Lecture 28 Kidney Renal / urinary Flashcards
whats the urinary system role?
balance water and chemicals
whats the % of water for Females and males?
males
- 60%
females
- 50%
what makes up the total body water?
ECF 1/3
ICF 2/3
How does the urinary system maintain balance?
By filtering the blood and expelling: Excess water Excess salts Wastes of metabolism Many toxins and drugs
In order to achieve balance how much blood must flow through the kidneys?
1200ml/min
how much urine does a typical person produce?
800-2000ml urine/day
whats urine?
Waste product excreted to maintain balance within the body
whats contained in normal urine?
Water
Salts
Urea
Metabolites, hormones, small proteins
is urine pH tightly regulated?
what influences it?
no
pH~4.6-8
influenced by whats excreted
what does abnormal urine contain?
Large proteins (too big to be filtered) RBC (too big to be filtered)
Glucose (filtered, but completely reabsorbed)
what does the urinary system need to be effective?
- Delivery system for blood
- Selective filtration system
- Filtrate recovery mechanism
- System to return recovered, filtered fluid to body
- System to remove filtrate from body
- Protection
- Ability to communicate with relevant parts of the body
- Adaptable to meet the body’s changing needs
whats the main components of the urinary system?
- 2 kidneys
- 2 ureters
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra
what does the structure of the kidneys allow?
- Blood to be brought into close proximity with the nephron, for filtering
- Filtered blood to leave the kidney
- A pathway for urine to be removed from the kidney, stored and then excreted
- Protection
wheres the kidney found?
T12-L3
11th and 12th ribs (protection)
the kidneys have a Medial surface that has a concave notch, whats it called?
hilum - where ureter leaves kidneys
whats the kidneys shape?
Convex side faces laterally
Medial surface has a concave notch (hilum)
renal blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and the ureter
wheres the kidney located?
Retroperitoneal: Located on posterior ab wall, covered on anterior side by peritoneum
Surrounded, supported and protected by fat
whats the major structural parts of kidney?
Cortex, medulla, pelvis
fibrous capsule
pyramid
lobe
whats the 3 regions of kidneys?
cortex, medulla and pelvis
whats the inner medulla?
divided into pyramids
each medullary pyramid ends in a papilla
whats the Outer cortex?
continuous layer
renal columns
whats the protective layer of the kidney?
fibrous capsule
whats the Cortex and medulla?
multiple functional lobes
5-11 lobes per kidney
whats the kidney lobe?
One medullary pyramid
All cortex that surrounds it
and renal columns
whats the kidney lobe made up of?
largely of nephrons- tiny tubes that filter from blood and create urine
where does urine drain from?
each papilla and collects in a calyx
what forms a renal pelvis?
Calyces join
what becomes the ureter?
Pelvis narrows as it exits the hilum
Where does urine travel into?
papilla ⟶ minor calyx ⟶ major calyx ⟶ renal pelvis ⟶ ureter
Minor calyx Forms together, what does it form?
major calyx
Major calyx forms together, what does it form?
Renal pelvis
Name three structures that provide external protection for the kidneys
11th and 12th ribs
Renal fat pad
Fibrous capsule
whats a Pyelogram?
Radiograph, x ray, only shows in urine
How is urine produced?
by filtering waste from the blood into the nephron
where does Filtration occurs?
in cortex of the kidney.
where does the renal artery arise from and where does it enter?
from ab aorta
enters at hilum
what do branching arteries do until it reaches the cortex, and what happens to the blood?
gets smaller and smaller
Blood is filtered in cortex
Veins return filtered blood from the cortex to the ____ and then ____
renal vein
IVC
What happens to blood in the cortex?
afferent arteriole delivers blood from the arteries to the glomerulus.
efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerulus to the peritubular capillaries
what does the afferent arteriole do?
delivers blood from the arteries to the glomerulus.
what does the efferent arteriole do?
carries blood from the glomerulus to the peritubular capillaries
whats the glomerulus?
made of glomerular capillaries and is where filtration occurs
whats the peritubular capillaries?
carry blood to the veins
whats the flow of blood into the cortex to be filtered?
Abdominal aorta ⟶ renal artery ⟶ Series of arteries ⟶ afferent arteriole ⟶ glomerular capillary
whats the flow of blood from the cortex after being filtered?
Glomerular capillary ⟶ efferent arteriole ⟶ peritubular capillaries ⟶ series of veins ⟶ renal vein ⟶ inferior vena cava
whats the renal plexus?
innervation from a network of autonomic nerves and ganglia
what do the Sympathetic nerves do?
act to adjust diameter of renal arterioles and thus regulate blood flow.
whats the nephron?
Microscopic functional unit of the kidney • Bulk of kidney made up of nephrons • Filters blood • Selectively reabsorbs or secretes • Produces urine
Which of the following structures does NOT pass through the hilum of the kidney? A. Renal vein B. Urethra C. Lymphatics D. Renal nerves E. Renal artery
B. Urethra
Which kidney is most inferior, and why?
Right, because of the location of the liver
Which kidney is most inferior, and why?
A medullary pyramid and the cortex that surrounds it
