Lecture 30 Ureter, bladder, urethra

Question 1

whats Transitional epithelium?

Answer 1

• Stratified, rounded cells
• Flatten when stretched
• For protection

Question 2

where do ureters arise from each?

Answer 2

renal pelvis at each hilum

Question 3

whats ureters?

Answer 3

Slender tubes that carry urine from kidneys to bladder

Question 4

where do ureters descend?

Answer 4

retroperitoneally through abdomen, vertically from hila

Question 5

in the ureters what moves urine to bladder?

Answer 5

Peristaltic waves

Question 6

whats the 3 layers of ureters?

Answer 6

– Transitional epithelium
– Muscularis 
– Adventitia
– Folded protective protein
plaques on inner surface

Question 7

what does the muscularis consist of in ureters?

Answer 7

inner longitudinal, outer circular

Question 8

what does the Adventitia consist of in ureters?

Answer 8

outer covering of fibrous connective tissue

Question 9

where do the ureters run?

Answer 9

obliquely through the wall of bladder at its posterolateral corners

Question 10

Ureters run obliquely through the wall of bladder at its posterolateral corners. what does it act as?

Answer 10

sphincter/valve: compressed by increased bladder pressure to prevent backflow

Question 11

whats the urinary bladder?

Answer 11

Collapsible muscular sac

Stores and expels urine

Question 12

what happens when the urinary bladder is empty?

Answer 12

the bladder collapses along folds (rugae)

Question 13

what happens when the urinary bladder is full?

Answer 13

the bladder expands without great increase in pressure (~500ml)

Question 14

what do ureters do?

Answer 14

-carry urine from kidneys to bladder

Question 15

what do rugae do?

Answer 15

-Folds that allow bladder to expand

Question 16

what does the urethra do?

Answer 16

-carries urine out of bladder

Question 17

what do the bladder wall have?

Answer 17

-contains muscle for expulsion of urine

Question 18

what is the trigone?

Answer 18

-triangular region between 2 openings of entry of ureters and 1 opening for urethra

Question 19

when the bladder is empty?

Answer 19

bladder is Pyramidal

Lies within the pelvis

Question 20

As the bladder fills

Answer 20

Becomes more spherical
Expands superiorly into abdominal cavity
Can be palpated above pubic symphysis

Question 21

where is the male bladder?

Answer 21

– Anterior to rectum

– Superior to prostate gland (wraps around urethra)

Question 22

where is the female bladder?

Answer 22

– Anterior to vagina and uterus

Question 23

what does the urinary bladder wall consist of?

Answer 23

Folded into rugae for expansion
Muscosa of transitional epithelium
Detrusor (thick smooth muscle)

Question 24

whats the detrusor?

Answer 24

thick smooth muscle
Longitudinal, circular and oblique fibres
Contractions to expel urine from bladder into urethra during urination

Question 25

Name three structures that protect the urinary tract.

Answer 25

Transitional epithelium, protein plaques, entrance to bladder to prevent backflow

Question 26

Name the muscle that forms the wall of the bladder. What orientations of muscle fibres are present here?

Answer 26

Detrusor muscle, circular longitudinal oblique fibres

Question 27

whats the urethra?

Answer 27

* Thin walled muscular tube * Drains urine from the bladder out of the body * has mucus glands

Question 28

what epithelium makes up the urethra? the epithelium changes so whats it near bladder middle near external opening

Answer 28

Transitional = near bladder Columnar = middle Stratified squamous = near external opening

Question 29

why does the urethra have mucus glands?

Answer 29

to protect epithelium from urine

Question 30

Describe the female Urethra

Answer 30

– shorter (~5cm) | – separate from reproductive system

Question 31

describe the male urethra

Answer 31

– longer (~25cm) – part of reproductive system – initial section surrounded by prostate gland (produces seminal fluid) – 3 sections: prostatic, membranous, spongy/penile

Question 32

whats the 3 sections of the male urethra?

Answer 32

prostatic, membranous, spongy/penile

Question 33

what surrounds the initial section of the male urethra?

Answer 33

by prostate gland (produces seminal fluid)

Question 34

whats the 2 urethral sphincter?

Answer 34

Internal urethral/urinary sphincter | External urethral/urinary sphincter

Question 35

whats the Internal urethral/urinary sphincter?

Answer 35

Junction of bladder and urethra Detrusor muscle Involuntary control

Question 36

whats the External urethral/urinary sphincter?

Answer 36

Located where urethra passes through the urogenital diaphragm Skeletal muscle Voluntary control

Question 37

Urination | what happens when Bladder fills with urine and expands?

Answer 37

AP from stretch receptors to brain Urgency increases as signals increase Internal sphincter relaxes Conscious relaxation of external sphincter

Question 38

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the bladder? A. Detrusor muscle forms the bladder wall B. It is lined with transitional epithelium C. It is a collapsible sac which stores and expels urine D. The trigone is a triangular area between the openings of the ureter and two urethras E. When empty, the bladder collapses along folds called rugae

Answer 38

The trigone is a triangular area between the openings of the ureter and two urethras

Question 39

What motility pattern moves urine down the ureter? How does the muscle in the ureter differ from the GI tract?

Answer 39

Peristalsis. | opposite to GI tract: inner longitudinal, outer circular

Question 40

Name three places in the urinary tract you would find transitional epithelium.

Answer 40

Ureters, Urinary bladder, initial part of urethra