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Lec. 8 (behavior genetics) Flashcards

1
Q

our codes for life

A

genes

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2
Q

the basic structural unit of a living thing

A

cell

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3
Q

the inner area of a cell that houses chromosomes and genes

A

nucleus

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4
Q

threadlike structure made largely of DNA molecules

A

chromosome

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5
Q

a spiraling, complex molecule containing genes

A

DNA

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6
Q

segment of DNA containing the code for a particular protein; determines our individual biological development

A

gene

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7
Q

“most” cells in your body have a ________

A

nucleus

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8
Q

T/F: genes DIRECTLY affect behavior

A

false

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9
Q

genes code for _________

A

proteins

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10
Q

genes are a short “________” of DNA for a protein

A

recipe

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11
Q

a complex assortment of genes can ________ behavior

A

enhance

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12
Q

long-term mood

A

temperament

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13
Q

temperament can easily be detected in _______

A

babies

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14
Q

twins that share the exact same genetic structure

A

identical twins

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15
Q

twins that have different genetic material; essentially siblings with the same birthday

A

fraternal twins

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16
Q

fraternal twins share ___% of their DNA

A

50%

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17
Q

if you look at identical twins in different environments, you can study ______ vs. _______

A

nature vs. nurture (aka behavior affected by environment)

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18
Q

T/F: for fraternal twins, mother’s release 2 eggs

A

true

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19
Q

T/F: a number of studies compared identical twins reared separately from birth, or close thereafter, and found numerous similarities

A

true

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20
Q

separated twin similarities examples (4):

A
  • personality, intelligence
  • abilities, attitudes
  • interests, fears
  • brain waves, heart rate
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21
Q

similarities between separated twins implies ________ is a strong influence

A

nature

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22
Q

adoption studies show that adoptee (who may be biologically unrelated) tend to be ________ from their adoptive parents and siblings DESPITE sharing 100% of their environment.

A

different

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23
Q

nature =

A

genetics

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24
Q

nurture =

A

environment

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25
Q

“emotional excitability”

A

temperament

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26
Q

distinct temperaments are evident very early and ________ into adulthood

A

persist

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27
Q

temperament eventually turns into _______

A

personality

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28
Q

temperament is _______ (not learned)

A

GENETIC

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29
Q

is personality, similarities, and differences between children and parents NATURE or NURTURE?

A

both equally

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30
Q

genes and environment INTERACT to determine personality; genes influence behavior which affects environment which affects genes….

A

Gene-Environment Interaction

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31
Q

environments can cause ______ changes and events

A

genetics

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32
Q

environments that cause genetic changes explains the subtle differences in ______ twins

A

identical

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33
Q

gene-environment interaction ex: genes cause different physical appearances which causes ppl to ______ them differently (mr. bean vs. orlando bloom)

A

treat

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34
Q

study of how environment affects gene expression

A

epigenetics

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35
Q

gene expression refers to whether genes are turned _____/_____

36
Q

environmental factors that affect gene expression can be ________, _________, and _______

A

prenatal, postnatal, juvenile

37
Q

prenatal environmental factors that affect gene expression (4):

A
  • drugs
  • toxins
  • nutrition
  • stress
38
Q

postnatal environmental factors that affect gene expression (3):

A
  • neglect
  • abuse
  • variations in care
39
Q

juvenile environmental factors that affect gene expression (2):

A
  • social contact
  • environmental complexity
40
Q

in an experiment on Experience and Brain Development, an impoverished environment led to impoverished rat brain cells and an enriched environment led to an enriched rat brain cell, with dense, complex branching. this rat was more likely ___________ with this type of environmental effect.

41
Q

study of the evolution of behavior and mind using principles of natural selection

A

evolutionary psychology

42
Q

natural selection: organisms _________ for survival (limited resources)

43
Q

natural selection: some biological and behavioral tendencies increase the probability of __________/____________

A

survival/reproduction

44
Q

natural selection: those that survive are likely to pass on these ____________ to the next generation

A

tendencies (advantageous ones)

45
Q

T/F: evolutionary psychology is not super popular because its historical

46
Q

mimics natural selection to get better plants, crops, etc with BETTER traits

A

artificial selection

47
Q

regarding our CURRENT BEHAVIOR, _______ selects behavior that increase likelihood of sending one’s genes into future (enhance reproduction)

48
Q

some of our current human behavior can be explained by looking at _________ history of an organism

A

evolutionary

49
Q

examples of evolutionary history of an organism that have contributed to OUR current behavior (2):

A
  • gender differences in mating preferences (men attracted to women who portray fertility – wide hips– and women attracted to dominance + affluence)
  • sweet tooth (higher calories good for survival)
50
Q

criticisms of evolutionary psych (3):

A
  • genetic determinism
  • too little emphasis on social influences (nurture) on behavior
  • reliant on “hindsight” explanation
51
Q

critique of evolutionary psych: too much emphasis on GENES; says genes themselves causes behavior

A

genetic determinism

52
Q

parental influence is largely _________. this support is essential in nurturing children.

53
Q

T/F: other socializing factors from parents do play an important role in addtion to the genetic factors they provide

54
Q

_______ influence is MUCH stronger than parental influence (ex: language accent)

55
Q

each culture develops these; RULES for accepted and expected behavior

56
Q

examples of social norms (2):

A
  • Japan doesn’t like “small talk” but US does
  • East likes eating in public, but West (Japan) considers it rude
57
Q

Western cultures are __________ and Asian/African cultures are ________

A

individualists; collectivists

58
Q

Western v. Asian/African culture: responsible for your self

59
Q

Western v. Asian/African culture: responsible to GROUP

A

asian/african

60
Q

Western v. Asian/African culture: follow your conscience

61
Q

Western v. Asian/African culture: priority to obedience

A

asian/african

62
Q

Western v. Asian/African culture: discover your gifts

A

westernized

63
Q

Western v. Asian/African culture: be true to faily-self

A

asian/african

64
Q

Western v. Asian/African culture: be true to yourself

65
Q

Western v. Asian/African culture: be loyal to your group

A

asian/african

66
Q

Western v. Asian/African culture: be INDEPENDENT

67
Q

Western v. Asian/African culture: be INTERDEPENDENT

A

asian/african

68
Q

how one defines oneself

A

personal identidy

69
Q

TWO types of personal identity:

A
  • individualist
  • collectivist
70
Q

type of personal identity: separate form others; a unique individual

A

individualist

71
Q

type of personal identity: connected to others; part of a WHOLE

A

collectivist

72
Q

T/F: regarding collectivists vs. individualists, one is not better than the other

73
Q

how major LIFE goals are shaped between individualist vs. collectivist: self-defined; to be unique; realize your potential + compete with others

A

individualist

74
Q

how major LIFE goals are shaped between individualist vs. collectivist: defined by others; BELONG; occupy your proper place; meet your obligations to others; be like others

A

collectivist

75
Q

criteria for SELF ESTEEM (what makes one content/life goals) between individualist vs. collectivist: ability to express unique aspects of the self, be self-assured

A

individualist

76
Q

criteria for SELF ESTEEM (what makes one content/life goals) between individualist vs. collectivist: ability to restrain the self and be part of a social unit; ability to be self-effacing

A

collectivist

77
Q

SUCCESS + FAILURE between individualist vs. collectivist: success comes from personal effort; failure from external factors (“I worked hard.”)

A

individualist

78
Q

SUCCESS + FAILURE between individualist vs. collectivist: success due to help from others; failure due to personal faults

A

collectivist

79
Q

success for individualists comes from ______ _________ and failure comes from ___________ _______. collectivists are the OPPOSITE***

A

internal attribution; external attribution

80
Q

gender difference affect behavior to a much ________ degree than you think

81
Q

T/F: behavior differences between two males or two females is MUCH larger than between males/females

82
Q

women form more _______ with people than do men

A

connections (friendships)

83
Q

men emphasize ________ and _________-

A

freedom and self-reliance

84
Q

gender differences and connectedness between males and females are evident in childhood _______ _______

A

play styles

85
Q

our culture shapes these; expectations of how men and women are SUPPOSED to behave

A

gender roles

86
Q

how a person views himself or herself in terms of gendeer

A

gender identity

Psychology (23 decks)

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