Lecture 30 Ureter, bladder, urethra Flashcards

1
Q

whats Transitional epithelium?

A
  • Stratified, rounded cells
  • Flatten when stretched
  • For protection
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2
Q

where do ureters arise from each?

A

renal pelvis at each hilum

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3
Q

whats ureters?

A

Slender tubes that carry urine from kidneys to bladder

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4
Q

where do ureters descend?

A

retroperitoneally through abdomen, vertically from hila

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5
Q

in the ureters what moves urine to bladder?

A

Peristaltic waves

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6
Q

whats the 3 layers of ureters?

A
– Transitional epithelium
– Muscularis 
– Adventitia
– Folded protective protein
plaques on inner surface
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7
Q

what does the muscularis consist of in ureters?

A

inner longitudinal, outer circular

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8
Q

what does the Adventitia consist of in ureters?

A

outer covering of fibrous connective tissue

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9
Q

where do the ureters run?

A

obliquely through the wall of bladder at its posterolateral corners

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10
Q

Ureters run obliquely through the wall of bladder at its posterolateral corners. what does it act as?

A

sphincter/valve: compressed by increased bladder pressure to prevent backflow

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11
Q

whats the urinary bladder?

A

Collapsible muscular sac

Stores and expels urine

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12
Q

what happens when the urinary bladder is empty?

A

the bladder collapses along folds (rugae)

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13
Q

what happens when the urinary bladder is full?

A

the bladder expands without great increase in pressure (~500ml)

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14
Q

what do ureters do?

A

-carry urine from kidneys to bladder

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15
Q

what do rugae do?

A

-Folds that allow bladder to expand

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16
Q

what does the urethra do?

A

-carries urine out of bladder

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17
Q

what do the bladder wall have?

A

-contains muscle for expulsion of urine

18
Q

what is the trigone?

A

-triangular region between 2 openings of entry of ureters and 1 opening for urethra

19
Q

when the bladder is empty?

A

bladder is Pyramidal

Lies within the pelvis

20
Q

As the bladder fills

A

Becomes more spherical
Expands superiorly into abdominal cavity
Can be palpated above pubic symphysis

21
Q

where is the male bladder?

A

– Anterior to rectum

– Superior to prostate gland (wraps around urethra)

22
Q

where is the female bladder?

A

– Anterior to vagina and uterus

23
Q

what does the urinary bladder wall consist of?

A

Folded into rugae for expansion
Muscosa of transitional epithelium
Detrusor (thick smooth muscle)

24
Q

whats the detrusor?

A

thick smooth muscle
Longitudinal, circular and oblique fibres
Contractions to expel urine from bladder into urethra during urination

25
Q

Name three structures that protect the urinary tract.

A

Transitional epithelium, protein plaques, entrance to bladder to prevent backflow

26
Q

Name the muscle that forms the wall of the bladder. What orientations of muscle fibres are present here?

A

Detrusor muscle, circular longitudinal oblique fibres

27
Q

whats the urethra?

A
  • Thin walled muscular tube
  • Drains urine from the bladder out of the body
  • has mucus glands
28
Q

what epithelium makes up the urethra?

the epithelium changes so whats it
near bladder
middle
near external opening

A

Transitional = near bladder
Columnar = middle
Stratified squamous = near external opening

29
Q

why does the urethra have mucus glands?

A

to protect epithelium from urine

30
Q

Describe the female Urethra

A

– shorter (~5cm)

– separate from reproductive system

31
Q

describe the male urethra

A

– longer (~25cm)
– part of reproductive system
– initial section surrounded by prostate gland (produces seminal fluid)
– 3 sections: prostatic, membranous, spongy/penile

32
Q

whats the 3 sections of the male urethra?

A

prostatic,
membranous,
spongy/penile

33
Q

what surrounds the initial section of the male urethra?

A

by prostate gland (produces seminal fluid)

34
Q

whats the 2 urethral sphincter?

A

Internal urethral/urinary sphincter

External urethral/urinary sphincter

35
Q

whats the Internal urethral/urinary sphincter?

A

Junction of bladder and urethra
Detrusor muscle
Involuntary control

36
Q

whats the External urethral/urinary sphincter?

A

Located where urethra passes through the urogenital diaphragm
Skeletal muscle
Voluntary control

37
Q

Urination

what happens when Bladder fills with urine and expands?

A

AP from stretch receptors to brain
Urgency increases as signals increase
Internal sphincter relaxes
Conscious relaxation of external sphincter

38
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the bladder?
A. Detrusor muscle forms the bladder wall
B. It is lined with transitional epithelium
C. It is a collapsible sac which stores and expels urine
D. The trigone is a triangular area between the openings of the ureter and two urethras
E. When empty, the bladder collapses along folds called rugae

A

The trigone is a triangular area between the openings of the ureter and two urethras

39
Q

What motility pattern moves urine down the ureter? How does the muscle in the ureter differ from the GI tract?

A

Peristalsis.

opposite to GI tract: inner longitudinal, outer circular

40
Q

Name three places in the urinary tract you would find transitional epithelium.

A

Ureters, Urinary bladder, initial part of urethra