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Psychology > Lec. 7 (hypnosis drugs) > Flashcards

Lec. 7 (hypnosis drugs) Flashcards

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1
Q

T/F: dreams are difficult to study scientifically

A

true

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2
Q

the study of dreams has mostly been done by _________, but you can’t believe everything he’s done

A

Freud

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3
Q

characteristics of dreams (4):

A
  • intense emotion
  • illogical thought (doesnt make sense)
  • uncritical acceptance
  • difficulty remembering
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4
Q

only time you remember dreams is when you wake up during _______ sleep

A

REM

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5
Q

T/F: the longer you’re awake, the more the memory of the dream dissapates

A

true

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6
Q

a Freudian term meaning the store line of dreams; what the dream is ABOUT

A

Manifest Content

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7
Q

3 types of “Manifest Content”

A

1) negative emotional content
2) failure dreams
3) sexual dreams

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8
Q

_____ out of _____ dreams have NEGATIVE EMOTIONAL content

A

8 out of 10

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9
Q

T/F: ppl rarely dream about failure, being attacked, pursued, rejected, or struck with misfortune

A

false (very common)

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10
Q

contrary to our thinking, sexual dreams are ________

A

sparse

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11
Q

sexual dreams in MEN are _____ in _______ and are _____ in ______ for WOMEN

A

1 in 10; 1 in 30

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12
Q

according to Freud, “dreams unlock our ______ ________”

A

unconscious desires

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13
Q

T/F: dreams and Freuds theories have influenced a lot of literature, movies, etc

A

true

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14
Q

Theories of WHY we dream (4):

A

1) wish fulfillment (Freud)
2) Information-processing function
3) physiological function (preservation)
4) activation-synthesis (making sense of neural “noise”)

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15
Q

theory of why we dream: “psych safety valve;” dreams allow us to do what society says we can’t do

A

wish fulfillment

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16
Q

who said that we dream due to wish fulfillment?

A

Freud

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17
Q

theory of why we dream: organizing and filing away the day’s information

A

info-processing function

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18
Q

theory of why we dream: preserves neural pathways; dreams strengthens the # of dendritic connections which aids in MEMORY; activates random images through the process which causes dreams

A

physiological function (preservation)

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19
Q

theory of why we dream: making sense of
neural “NOISE;” different neutrons and networks are activated during sleep; brain is NOT “off;” weaves it into a story

A

activation-synthesis

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20
Q

a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) SUGGESTS to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

A

hypnosis

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21
Q

hypnosis is NOT a ________ state

A

mystical

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22
Q

hypnosis is a state when you’re incredibly ___________ and some ppl may become very suggestible

A

relaxed

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23
Q

what kind of brain waves are emitted when your in hypnosis?

A

alpha waves

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24
Q

T/F: everyone can be hypnotized completely

A

false (but most)

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25
Q

if you are more _______, then you are more easily hypnotized in general

A

gullible

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26
Q

those who practice hypnosis agree that its power resides in the subjects openness to _______

A

suggestion

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27
Q

can anyone experience hypnosis?

A

yes, to some extent

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28
Q

can hypnosis enhance recall of forgotten events?

A

no

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29
Q

can hypnosis force ppl to act against their will?

A

no

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30
Q

can hypnosis be therapeutic?

A

yes. self-suggestion can heal too.

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31
Q

can hypnosis alleviate pain?

A

yes.

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32
Q

what, in addition to hypnosis, can help alleviate pain?

A

Lamaze (breathing exercises for birth)

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33
Q

breathing exercises for birth

A

Lamaze

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34
Q

2 Theories of the Hypnotized State:

A

1) Social Influence theory
2) Divided Consciousness theory

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35
Q

theory of the hypnotized state: “hypnotic subjects may simply be imaginative actors playing a social role”

A

social influence theory

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36
Q

theory of the hypnotized state: “hypnosis is a special state of dissociated (divided) consciousness

A

divided consciousness theory

37
Q

which hypnosis theory: attention is diverted from an aversive odor. “hypnosis has caused a split in awareness”

A

divided consciousness theory

38
Q

which hypnosis theory: attention is diverted from an aversive odor. “the subject is so caught up in the hypnotized role that she ignores the odor”

A

social influence theory

39
Q

a chemical substance that alters perception and mood (affects consciousness)

A

psychoactive drug

40
Q

ex of psychoactive drug

A

aspirin

41
Q

ppl who take psychoactive drugs are incredibly prone to ________ and _______

A

addiction + dependence

42
Q

psychoactive drugs act directly on the ________ and _____________

A

brain and spinal cords

43
Q

continued use of a psychoactive drugs produces ___________

A

tolerance

44
Q

with repeated exposure to a drug, the drug’s effect ________. thus it takes _________ quantities to get the desired effect.

A

lessens; greater

45
Q

3 TYPES of psychoactive drugs:

A
  1. depressants
  2. stimulants
  3. hallucinogens
46
Q

type of psychoactive drug: reduces nervous system activity; decreases firing rate of neurons

A

depressants

47
Q

type of psychoactive drug: increases firing rate of neurons

A

stimulants

48
Q

type of psychoactive drug: creates hallucinations (auditory or visual)

A

hallucinogens

49
Q

psychoactive drugs exert effects at the ______

A

SYNAPSE

50
Q

depressants give ppl what kind of effect?

A

sedative/calming effect

51
Q

3 types of Depressants:

A
  • alcohol
  • barbiturates (tranquilizers)
  • opiates
52
Q

type of depressant: affects motor skills, judgement, and memory… and increases AGGRESSIVENESS while reducing self awareness

A

alcohol

53
Q

hard depressants

A

barbiturates (tranquilizers)

54
Q

drug related to morphine and heroine

A

opiates

55
Q

opiates, morphine, and heroine are AGONISTS of _________

A

endorphines

56
Q

type of depressant: drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, REDUCING anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

A

barbiturates

57
Q

examples of barbiturates (2):

A
  • anesthetics
  • tranquilizers
58
Q

examples of BRANDS of anesthetics + tranquilizers (barbiturates - 3)

A
  • Nembutal
  • Seconal
  • Amytal
59
Q

barbiturates are a more ___________ depressant than alcohol

A

widespread

60
Q

type of depressant: opium and its derivatives (morphine + heroine); agonist for endorphin; LESSEN pain; highly ADDICITIVE

A

opiates

61
Q

types of STIMULANTS (5):

A
  • amphetamines
  • caffeine
  • meth
  • nicotine
  • ecstasy (MDNA/molly)
62
Q

type of stimulant: increases heart rate and breathing rates and other autonomic functions to PROVIDE energy; most COMMON (2)

A

nicotine + caffeine

63
Q

ppl with _______ are often prescribed stimulants to increase activity in the brain that allows them to have more control of their attention

A

ADHD

64
Q

type of stimulant: induces immediate euphoria followed by a crash

A

cocaine

65
Q

by binding to the sites that normally reabsorb NT molecules, cocaine blocks re-uptake of _________, ________, and _________; causes EUPHORIA

A

dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin

66
Q

concentrated cocaine; can be SMOKED

A

crack

67
Q

cocaine acts directly on the ________ (by blocking the reuptake of those 3 NTs)

A

synapse

68
Q

type of stimulant: releases DOPAMINE; suppresses endogenous (aka natural) dopamine

A

methamphetamine

69
Q

T/F: meth eventually causes you to stop producing dopamine on your own

A

true

70
Q

1 epidemic in the US

A

meth

71
Q

a form of ______ is prescribe to ADHD patients

A

meth

72
Q

characteristics of meth addicts (2):

A
  • loss of fat in face (gaunt face)
  • “meth mouth” (saliva production slows down dramatically)
73
Q

when ppl lose fat in their face due to meth, it’s called _____ _____

A

gaunt face

74
Q

why do ppl get fucked up teeth + meth mouth from meth usage?

A

saliva production slows down dramatically

75
Q

types of hallucinogens (2):

A
  • LSD
  • marijuana
76
Q

do hallucinogens affect NS activity or the firing rate of neurons?

A

no

77
Q

type of psychoactive drug: drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absense of sensory input

A

hallucinogens

78
Q

type of hallucinogen: powerful hallucinogenic drug that is know as ACID; very strong

A

LSD

79
Q

LSD =

A

lysergic acid diethylamide

80
Q

LSD causes primarily what type of hallucinations?

A

visual

81
Q

type of hallucinogen: the major active ingredient in marijuana (hemp plant) that triggers a variety of effects, including mild/weak hallucinations, mood alteration, pain relief

A

THC

82
Q

T/F: not every person experiences hallucinations on THC

A

true

83
Q

3 INFLUENCES of drug use:

A

1) biological influences
2) social-cultural influences
3) psychological influences

84
Q

types of biological influences (2):

A
  • genetic predispositions
  • variations in NT systems
85
Q

biological influences: boys who are _________/________ (genetic traits) tend to smoke/drink/use drugs

A

EXCITABLE/IMPULSIVE

86
Q

biological influences: mice can be bred to like or dislike ______

A

alcohol

87
Q

types of social-cultural influences (3):

A
  • urban environment
  • cultural attitude toward drug use
  • peer influences
88
Q

type of psychological influences (3):

A
  • lacking sense of purpose
  • significant stress
  • psychological disorders, such as depression
89
Q

examples of psychological/social/cultural influences of drug use (4):

A
  • stress
  • peer influences
  • religion
  • laws (dry counties)

Psychology (23 decks)

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