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HUBS192 > Lecture 28 Kidney Renal / urinary > Flashcards

Lecture 28 Kidney Renal / urinary Flashcards

1
Q

whats the urinary system role?

A

balance water and chemicals

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2
Q

whats the % of water for Females and males?

A

males
- 60%

females
- 50%

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3
Q

what makes up the total body water?

A

ECF 1/3

ICF 2/3

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4
Q

How does the urinary system maintain balance?

A 
By filtering the blood and expelling: 
Excess water
Excess salts
Wastes of metabolism
Many toxins and drugs
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5
Q

In order to achieve balance how much blood must flow through the kidneys?

A

1200ml/min

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6
Q

how much urine does a typical person produce?

A

800-2000ml urine/day

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7
Q

whats urine?

A

Waste product excreted to maintain balance within the body

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8
Q

whats contained in normal urine?

A

Water
Salts
Urea
Metabolites, hormones, small proteins

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9
Q

is urine pH tightly regulated?

what influences it?

A

no
pH~4.6-8

influenced by whats excreted

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10
Q

what does abnormal urine contain?

A 
Large proteins (too big to be filtered)
RBC (too big to be filtered)

Glucose (filtered, but completely reabsorbed)

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11
Q

what does the urinary system need to be effective?

A
  • Delivery system for blood
  • Selective filtration system
  • Filtrate recovery mechanism
  • System to return recovered, filtered fluid to body
  • System to remove filtrate from body
  • Protection
  • Ability to communicate with relevant parts of the body
  • Adaptable to meet the body’s changing needs
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12
Q

whats the main components of the urinary system?

A
  • 2 kidneys
  • 2 ureters
  • Urinary bladder
  • Urethra
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13
Q

what does the structure of the kidneys allow?

A
  • Blood to be brought into close proximity with the nephron, for filtering
  • Filtered blood to leave the kidney
  • A pathway for urine to be removed from the kidney, stored and then excreted
  • Protection
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14
Q

wheres the kidney found?

A

T12-L3

11th and 12th ribs (protection)

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15
Q

the kidneys have a Medial surface that has a concave notch, whats it called?

A

hilum - where ureter leaves kidneys

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16
Q

whats the kidneys shape?

A

Convex side faces laterally
Medial surface has a concave notch (hilum)

renal blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and the ureter

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17
Q

wheres the kidney located?

A

Retroperitoneal: Located on posterior ab wall, covered on anterior side by peritoneum

Surrounded, supported and protected by fat

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18
Q

whats the major structural parts of kidney?

A

Cortex, medulla, pelvis
fibrous capsule
pyramid
lobe

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19
Q

whats the 3 regions of kidneys?

A

cortex, medulla and pelvis

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20
Q

whats the inner medulla?

A

divided into pyramids

each medullary pyramid ends in a papilla

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21
Q

whats the Outer cortex?

A

continuous layer

renal columns

22
Q

whats the protective layer of the kidney?

A

fibrous capsule

23
Q

whats the Cortex and medulla?

A

multiple functional lobes

5-11 lobes per kidney

24
Q

whats the kidney lobe?

A

One medullary pyramid
All cortex that surrounds it
and renal columns

25
whats the kidney lobe made up of?
largely of nephrons- tiny tubes that filter from blood and create urine
26
where does urine drain from?
each papilla and collects in a calyx
27
what forms a renal pelvis?
Calyces join
28
what becomes the ureter?
Pelvis narrows as it exits the hilum
29
Where does urine travel into?
papilla ⟶ minor calyx ⟶ major calyx ⟶ renal pelvis ⟶ ureter
30
Minor calyx Forms together, what does it form?
major calyx
31
Major calyx forms together, what does it form?
Renal pelvis
32
Name three structures that provide external protection for the kidneys
11th and 12th ribs Renal fat pad Fibrous capsule
33
whats a Pyelogram?
Radiograph, x ray, only shows in urine
34
How is urine produced?
by filtering waste from the blood into the nephron
35
where does Filtration occurs?
in cortex of the kidney.
36
where does the renal artery arise from and where does it enter?
from ab aorta | enters at hilum
37
what do branching arteries do until it reaches the cortex, and what happens to the blood?
gets smaller and smaller | Blood is filtered in cortex
38
Veins return filtered blood from the cortex to the ____ and then ____
renal vein | IVC
39
What happens to blood in the cortex?
afferent arteriole delivers blood from the arteries to the glomerulus. efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerulus to the peritubular capillaries
40
what does the afferent arteriole do?
delivers blood from the arteries to the glomerulus.
41
what does the efferent arteriole do?
carries blood from the glomerulus to the peritubular capillaries
42
whats the glomerulus?
made of glomerular capillaries and is where filtration occurs
43
whats the peritubular capillaries?
carry blood to the veins
44
whats the flow of blood into the cortex to be filtered?
``` Abdominal aorta ⟶ renal artery ⟶ Series of arteries ⟶ afferent arteriole ⟶ glomerular capillary ```
45
whats the flow of blood from the cortex after being filtered?
``` Glomerular capillary ⟶ efferent arteriole ⟶ peritubular capillaries ⟶ series of veins ⟶ renal vein ⟶ inferior vena cava ```
46
whats the renal plexus?
innervation from a network of autonomic nerves and ganglia
47
what do the Sympathetic nerves do?
act to adjust diameter of renal arterioles and thus regulate blood flow.
48
whats the nephron?
``` Microscopic functional unit of the kidney • Bulk of kidney made up of nephrons • Filters blood • Selectively reabsorbs or secretes • Produces urine ```
49
``` Which of the following structures does NOT pass through the hilum of the kidney? A. Renal vein B. Urethra C. Lymphatics D. Renal nerves E. Renal artery ```
B. Urethra
50
Which kidney is most inferior, and why?
Right, because of the location of the liver
51
Which kidney is most inferior, and why?
A medullary pyramid and the cortex that surrounds it

HUBS192 (36 decks)

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