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HUBS192 > Lecture 28 Kidney Renal / urinary > Flashcards

Lecture 28 Kidney Renal / urinary Flashcards

1
Q

whats the urinary system role?

A

balance water and chemicals

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2
Q

whats the % of water for Females and males?

A

males
- 60%

females
- 50%

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3
Q

what makes up the total body water?

A

ECF 1/3

ICF 2/3

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4
Q

How does the urinary system maintain balance?

A 
By filtering the blood and expelling: 
Excess water
Excess salts
Wastes of metabolism
Many toxins and drugs
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5
Q

In order to achieve balance how much blood must flow through the kidneys?

A

1200ml/min

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6
Q

how much urine does a typical person produce?

A

800-2000ml urine/day

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7
Q

whats urine?

A

Waste product excreted to maintain balance within the body

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8
Q

whats contained in normal urine?

A

Water
Salts
Urea
Metabolites, hormones, small proteins

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9
Q

is urine pH tightly regulated?

what influences it?

A

no
pH~4.6-8

influenced by whats excreted

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10
Q

what does abnormal urine contain?

A 
Large proteins (too big to be filtered)
RBC (too big to be filtered)

Glucose (filtered, but completely reabsorbed)

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11
Q

what does the urinary system need to be effective?

A
  • Delivery system for blood
  • Selective filtration system
  • Filtrate recovery mechanism
  • System to return recovered, filtered fluid to body
  • System to remove filtrate from body
  • Protection
  • Ability to communicate with relevant parts of the body
  • Adaptable to meet the body’s changing needs
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12
Q

whats the main components of the urinary system?

A
  • 2 kidneys
  • 2 ureters
  • Urinary bladder
  • Urethra
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13
Q

what does the structure of the kidneys allow?

A
  • Blood to be brought into close proximity with the nephron, for filtering
  • Filtered blood to leave the kidney
  • A pathway for urine to be removed from the kidney, stored and then excreted
  • Protection
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14
Q

wheres the kidney found?

A

T12-L3

11th and 12th ribs (protection)

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15
Q

the kidneys have a Medial surface that has a concave notch, whats it called?

A

hilum - where ureter leaves kidneys

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16
Q

whats the kidneys shape?

A

Convex side faces laterally
Medial surface has a concave notch (hilum)

renal blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and the ureter

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17
Q

wheres the kidney located?

A

Retroperitoneal: Located on posterior ab wall, covered on anterior side by peritoneum

Surrounded, supported and protected by fat

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18
Q

whats the major structural parts of kidney?

A

Cortex, medulla, pelvis
fibrous capsule
pyramid
lobe

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19
Q

whats the 3 regions of kidneys?

A

cortex, medulla and pelvis

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20
Q

whats the inner medulla?

A

divided into pyramids

each medullary pyramid ends in a papilla

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21
Q

whats the Outer cortex?

A

continuous layer

renal columns

22
Q

whats the protective layer of the kidney?

A

fibrous capsule

23
Q

whats the Cortex and medulla?

A

multiple functional lobes

5-11 lobes per kidney

24
Q

whats the kidney lobe?

A

One medullary pyramid
All cortex that surrounds it
and renal columns

25
Q

whats the kidney lobe made up of?

A

largely of nephrons- tiny tubes that filter from blood and create urine

26
Q

where does urine drain from?

A

each papilla and collects in a calyx

27
Q

what forms a renal pelvis?

A

Calyces join

28
Q

what becomes the ureter?

A

Pelvis narrows as it exits the hilum

29
Q

Where does urine travel into?

A

papilla ⟶ minor calyx ⟶ major calyx ⟶ renal pelvis ⟶ ureter

30
Q

Minor calyx Forms together, what does it form?

A

major calyx

31
Q

Major calyx forms together, what does it form?

A

Renal pelvis

32
Q

Name three structures that provide external protection for the kidneys

A

11th and 12th ribs
Renal fat pad
Fibrous capsule

33
Q

whats a Pyelogram?

A

Radiograph, x ray, only shows in urine

34
Q

How is urine produced?

A

by filtering waste from the blood into the nephron

35
Q

where does Filtration occurs?

A

in cortex of the kidney.

36
Q

where does the renal artery arise from and where does it enter?

A

from ab aorta

enters at hilum

37
Q

what do branching arteries do until it reaches the cortex, and what happens to the blood?

A

gets smaller and smaller

Blood is filtered in cortex

38
Q

Veins return filtered blood from the cortex to the ____ and then ____

A

renal vein

IVC

39
Q

What happens to blood in the cortex?

A

afferent arteriole delivers blood from the arteries to the glomerulus.

efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerulus to the peritubular capillaries

40
Q

what does the afferent arteriole do?

A

delivers blood from the arteries to the glomerulus.

41
Q

what does the efferent arteriole do?

A

carries blood from the glomerulus to the peritubular capillaries

42
Q

whats the glomerulus?

A

made of glomerular capillaries and is where filtration occurs

43
Q

whats the peritubular capillaries?

A

carry blood to the veins

44
Q

whats the flow of blood into the cortex to be filtered?

A 
Abdominal aorta
⟶ renal artery
⟶ Series of arteries
⟶ afferent arteriole
⟶ glomerular capillary
45
Q

whats the flow of blood from the cortex after being filtered?

A 
Glomerular capillary
⟶ efferent arteriole
⟶ peritubular capillaries
⟶ series of veins
⟶ renal vein
⟶ inferior vena cava
46
Q

whats the renal plexus?

A

innervation from a network of autonomic nerves and ganglia

47
Q

what do the Sympathetic nerves do?

A

act to adjust diameter of renal arterioles and thus regulate blood flow.

48
Q

whats the nephron?

A 
Microscopic functional unit of the kidney
• Bulk of kidney made up of nephrons
• Filters blood
• Selectively reabsorbs or secretes
• Produces urine
49
Q 
Which of the following structures does NOT pass through the hilum of the kidney?
A. Renal vein
B. Urethra
C. Lymphatics
D. Renal nerves
E. Renal artery
A

B. Urethra

50
Q

Which kidney is most inferior, and why?

A

Right, because of the location of the liver

51
Q

Which kidney is most inferior, and why?

A

A medullary pyramid and the cortex that surrounds it

HUBS192 (36 decks)

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