Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Lec. 19 (motivation) > Flashcards

Lec. 19 (motivation) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

motivation is a ______ ______ just like intelligence!

A

psychological construct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

motivation is the factors that influence the ________, ________, _______, and ________ of behavior

A

initiation, direction, intensity, and persistence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F: motivation cannot be directly observed, though, it is inferred from what can be observed

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Theories of Motivation (3):

A

1) instinct theory (evolutionary perspective)
2) drive reduction theory
3) arousal theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

theory of motivation: “we behave the way we do bc of instincts; its is INNATE (biological approach)

A

instinct theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

automatic, involuntary, and unlearned behavior patterns triggered by particular stimuli

A

instincts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

instinct theory ________ behavior, but does NOT ______ it

A

describes; explain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

you can make up instincts for anything =

A

post-talk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

says motivation was selected for and that its in our genes

A

instinct theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

________ don’t have a lot of instincts (except for behavior for babies to latch onto nipple), but _______ do

A

humans; animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F: VAST majority of human behaviors are NOT instincts

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

theory of motivation: says that an IMBALANCE in a system in your body (some system in the body is not physiologically balanced) drives motivation and creates a NEED; brain interprets the body’s need as a DRIVE

A

drive reduction theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a biological requirement for well-being

A

need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a feeling of arousal

A

drive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

drive reduction theory interprets the body’s need as a ______

A

drive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the drive reduction theory is based on ______ needs

A

biochemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

drawback on drive reduction theory =

A

doesn’t explain everything; limited (ex: run a marathon, stay in school?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

drive reduction theory PROCESS (3 components)

A

need –> drive –> drive-reducing behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

drive reduction theory process: you have had no water in a long time, chemical balance in body is off

A

imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

drive reduction theory process component: your body needs water to survive

A

need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

drive reduction theory process component: your brain interprets sensations from your body as THIRST

A

drive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

needs are ________
drives are ________

A

physiological
psychological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

theory of motivation: “ppl behave in ways to keep their arousal at optimum levels;” different for everyone

A

arousal theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

a general level of ACTIVATION; can be many different things (level of activity in brain, level of sensory stimulation)

A

arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

LOW arousal; motivates you to do something to increase arousal

A

boredom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

suggested that some needs have priority over others

A

Maslow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what did Maslow come up with to explain the priorities of needs

A

Hierarchy of Motives/Needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Hierarchy of Needs in order:

A
  1. physiological
  2. safety
  3. belongingness + love
  4. esteem needs
  5. self-actualization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

hierarchy of needs: need to satisfy hunger and thirst

A

physiological needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

hierarchy of needs: need to feel that the world is organized and predictable; need to feel safe, secure, and stable

A

safety needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

hierarchy of needs: need to love and be loved, to belong and be accepted; need to avoid loneliness and alienation

A

belongingness + love needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

hierarchy of needs: need for self-esteem, achievement, competence, and independence; need for recognition and respect from others

A

esteem needs

33
Q

hierarchy of needs: need to live up to one’s fullest and unique potential

A

self-actualization needs

34
Q

T/F: hierarchy of needs says that you must satisfy lower level needs before you try and obtain high level needs

A

true

35
Q

the general state of WANTING to eat

A

hunger

36
Q

the general state of no longer wanting to eat; opposite of hunger

A

satiety

37
Q

the once thought that the hungrier you were, the more _____ ______ you had

A

stomach contractions

38
Q

proved that stomach contractions was unrelated to hunger; removed rat stomachs, connected the esophagus to the small intestines, and the rats still felt hungry (and ate food)

A

Tsang

39
Q

levels of GLUCOSE in the blood are monitored by receptors (neurons) in the ______, _____, and _______

A

stomach, liver, and intestines

40
Q

neurons in the stomach, liver, and intestines send signals to the ________ in the brain about low levels of glucose in the blood

A

hypothalamus

41
Q

portion of hypothalamus that brings on hunger

A

lateral hypothalamus (LH)

42
Q

the reduction of blood glucose stimulates _____ in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) which leads rats to eat

A

orexin

43
Q

portion of the hypothalamus that DEPRESSES hunger; brings on satiety

A

ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)

44
Q

hormone secreted by HYPOTHALAMUS; increases hunger

A

orexin

45
Q

hormone secreted by STOMACH; increases hunger

A

ghrelin

46
Q

monitors a number of hormones that are related to hunger

A

hypothalamus

47
Q

hormone secreted by the PANCREAS; increases hunger

A

insulin

48
Q

hormone secreted by FAT cells; decreases hunger

A

leptin

49
Q

hormone secreted by DIGESTIVE TRACT/INTESTINES; decreases hunger

A

PYY

50
Q

manipulating the later and the ventromedial hypothalamus alters the body’s _____ ______

A

“weight thermostat”

51
Q

if weight is LOST, food intake increases and energy expenditure decreases; if weight is GAINED, the opposite takes place

A

set point

52
Q

when you decrease your calorie intake, your _______ and________ drops

A

weight + metoblic rate

53
Q

T/F: your set point can be changed, it just takes time

A

true

54
Q

obesity is defined as a BMI over _____

A

30

55
Q

varied causes of obesity (3):

A
  • brain may be slower to realize satiety
  • brain may be less sensitive to LEPTIN
  • genetic predisposition
56
Q

eating disorder characterized by starvation excessive preoccupation with losing weight

A

anorexia nervosa

57
Q

anorexia nervosa is a ______ disorder exacerbated by cultural notions of thinness

A

anorexia nervosa

58
Q

social effect of obesity: when women applicants were made to look overweight, subjects were less willing to _____ them

A

hire

59
Q

affect the development of sexual characteristics and (especially animals) activate sexual behavior

A

sex hormones

60
Q

male sex hormone

A

testosterone

61
Q

female sex hormone

A

estrogen

62
Q

produces testosterone

A

testes

63
Q

produces estrogen

A

ovaries + adrenals

64
Q

T/F: women have a small amount of testosterone and men have small amounts of estrogen

A

true

65
Q

refers to a person’s preference for relationships with

A

sexual orientation

66
Q

homosexual = ____% of population

A

1-3%

67
Q

bisexual = ____% of population

A

~1%

68
Q

homosexuality is more likely based on BIOLOGICAL factors like… (3):

A
  • differing brain areas
  • genetics
  • prenatal hormone exposure
69
Q

T/F: it is unlikely that homosexuality is based on environmental (nurture) factors

A

true

70
Q

T/F: a number of animal species are devoted to same-sex partners, suggesting that homosexuality exists in the animal world

A

true

71
Q

factors that suggest homosexuality may be due to genetic factors (3):

A
  • family
  • twin studies
  • fruit flies
72
Q

homosexuality seems to run in ______

A

families

73
Q

homosexuality is more common in ______ twins than _____ twins – though there are mixed results

A

identical; fraternal

74
Q

fruit flies: genetic engineers can _____ ______ females to act like males during courtship and males to act like females

A

genetically manipulate

75
Q

biological correlates to homosexuality due to PRENATAL NORMAL EXPOSURE (5):

A
  • hair whorl (maybe)
  • index/ring finger ratio
  • performance on tests of spatial ability
  • hypothalamic responses
  • fraternal birth order (w/ R handed brothers only)
76
Q

hair whorl: 90% of men’s hair whorl are _____ while 20% of gay mens are _____

A

CW; CCW

77
Q

straight men: index is ____ than ring finer

A

bigger

78
Q

gay men + women: index is _______ than ringer finger

A

equal to or smaller

Psychology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions