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HUBS192 > Lecture 11 - Controlling regional blood flows > Flashcards

Lecture 11 - Controlling regional blood flows Flashcards

1
Q

why do we need high constant blood pressure?

A

To direct blood where we want it to go throughout the body

To meet metabolic demand

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2
Q

Full arteries

pressure & flow

A

High pressure

Full control of flow

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3
Q

Not full arteries

pressure & flow

A

Low pressure

Lack of control of flow

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4
Q

2 key reasons why we need high arterial blood pressure

A

Drive the difference of pressure between one system to another which causes good flow throughout

High pressure in arterial system provides control to move blood where we want it to go

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5
Q

If lose the difference in pressure

A

lose the flow to extremities (brain)

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6
Q

Systemic circuit

A

Many systems in parallel

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7
Q

Distribution of cardiac output at rest

Parallel circuit (eg 5000 ml/min) at rest

(blood distribution to organs, brain, kidney, GI tract, Skeletal muscle, skin)

A

Brain receives (700ml/min)

Most blood to Kidney, GI tract, Skeletal muscle

Low in skin (less than brain)

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8
Q

Distribution of cardiac output at rest. Systemic circuit

A

Blood flow is distributed into each group

Sum of blood in = sum of blood out

Same number of blood flow in = same number of blood flow out

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9
Q

Cardiac output

A

Amount of blood the heart is pumping out into the arteries

Blood flow the systemic circuit works with

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10
Q

Cardiac output of systemic circuit .. at REST

most and least blood distribution to organs, brain, kidney, Abdominal viscera, Skeletal muscle, skin, other tissues

A

More blood to Kidneys, Abdominal viscera, Skeletal muscle

Less is looping back to the heart

750 is going to brain

A bit to the skin and other tissues

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11
Q

Cardiac output of systemic circuit…LIGHT EXERCISE blood flow compared to rest

(increase/decrease brain, kidney, Abdominal viscera, Skeletal muscle, skin, other tissues, heart)

A

Great Increase in Skeletal muscle (majority)

Increase heart

Increase skin

Decrease in kidney

Decrease in Abdominal Viscera

Decrease other tissues

Same in brain (no change)

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12
Q

Why does more blood go to Skeletal muscle when exercising?

A

meet metabolic demand

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13
Q

Why when exercising you get more blood flow to skin?

A

Thermoregulation

Burning a lot of ATP and creating a lot of heat
Internal temperature increases

To remove that heat send more blood to the skin and heat is dissipated to the air around us

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14
Q

Blood flow of systemic circuit…HEAVY EXERCISE blood flow compared to rest

(increase/decrease brain, kidney, Abdominal viscera, Skeletal muscle, skin, other tissues, heart)

A

Massive increase in Cardiac output

Great increase to skeletal muscle (majority)

Increase to heart

Increase in skin

Decrease in kidneys

Decrease in Abdominal Viscera

Decrease in other tissues

Same in brain (no change)

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15
Q

If the amount of blood has greatly increased does that mean all organs will increase

A

No demands on organs metabolic demand

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16
Q

As we exercise, to meet a more physiological demand we see

A

Increase in blood flow to skeletal muscle, heart, skin
Decrease in blood flow to GI tract, Kidneys
Constant flow to brain

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17
Q

Divergent flow of blood depends on

A

metabolic needs

18
Q

How is MAP controlled during exercise?

Systemic circulation

A

Increase CO
Decrease TPR
Constant MAP

19
Q

What is resistance involved in?

A

controlling regional blood flows

20
Q

Rest to exercise

resistance in arteries leading to skeletal muscle

A

The resistance in arteries leading to skeletal muscle decreases (want more flow to go into SM)

21
Q

what organs have decreased resistance and increased blood flow?

A

Skeletal muscle
Heart
Skin

22
Q

What organs have increased resistance and decreased blood flow?

A

Kidneys
GI tract
Intestines
Spleen

23
Q

Arterioles

A

Resistance vessels
has smooth muscle
Able to expand or contract to determine how much resistance the flow has when into the capillaries.

24
Q

Luminal radius between veins and arteries

A

Inside vessel

Different

25
Q

Circumference between veins and arteries

A

Same in both

26
Q

Large luminal radius

A

Less resistance to flow

Less pressure

27
Q

Small luminal radius

A

more resistance to flow
more pressure
Artery

28
Q

Blood flow to an organ or region is controlled by adjusting

A

arteriolar (vascular) tone and radius

29
Q

Vasodilation

A 
Vessel dilated / open
Relax smooth muscle 
Increase diameter, more flow through vessel, 
Interior space in muscle gets larger 
Small resistance
More flow
30
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Vessel smaller internal radius
Smooth muscle contracts
Big resistance
Less flow

31
Q

Why does Majority of the blood moves to the skeletal muscle during exercise?

A

Vasodilation of all arterioles leading into SM

Massively increases flow

32
Q

Why do kidneys have less blood flow?

A

Vasoconstriction of the arterioles leading in kidneys and GI tract

Reduces amount of flow to the areas

Increasing resistance

33
Q

What controls vascular resistance?

A

Mechanical (response to force) - Local

Neural (central)
Humoral (central)

34
Q

Mechanical (response to force)

A

From within vessel (blood pressure)

From outside vessel (swelling)

Local

35
Q

Increase blood pressure puts force on vessels

A

Arterioles sense that and can vasodilate

To decrease resistance out of vessel and relieve some of that pressure

36
Q

Swelling (some capillaries bleeding) puts some pressure on vessels

A

Arterioles sense that swelling

Vasoconstrict to that area
To decrease amount of flow

37
Q

Local

A

Control vascular resistance close to the arterioles

Specific arterioles affected by that mechanical change

38
Q

Central

A

Big changes throughout system

Neural
Humoral (blood)

39
Q

Neural

A

Brain Control vascular resistance by communicating with arterioles

Vascular sympathetic nerves

Tell to dilate at same time

Rapidly get signal from brain to arteriole to increase the flow by decreasing resistance into particular organs

40
Q

Humoral (blood)

A

Movement of hormones throughout system

Adrenaline (fight or flight)

Dangerous situation secrete adrenaline which binds at arterioles

Vasodilate

Arterioles leading into SM and heart

More blood into the specific organs

41
Q

why do Mechanisms allow arterioles to vasodilate or vasoconstrict leading into specific capillary beds into specific organs?

A

Always get the correct flow of blood into those organs to meet metabolic demand

HUBS192 (36 decks)

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