pores)
120
Q

what ligaments support the mammary gland?

A

Suspensory ligaments thats then attached to pectoralis muscle

121
Q

whats Alveoli responsible for?

A

Production and secretion of the milk

122
Q

wheres Milk transported through?

A

Lactiferous ducts then into lactiferous sinuses

123
Q

what do lactiferous sinuses serve as?

A

a reservoir for milk

124
Q

What is the female gonad and is the source of female gametes (oocytes) and hormones?

A

Ovary

125
Q

Oocytes are found within follicles, which are found where in the ovary?

A

Cortex

126
Q

Female reproductive structures are held in place by a complicated network of ligaments that:

A

Anchor and support
Have vasculature and nerves running through them
Form anatomical boundaries (i.e. pouches)

127
Q

Ovaries posterior and lateral

A

To the uterus

128
Q

To the uterus

A

Bladder

129
Q

Name the layers of the uterine wall from outermost to innermost. Which layer is shed during menstruation?

A

Perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

The endometrium is shed during menstruation

130
Q

Which artery associated with the female reproductive tract branches directly off the abdominal aorta? Which ligament does this artery run through?

A

Ovarian artery

Runs through the suspensory ligament

131
Q

Name the fingerlike projections on the infundibulum. What is their purpose?

A

Fimbriae

Help guide the oocyte to the opening of the uterine tube

HUBS192 (36 decks)

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