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Psychology > Lec. 1 (intro to psych) > Flashcards

Lec. 1 (intro to psych) Flashcards

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1
Q

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

A

Psychology

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2
Q

what does “scientific” mean in the definition of psychology?

A

using the scientific method

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3
Q

what does “behavior” mean in the definition of psychology?

A

everything we can “see” (ex: what I’m doing with my hands); outward behavior (HAS to be observable)

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4
Q

what does “mental processes” mean in the definition of psychology?

A

activity we can’t “see” such as thinking, feeling, and remembering (ex: thinking about what you’re going to eat for lunch); can be inferred

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5
Q

types of psychology fields (3):

A
  • Counseling/Clinical psychology
  • Child/Developmental psychologist
  • Engineering Psychology (Human Factors Psychology)
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6
Q

type of psychology field: most common

A

Counseling/Clinical psych

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7
Q

type of psychology field: study child development (ex: autism), teenager, and adults

A

Child/Developmental psych

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8
Q

type of psychology field: newest field; asks how can you make a human do that; very DIFFERENT types

A

Engineering psych

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9
Q

the APA has _____ different divisions of psychology

A

56 (experimental, health, teaching, developmental, military, aging, engineering, sport, etc.)

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10
Q

the divisions of psychology are _______ and represent the major areas that psychologists study

A

sub-types

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11
Q

GOALS of psychology (4):

A
  1. describe
  2. understand
  3. predict
  4. control
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12
Q

goal of psychology: what behavior or mental process are we talking about? (ex: smoking behaviors)

A

describe

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13
Q

goal of psychology: why does this behavior occur?; create theories to understand the mechanics; theories are ideas about WHY and HOW (ex: lack of knowledge/awareness, peer pressure, media, etc.)

A

understand

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14
Q

goal of psychology: does the theory predict behavior? Can it predict behavior? (ex: experiment or surveys – does removing smoking from movies reduct smoking rates?)

A

predict

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15
Q

goal of psychology: use theory to help control unwanted behaviors (ex: increase awareness, ban advertisements, etc.)

A

control

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16
Q

believed that knowledge was INNATE (born with it) = “nature view”

A

Plato/Descartes (plato first tho)

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17
Q

believed that knowledge was acquired through EXPERIENCE; you’re born with a blank slate = “nurture view”

A

Aristotle/Locke

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18
Q

nature vs. nurture questions could be answered with ______ and ________

A

logic and reasoning

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19
Q

father of modern psychology =

A

William Wundt

20
Q

Influenced by the techniques of “hard sciences” (ex: physics, chemistry) of the day; wanted to study consciousness scientifically; human behavior was considered a “SOFT science” at his time

A

William Wundt

21
Q

the beginning of modern psychology started in ______ with William Wundt

A

1879

22
Q

how did Wundt measure the speed of “thought”?

A

told a set of ppl to listen for a tone and hit a button as fast as they can (0.5 seconds) and another to hit the button as fast as they can (0.25); the difference is how long “perception of sound” takes

23
Q

the mind (consciousness) is composed of many parts, we can study the individual parts to understand the whole

A

Structuralism

24
Q

who came up with Structuralism?

A

Wundt

25
Q

according to Wundt, Structuralism emphasizes on ________ and ________ of the mind

A

STRUCTURE and ORGANIZATION

26
Q

asking ppl what they’re thinking about (ex: show ppl a red apple, then ask what are you thinking about?)

A

Introspection

27
Q

who came up with Introspection?

A

Titchener

28
Q

Titchner came up with _______ “elements” of the mind

A

44,000

29
Q

how was Titchner related to Wundt?

A

he was his student

30
Q

What’s wrong with introspection (2)?

A
  • Ppl may lie
  • Ppl dont have access to everything that’s going on in their mind
31
Q

a study of the purpose of mental processes in adaptive behavior (not the elements)

A

Functionalism

32
Q

who came up with Functionalism?

A

William James

33
Q

William James said that consciousness cannot be dissected and studied. It must be studied as a ________.

A

WHOLE (must study the functions of consciousness)

34
Q

a theory and a type of therapy based on the belief that all people possess unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories; patient talks about experiences, early childhood, and dreams

A

Psychoanalysis

35
Q

who came up with Psychoanalysis?

A

Sigmund Freud

36
Q

Freud emphasized the importance of the _______ _______ and its effect on human behavior

A

unconscious mind

37
Q

All behavior is a result of LEARNING ; believed it is purely from nurture; our experiences with rewards and punishments shapes our behavior

A

Behaviorism

38
Q

who came up with Behaviorism?

A

Watson

39
Q

Where do you see behaviorism today?

A

training your dog

40
Q

what era did dissatisfaction with behaviorism grow?

A

Cognitive Revolution

41
Q

during the Cognitive Revolution, what did people critique Behaviorism for (2)?

A
  • behaviorism could not explain all behavior..
  • vital to talk about unseen mental processes (consciousness)
42
Q

when did the Cognitive Revolution occur?

A

1960s

43
Q

what metaphor is used to describe mental processing of the brain?

A

a computer (input, processing, + output)

44
Q

computer metaphor: Active processes occur in “_________” that aren’t visible

A

software

45
Q

computer metaphor: _________ is “software,” ______ is the “hardware”

A

Consciousness; brain

46
Q

what’s an example of input and output of mental processing?

A

input: words we hear
output: facial expressions

Psychology (23 decks)

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