Lec. 10 (adolescence + adulthood) Flashcards
life between childhood and adulthood
adolescence
start of adolescence =
puberty
puberty occurs earlier in females (_____ years) than in males (____ years)
11 years; 13 years
height in _____ increases before _____
females; males
T/F: puberty occurs at different times between girls and boys
true
boys keep growing and become taller than girls at age _____
14
develop rapidly during puberty; the reproductive ORGANS and external GENITALIA
primary sexual characteristics
the nonreproductive traits such as breasts and hips in girls and facial hair and deepening of voice in boys that develop during puberty; pubic hair and armpit hair grow in both sexes
secondary sexual characteristics
which sex characteristics are REQUIRED for reproduction?
primary
secondary sex characteristics occur due to ______ changes
hormone
in the frontal cortex, increased _________ occurs during adolescence
myelination
the frontal cortex lags behind the _____ ______’s development
limbic system
what 3 things in the brain may explain occasional poor teen judgement?
- hormonal surges
- limbic system
- underdeveloped frontal cortex
limbic system is responsible for _______ emotions
negative
according to ________ adolescents can handle ABSTRACT problems
Piaget
T/F: adolescents can judge good from evil, truth and justice, and think about God in deeper terms + morality
true
posed MORAL dilemmas to children and adolescents, such as “should a person steal medicine to save a loved one’s life;” found DISCRETE stages of moral development
Kohlberg
MORAL DEVELOPMENT =
Kohlberg
Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development (3):
1) Preconventional Level
2) Conventional Level
3) Postconventional Level
Kohlberg stage of moral develop: moral choices tend to be SELFISH in nature
preconventional
Kohlberg stage of moral develop: choices based on following RULES and conventions
conventional
Kohlberg stage of moral develop: moral judgements based on PERSONAL STANDARDS or universal principles of justice, equality, and respect for human life
postconventional
preconventional is found mostly in _________
children
postconventional level is found in less than ____% of ppl
10%
T/F: not all of us will reach postconventional level of moral development
true
MOST ppl will reach ______ level.. but not all
conventional
limitations of Kohlberg’s Stages (2):
- cross-cultural studies (stage 3 does not always appear)
- gender differences in moral thinking
limitation of Kohlberg’s Stages: stage 1 and 2 appear universal, but stage 3 does not always appear; these type of studies made this apparent
cross-cultural studies
which gender is concerned with ABSTRACT, IMPERSONAL concept of justice
men
which gender is concerned with PROTECTING + enduring relationships and fulfilling human needs
women
men are associated more often with stage _______ of Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, while women are associated with stage _____
2 (conventional); 3 (postconventional)
emerging adulthood spans ages ____-_____
18-25
during this time, young adults may live with their parents and attend college or work
emerging adulthood
on average, emerging adults marry when?
in their MID-TWENTIES
time between getting first period and marriage for women is _____
increasing
ADULTHOOD begins when?
after a person’s mid-twenties
T/F: defining adulthood into stages is more difficult than defining stages of childhood or adolescence
true
the peak of physical performance occurs around ____ years of age, after which it declines imperceptibly for most of us
20
during MIDDLE adulthood, what 4 things begin to decline after your mid-twenties?
- muscular strength
- reaction time
- sensory abilities
- cardiac output
in addition to your physical abilities, your ______ abilities ALSO decline after your mid-twenties and into middle adulthood
sensory
______ memory does NOT decline with age, but _______ memory DOES
recognition; recall
with age, you could _________ words at a stable rate but not ________
recognize; recall
ability to reason speedily; DECLINES with age (ex: video game)
fluid intelligence
accumulated knowledge and skills; does NOT decline with age (ex: trivia)
crystallized intelligence
________ intelligence declines with age, but not ________ intelligence
fluid; crystallized
as we age, we gain ______ and ______, but lose _____ memory and process more _______
vocab + knowledge; recall; slowly
world knowledge and CRYSTALLIZED intelligence _____ as you age after 20
increases
processing capability and FLUID intelligence _______ as you age
decreases
