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HUBS192 > Lecture 25 GI Physio Secretion > Flashcards

Lecture 25 GI Physio Secretion Flashcards

1
Q

what are the Major EXOCRINE secretions?

A

Enzymes
Mucus
Electrolyte (serous) solution

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2
Q

whats the Functions of exocrine secretion?

A

Digest food
Dilute food
Optimal pH
Protection and lubrication

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3
Q

exocrine secretions

whats the volume of saliva, stomach, pancreas, liver, and SI? (from least to most)

A

Liver = 0.5 L / day
Pancreas, Saliva, SI = 1.5 L/day
Stomach = 3L/day

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4
Q

~8L/day + oral intake

A

RE- absorption important

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5
Q

production of saliva

whats the 3 pairs of salivary glands?

A

Parotid gland
sublingual gland
submandibular gland

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6
Q

whats the volume and rate of saliva?

A

1.5 L day-1

Rate

  • Basal 0.3 ml/min
  • Stimulated - 1.5 ml/min
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7
Q

whats the composition of saliva?

A

Mucus (lubrication)
Dilution solution of NaHCO3 / NaCl
Enzymes (a-amylase, lipase)

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8
Q

why do you have Dilution solution of NaHCO3 / NaCl in saliva?

A

dilution

optimal pH

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9
Q

what enzymes in saliva?

A

a-amylase

lipase

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10
Q

whats the functions of saliva?

A

Not essential
Lubrication
Hygiene
Digestion

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11
Q

why do you need lubrication from saliva?

A

chewing

swallowin

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12
Q

why do you need hygiene from saliva?

A

irrigation

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13
Q

whats digestion from saliva?

A

dissolves food allows tasting

a-amylase

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14
Q

how do you regulate of salivary secretion?

A

Nervous

Autonomic nervous system

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15
Q

what does the Nervous do for regulation of salivary secretion?

A

Thought, smell, sight of food

Presence of food in mouth, chewing

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16
Q

what does the Autonomic nervous system do for regulation of salivary secretions?

A

Parasympathetic
- Acetylcholine - copious volumes

Sympathetic
- Adrenaline - small volume of viscous fluid

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17
Q

regulation of salivary secretions

Autonomic nervous system
Parasympathetic

A

Acetylcholine -

copious volumes

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18
Q

regulation of salivary secretions

Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic

A

Adrenaline -

small volume of viscous fluid

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19
Q

whats the volume of gastric secretions?

A

2 - 3 L per day

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20
Q

whats the volume rate of gastric secretions?

  • Between meals
  • Eating / food in stomach
A
  • Slow rate (15-30 mls/hr)

- Superimposed on basal rate (150 mls/hr)

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21
Q

whats the composition of gastric secretions between meals?

A

mainly mucus

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22
Q

whats the composition of gastric secretions while eating / food in stomach?

A 
NaCl / H2O
Acid 150 mM HCl, pH 1.0
Mucus
HCO3
Pepsinogen
Intrinsic factor
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23
Q

for gastric secretions

whats the function of mucus?

A

Protection against Abrasion and Acid

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24
Q

for gastric secretions

whats the function of intrinsic factor?

A

Absorption of Vitamin B12 in small intestine

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25
Q

for gastric secretions

whats the function of pepsin?

A

Secreted as pepsinogen

Converted to active form pepsin by acid

Starts digestion of proteins

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26
Q

for gastric secretions

whats the function of Gastric acid?

A 
Denatures protein
Activates pepsinogen to pepsin
Optimum pH for pepsin
Protection
Dilutes food
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27
Q

what do surface cells secrete?

A

mucus / HCO3

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28
Q

what do chief cells in the gland secrete?

A

pepsinogen

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29
Q

what do parietal cells in the gland secrete?

A

acid

intrinsic factor

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30
Q

regulation of gastric secretion

whats it coordinated with?

A

eating and arrival of food

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31
Q

regulation of gastric secretion

what are the 3 phases?

A

cephalic
gastric
intestinal

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32
Q

whats the cephalic phase?

A

head controls secretion

~20% of secretion associated with meal

preparation

stimuli

  • Higher centres (though, smell, sight)
  • chewing action / taste
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33
Q

whats the cephalic phase respond systems?

A

parasympathetic NS

modifies activity of ENS - stimulates motility and secretion

34
Q

cephalic phase diagram

A

sight and of food, and stimulation of taste and smell receptors ⟶ cerebral cortex ⟶ hypothalamus and medulla oblongata ⟶ vagus nerve

35
Q

whats the cephalic phase stimuli?

A
  • Higher centres (though, smell, sight)

- chewing action / taste

36
Q

whats the gastric phase?

A

stomach controls secretion
~70% of secretion associated with a meal

ensures sufficient secretion to handle the ingested food

37
Q

whats the gastric phase stimuli?

A

stretch / distension

products of digestion

38
Q

what does the gastric phase responds to?

A

local reflex - ENS

external reflex - para NS

39
Q

what does the local reflex (ENS) and external reflex (para NS) of the gastric phase stimulate?

A

motility and secretion

40
Q

whats the intestinal phase?

A

intestine regulates secretion
~10% of secretion associated with the meal

controls delivery to SI (-‘ve feedback)

41
Q

whats the intestinal phase stimuli?

A

distention of duodenum

arrival in duodenum of: Acid and products of digestion

42
Q

what does the intestinal phase respond to?

A

Hormones - GIP, CCK and secretin

Nerves - enterogastric reflex

43
Q

what does Hormones - GIP, CCK and secretin, and Nerves - enterogastric reflex of the intestinal phase do?

A

Inhibit motility and secretion

44
Q

what phase inhibits motility and secretion?

A

Intestinal phase

45
Q

what phase stimulates motility and secretion?

A

cephalic - modifies activity of ENS

Gastric - ENS (local reflex) and para NS (ext reflex)

46
Q

what phase has the most secretion associated with a meal?

A 
gastric = 70
cephalic = 20
intestinal = 10
47
Q

whats the volume of pancreatic secretions?

A

1-1.5 L/day

48
Q

whats the composition of pancreatic secretions?

A

enzymes = acinar cells

Alkaline fluid (HCO3) = made by ducts

49
Q

what do acinar cells do?

A

act on all classes of food

50
Q

what are some acinar cells enzymes?

for:
Lipolytic
Amylytic
Proteolytic
Nucleolytic
A 
lipo = lipase, phospholipase
amy = amylase
proteolytic = trypsin, chymo, carboxypeptidase
nucleolytic = ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease
51
Q

whats the function of acinar cells?

A

Chemically digest food material

Pancreas most important source of digestive enzymes

52
Q

what is enzyme (of acinar cells) secretion stimulated by?

A

CHOLECYSTOKININ

CCK

53
Q

what are proteolytic secreted as?

A

inactive precursor

54
Q

proteolytic secreted inactive precursor

whats it for
Trypsin
Chymotrypin
Carboxypeptidase

A

Trypsinogen
chymotrypsinogen
procarboxypeptidase

55
Q

what does trypsin do in SI?

A

activates other enzymes

56
Q

in SI

how is trypsinogen converted to trypsin?

A

by enterokinase (enteropetidase) bound to the duodenal membrane

57
Q

whats Alkaline fluid (HCO3) - ducts?

A

Neutralises chyme (acidic – from stomach)

Creates optimum pH (6.7 – 9) for pancreatic and intestinal enzymes.

made by duct cells
stimulates secretin

58
Q

whats secretin?

A

stimulates HCO3 secretion

59
Q

what produces isosmotic HCO3 rich solution?

A

duct cells

60
Q

Regulation of pancreatic secretion
Slow basal rate during fasting.

what type of regulation occurs during a meal?

61
Q

Regulation of pancreatic secretion.

what hormones are secreted for Hormonal regulation during meal?

A

CCK (Cholecystokinin)

Secretin

62
Q

whats CCK (Cholecystokinin)?

A

Produced by duodenal endocrine cells in response to digestive products in lumen
- amino acids, fats, carbohydrates

Stimulates enzyme secretion by acinar cells

63
Q

wheres CCK produced?

A

by duodenal endocrine cells in response to digestive products in lumen
- amino acids, fats, carbohydrates

64
Q

what does CCK do?

A

Stimulates enzyme secretion by acinar cells

65
Q

whats Secretin?

A

Produced by duodenal endocrine cells in response to increased [H+] in lumen

Stimulates HCO3 secretion by duct cells

66
Q

wheres secretin produced?

A

by duodenal endocrine cells in response to increased [H+] in lumen

67
Q

what does secretin do>

A

Stimulates HCO3 secretion by duct cells

68
Q

whats the volume of biliary secretion?

A

0.5 L/day

produced in liver

69
Q

what are the Products associated with digestion in liver / biliary secretion?

A

Bile salts & lecithin

HCO3 rich fluid - secreted by duct cells

70
Q

what are the Excretory products in liver / biliary secretion?

A

Bile pigments - waste products

Cholesterol - excreted by liver

71
Q

whats the function of bile?

A

Bile salts and lecithin
- Fat digestion and absorption

HCO3 rich fluid
- Neutralizes acid chyme

Bile pigments
- Excretion

72
Q

whats the function of Bile salts and lecithin?

A

Fat digestion and absorption

73
Q

whats the function of HCO3 rich fluid?

A

Neutralizes acid chyme

74
Q

whats the function of Bile pigments?

75
Q

where is bile delivered and what control is it under?

A

to duodenum when food is present.

Hormonal control

76
Q

delivery of bile is under hormonal control. what hormone and how?

A

CCK (cholecystokinin)

products of digestion in duodenum

contraction of gall bladder
Relaxation of duodenal papilla (sphincter of Oddi)

77
Q

what is the volume of the SI secretion?

78
Q

what does the SI secrete and why?

A

Mucus
- Lubrication

NaHCO3 solution (+ NaCl)

  • Neutralise acid
  • Dilute food
79
Q

what does the LI secrete and why>

A

Mucus

- lubrication

80
Q

GI secretion

what are the Major EXOCRINE secretions?

A

Enzymes
Mucus
Electrolyte (serous) solution

81
Q

GI secretion

whats the Functions of exocrine secretion?

A

Digest food
Dilute food
Optimal pH
Protection and lubrication

HUBS192 (36 decks)

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