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HUBS192 > Lecture 24 GI physio Motility > Flashcards

Lecture 24 GI physio Motility Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 processes of GI tract?

A

Motility
Secretion
Digestion
Absorption

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2
Q

what are the functions of motility in GI tract?

A

Movement at controlled rate
Mechanical digestion
Mixing - food / secretions / enzymes
exposure to absorptive surfaces (contact)

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3
Q

what does the Movement at controlled rate include?

A

propulsion

storage

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4
Q

what does Mechanical digestion include?

A

ingestion / physical breakdown

increases SA

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5
Q

what kind of muscle is in the Mouth?
what kind of muscle is in the esophagus?
what kind of muscle is in the Anus?

A 
Mouth = skeletal
esophagus = both 
anus = skeletal
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6
Q

what are the muscle layers for the basis of GI motility?

A

Muscularis mucosae
Circular muscle
Longitudinal muscle - shortening
Motility programmes

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7
Q

what does the Muscularis mucosae do?

A

SA

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8
Q

what does the Circular muscle do?

A

reduce diameter

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9
Q

what does the longitudinal muscle do?

A

shortening

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10
Q

What does GI smooth muscle is spontaneously active mean?

A

Contracts without external input

Basic electrical rhythm (BER) or slow wave
GI smooth muscle activity controlled / co-ordinated
Modulation (i.e. influenced by):

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11
Q

whats Basic electrical rhythm (BER) or slow wave?

A

Spontaneous variations in membrane potential (pacemakers)

Produce action potentials

Result in contractions (if / when get to threshold)

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12
Q

what is the GI smooth muscle activity controlled / co-ordinated by?

A

ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ENS)
Controls strength of contractions
Co-ordinates motility patterns

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13
Q

what does the ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ENS) do?

A

controls GI smooth muscle activity.

coordinates GI smooth muscle to generate motility patterns.

Controls strength of contractions
Co-ordinates motility patterns

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14
Q

what is GI smooth muscle Modulation (i.e. influenced by):?

A

External inputs – CNS e.g. vagus nerve
Hormones
Local factors e.g. stretch

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15
Q

GI

what different motility patterns can occur generated by ENS?

A

Peristalsis

Segmentation

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16
Q

ENS determines type of motility that occurs, hows it modified?

A

by stretch / nerves /hormones / local feedback loops (e.g. enterogastric reflex)

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17
Q

what are the 2 types of motility patterns?

A

Fasting

Fed

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18
Q

whats the Fasting motility pattern in GI tract?

A

Migrating motor complex (MMC)

Co-ordinated – stomach -> small intestine -> large intestine

4 - 5 hours after a meal
Repeated every ≈ 2 hours

3 periods

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19
Q

whats the 3 periods of Fasting motility pattern in GI tract?

A

Inactivity
Intermittent activity
Intense activity

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20
Q

whats the function of Fasting motility pattern in GI tract?

A

House keeping

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21
Q

whats the Feeding motility patterns in GI tract?

A

storage
peristalsis
segmentation

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22
Q

for Feeding motility patterns in GI tract, whats storage?

A

Mainly stomach

Relaxation of smooth muscle (distension)

23
Q

for Feeding motility patterns in GI tract, whats peristalsis?

A

Esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine

Propulsive

24
Q

for Feeding motility patterns in GI tract, whats segmentation?

A

Small and large intestine

Mixing & exposure to absorptive surfaces

25
Q

whats peristalsis?

A

Propulsion (+/- mixing)
Oesophagus, Stomach, SI, LI
Proximal squeeze, distal relax

26
Q

whats segmentation?

A

Mixing
SI and LI
Contract/relax circular muscle
-> mix + contact

27
Q

what are some specific motility patterns?

A

chewing and swallowing
gastric motility
intestinal motility

28
Q

whats the function of motility in the mouth chewing?

A

Reduce size of food
Mixing with saliva
Taste

29
Q

for Motility in the mouth - Chewing, hows it controlled?

A 
Voluntary - skeletal muscle
Reflex control of:
- Strength
- Frequency
- Occlusion
- Side of chewing
30
Q

swallowing (deglutition)

whats the function?

A

rapid transfer of material from mouth to stomach

31
Q

swallowing (deglutition)

hows it controlled?

A

start voluntarily
proceeds involuntary (reflex)
co-ordination of multiple muscles
need to protect airway

32
Q

swallowing (deglutition)

hows it done in esophagus?

A

peristalsis (+/- gravity)

sphincters

33
Q

Gastric motility

whats fasting?

A

Shrinks to small volume

Migrating motor complex

34
Q

Gastric motility
Eating - delivery of food

what Series of motility patterns occur associated with?

A

Storage
Mixing
Mechanical digestion
Controlled delivery to intestine

35
Q

Gastric motility

storage in the proximal stomach

A

receptive relaxation

relaxation of proximal gastric smooth muscle

36
Q

Gastric motility
storage in the proximal stomach

whats receptive relaxation?

A

increase in stomach volume without increase in pressure

initiated by swallowing - nervous reflex

37
Q

Gastric motility
storage in the proximal stomach

whats relaxation of proximal gastric smooth muscle?

A

reduced thickness - highly distensible

38
Q

Gastric motility

Peristalsis

A

peristaltic waves
first 60 min gentle activity
60 - 300 min more intense activity

39
Q

Gastric motility
Peristalsis

whats peristaltic waves?

A

initiated on greater curvature
~ 3 /min
spreads to antrum

40
Q

Gastric motility
Peristalsis

what causes 60 - 300 min more intense activity?

A

presence of products of digestion (amino acids)
gastrin production
stimulates contraction

41
Q

gastric motility

whats the roles of peristalsis in the stomach?

A

propulsion

combined with pyloric sphincter
retropulsion
mixing and mechanical digestion

42
Q

gastric motility

Controlled delivery of chyme to duodenum

A

Regulation of gastric emptying through regulation of gastric motility

Composition of food modifies rate of emptying

Duodenum controls stomach

43
Q

gastric motility

Controlled delivery of chyme to duodenum

whats Composition of food modifies rate of emptying?

A

Solids slower than liquids

Fats slow gastric emptying

44
Q

gastric motility

Controlled delivery of chyme to duodenum

whats Duodenum controls stomach?

A

Hormonal
- GIP

Neural
- Enterogastric reflex

45
Q

whats overall function of SI?

A

Chemical digestion of food

Absorption of nutrients, salts and water

46
Q

for Small intestinal motility

whats the Functions of motility?

A

Mixing (chyme / chemicals / enzymes)
Exposure to absorptive surfaces -> contact
Propulsion (4-6 hours)

47
Q

for Small intestinal motility

whats the motility patterns?

A

Fasting - migrating motor complex (MMC)

Feeding
- Mainly segmentation -> contact Peristalsis

48
Q

whats the function of LI (colon) motility?

A

Temporary storage of faeces

Regulation of the salt and water content of faeces

49
Q

for LI (colon) motility

whats the motility patterns?

A

18-24 hours

Inactivity
Segmentation
- Mixing and slow propulsion

Mass movements

  • 3 - 4 time per day
  • Force faeces into rectum

Defaecation

  • Reflex responses / Voluntary control
  • Brain / brain stem / spinal cord
50
Q

for LI (colon) motility

whats segmentation?

A

Mixing and slow propulsion

51
Q

for LI (colon) motility

whats Mass movements?

A

3 - 4 time per day

Force faeces into rectum

52
Q

for LI (colon) motility

whats Defaecation?

A

Reflex responses / Voluntary control

Brain / brain stem / spinal

53
Q

whats formed after colectomy

A

ileostomy

HUBS192 (36 decks)

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