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HUBS192 > Lecture 21 Stomach and Pancreas > Flashcards

Lecture 21 Stomach and Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

what is the O/Esophagus and where is it located?

A
  • Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

* Posterior to the trachea

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2
Q

what epithelium makes up the Oesophagus Mucosa and what is its function?

A
  • Stratified squamous epithelium

* Protection from abrasion

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3
Q

what does the Oesophagus Muscularis do?

A

Modified to propel food down to stomach

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4
Q

what kind of shape is the stomach?

A

J-Shaped organ

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5
Q

wheres the Stomach Location?

A

Base of esophagus

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6
Q

whats the Esophageal hiatus?

A

Esophagus passes through diaphragm

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7
Q

what does the Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) do?

A

prevents reflux

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8
Q

whats the 4 main parts of the stomach?

A
  • Cardia
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Pylorus (pyloric antrum)
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9
Q

whats the omentum?

A

a double layer of peritoneum

connects one organ to another

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10
Q

whats the Lesser omentum?

A

Stomach to liver

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11
Q

whats the Greater omentum:?

A

Stomach to transverse colon

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12
Q

what is the Muscularis modified / specialised for?

A

Motility

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13
Q

what are the 3 layers of the Muscularis of the gut tube?

A
  • Oblique (inner)
  • Circular (middle)
  • Longitudinal (outer)
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14
Q

whats Rugae?

A

Temporary folds that allow for the expansion of the stomach (1.5L)

• Important for storage function

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15
Q

Internal Surface of the Stomach

A

Rugae:

Notice folded core of submucosa with overlying mucosa

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16
Q

Modifications of the Gut Tube Gastric Glands

what epithelium makes up the mucosa?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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17
Q

whats the mucosa of gastric glands?

A
  • In-folding increases surface area for secretion (1.5L/day)

* Glands are permanent!

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18
Q

what do Gastric glands need?

A
  • Acid and enzymes for digestion
  • Mucous for protection
  • Hormones for regulation
19
Q

what are Gastric glands cells?

A

Parietal cells - secrete acid and intrinsic factor

G cells - Secrete hormones (gastrin)

Chief cells - Secrete pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of pepsin)

20
Q

what do Mucous epithelial cells secrete?

A

Secrete mucous (protection)

21
Q

whats Chief Cells?

A

Produce enzymes

Abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum

Apical zymogen granules (contain enzymes)

Basal nucleus

22
Q

whats Parietal Cells?

A

Produce acid (HCL)

Pump ions (H+)

Abundant mitochondria

Folded structure to increase SA

23
Q

whats Endocrine Control?

A
  • Endocrine cells in mucosa

* Gastrin and Ghrelin secreted into the bloodstream

24
Q

whats Neural control?

A
  • (ENS) - local reflexes (primary control)

* CNS modulates ENS function – long neural reflexes

25
Q

what does the Stomach to Small Intestine need?

A

Pyloric Sphincter (PS)

Controlled release of digested material (chyme) into the small intestine

26
Q

what do parietal cells secrete?

A

acid and intrinsic factor

27
Q

what do G cells secrete?

A

hormones (gastrin)

28
Q

what do chief cells secrete?

A

pepsinogen (inactive precursor of pepsin)

29
Q

Stomach to Small Intestine
Acidic chyme enters the SI

what does it require?

A

Further digestion (enzymes)
Protection from acidic chyme
Mucous
Bicarbonate

30
Q

Stomach to Small Intestine

what provides mucous thats needed for protection against acidic chyme?

A

glands in the submucosa of the duodenum.

31
Q

Stomach to Small Intestine

what provides enzymes and bicarbonate thats needed for protection against acidic chyme?

A

Pancreas

32
Q

wheres the pancreas located?

A
  • Head in C-shaped duodenum
  • Tail to spleen
  • Posterior to stomach
  • Duct into duodenal lumen

• Retroperitoneal

33
Q

in the pancreas, where does the Bile duct meets pancreatic duct?

A

at the entrance to the duodenal ampulla

34
Q

in the pancreas, whats the duodenal papilla?

A

projects into the duodenal lumen

35
Q

in the pancreas, what controls release?

A

hepatopancreatic sphincter (Sphincter of Oddi)

36
Q

in endocrine

what do the pancreatic islet alpha cells secrete?

what do the pancreatic islet beta cells secrete?

A 
alpha = glucagon
beta = insulin
37
Q

in exocrine

what do acinar cells secrete?

what do duct cells secrete?

A

acinar = digestive enzymes

duct = bicarbonate

38
Q

whats the structure of Pancreatic Acinar Cells?

A
  • Apical zymogen granules
  • Basal nucleus
  • Abundant rough ER
39
Q

whats the function of Pancreatic Acinar Cells?

A

Secrete enzymes

40
Q

whats the Pancreatic Acinar Cells similar to?

A
  • Chief cells of Stomach

* Salivary acinar cells

41
Q

What structures allow storage?

A

sphincters

rugae - distension (folded submucosa)

42
Q

For mechanical digestion you need?

A

smooth muscle, additional oblique layer in stomach

sphincters

43
Q

What is needed for chemical digestion?

A

secretion of strong chemicals (acids, enzymes)

protective epithelium

HUBS192 (36 decks)

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