Lec. 6 (consciousness + sleep) Flashcards
awareness of the outside world and of one’s mental processes, thoughts, feelings, and perceptions
consciousness
in addition to conscious thoughts, there is much ________ information we aren’t aware of but we ARE prcessing
unconscious
a bug lands on your arm, and there is a ______ on an EEG, meaning your brain registered it
spike
______ seconds after the bug lands on your arm, your hand MOVES
0.25 seconds
_______ seconds after the bug lands on your arm, you are AWARE of your decision to flick your hand
0.35
T/F: in the bug landing girl experiment, the action came BEFORE she realized she wanted to take action
true
your brain is unconsciously monitoring ALL sounds in the room and ______ unimportant info.
discards
only ________/_________ information is brought to your awareness/consciousness (ex: your name being called)
important/relevant
processing perceptual/sensory information on two levels – conscious + unconscious
dual processing
what is the “dual” in dual processing?
- conscious level
- NON-conscious level
dual processing: not much information, but we are aware of it and it immediately guides our actions
conscious
dual processing: a MASSIVE amount of sensory info. but you are unaware (unless it it brought into consciousness)
non-conscious
T/F: humans are great at multitasking (focusing on two or more things at once)
false
humans tend to be _________ that they can multitask
overconfident
focusing your consciousness/attention on a SINGLE THING (ex: trying to pay attention while your neigh chats; trying to block out the noise)
selective attention
selective attention is ________
effortful
T/F: selective attention is easier for some ppl and harder for others
true
what part of the brain determines how easy selective attention is for you?
frontal lobe
if selective attention is so hard for you that it affects your daily life, you have _______
ADHD
compliment to selective attention; trying to do 2 or more things
divided attention
white noise enhances ________ attention
selective
attention is a ________ source
limited
when information is NOT attended to (ex: gorilla moon-walking); dissipates quickly – your mind discards it
inattention blindness
blindness to a CHANGE in environment bc you weren’t looking for it (ex: switch of ppl asking for directions)
change blindness
change blindness is a form of what?
inattention blindness
occur on a 24-hour cycle and include sleep and wakefullness; “biological clock;” can be altered by superficial light
circadian rhythms
light triggers the _________________ to DECREASES melatonin in the morning from the _____ ______ and increase melatonin at night
suprachiasmatic nucleus; pineal gland
what secretes/witholds melatonin from being released?
pineal gland
T/F: most animals have circadian rhythms
true
the pineal gland talks to what system to increase/decrease melatonin production?
endocrine system
only hormone you can purchase over the counter
melatonin
Sleep Theories (why we need it - 4)
1) sleep protects
2) sleep helps us recover
3) sleep helps us remember
4) sleep may play a role in the growth process
sleep theory: evolutionary explanation; gets you out of danger and into a secure and safe environment (ex: animals sleeping in high tree branches)
sleep PROTECTS
sleep theory: human growth hormone is only released during sleep
sleep helps us RECOVEER
sleep theory: memory function; brain re-organizes memories during the day
sleep helps us REMEMBER
sleep theory: babies sleep a vast majority of the time; as we age, we need less and less sleep (and growth hormone released)
sleep may play a role in the GROWTH PROCESS
which hormone is only released during sleep?
human growth hormone
effects of sleep deprivation (5):
1) fatigigue + subsequent death
2) impaired concentration
3) emotional irritability
4) depressed immune system
5) greater vulnerability to accident
study that looked at the frequency of accidents with the 1 hour loss of sleep during change of daylight savings: the _______ time change reported more accidents where they _______ an hour of sleep
fall time change; lost
in addition to just losing one hour of sleep, the fall time change could have had a higher frequency of accidents due to what CONFOUNDING factor?
amount of light in the morning (lighter during the Spring time change when you gain an hour)
how do you measure the sleep stages in humans?
EEG (brain waves) + EMG (measures fascial muscle movements)
measures fascial muscle movements/muscle tension
electro-muscle graph (EMG)
stages of sleep (5):
- NREM-1
- NREM-2
- NREM-3
- REM
stage of sleep: lightest stage of sleep; produces theta waves
NREM1
stage of sleep: moderate sleep; produces theta waves; includes spindles (burst of activity) in brain waves
NREM2
stage of sleep: DEEPEST stage of sleep; produces DELTA waves
NREM3
stage of sleep: eyes are moving and ppl report VIVID dreams; almost as active as when you’re awake
REM
type of brain waves (4):
- alpha
- beta
- theta
- delta
type of wave: produced when awake but RELAXED
alpha
type of wave: produced when awake + AROUSED + during REM sleep
beta
type of wave: produced during NREM1
theta
type of wave: produced during NREM2
theta
type of wave: produced during NREM3
delta (think DEEP-DELTA)
when are beta waves produced in the brain?
- wake + AROUSED
- REM sleep
alpha wave rate =
9-14 cps (cycle per second)
beta wave rate =
15-40 cps
theta wave rate =
5-8 cps
delta wave rate =
1.5-4 cps
when you are awake but RELAXED, the _______ waves are _______ and _________
alpha; slow + regular
a person who is meditating shows _______ brain waves and a person who is daydremaing shows _________ activity
alpha; theta
which sleep stage shows spindles (bursts of acitivty) in their brain waves?
NREM2
during REM – although still asleep, the brain engages in __________, _____ and _____ ______ waves, much like an awake-aroused state
low-amplitude, fast, and regular BETA waves
as you age, you get less _____ sleep
REM
who goes through more cycles of sleep stages – young adults or older adults?
older adults
REM ______ as the night progresses
increases
