Lec. 13 (classical conditioning)

Question 1

early structuralists and functionalists in the late 18000s (2):

Answer 1

Wundt + James

Question 2

believed you can only study what you can SEE

Answer 2

behaviorists

Question 3

who were famous behaviorists (4)?

Answer 3

• Pavlov
• Thorndike
• Watson
• Skinner

Question 4

since the 1960’s till today, most psych is based on which type?

Answer 4

cognitive

Question 5

experience modifying behavior or understanding

Answer 5

learning

Question 6

we learn by what 3 ways?

Answer 6

• experiencing events
• observing relationships
• noticing the regularity

Question 7

TYPES of learning (2):

Answer 7

• non-associative learning
• associative learning

Question 8

type of learning: learning through NOT associating things; we share this with worms and most living organisms; not complex; PASSIVELY responding to a stimuli

Answer 8

non-associative learning

Question 9

type of learning: learning through associating two things

Answer 9

associative learning

Question 10

types of NON-associatve learning (2):

Answer 10

• habituation
• sensitization

Question 11

type of NON-associatve learning: adapting to a stimuli that do not change (ex: scarecrow, getting used to loud AC noise)

Answer 11

habituation

Question 12

type of NON-associatve learning: showing larger responses following repeated presentations of stimuli (ex: scratching itch)

Answer 12

sensitization

Question 13

habituation and sensitization are ________

Answer 13

opposites

Question 14

types of ASSOCIATIVE learning (2):

Answer 14

• classical conditioning
• operant conditioning

Question 15

panicking when you see cops’ blue lights and getting nervous when you must speak publicly are examples of what type of associative learning?

Answer 15

classical conditioning

Question 16

type of learning; between biological response inside your body (not controlled) and a neutral stimulus in the outside world

Answer 16

classical conditioning

Question 17

classical conditioning involves responses from which part of the nervous system?

Answer 17

ANS (ex: salivating, HR increasing)

Question 18

T/F: classical conditioning and operant conditioning are the same thing

Answer 18

false

Question 19

PAVLOV =

Answer 19

classical conditioning

Question 20

Pavlov paired the neutral stimulus of _________ with a natural reflex of ________

Answer 20

a tone; salivating

Question 21

first demonstration of associative learning =

Answer 21

pavlov’s dogs (classical conditioning)

Question 22

unconditioned stimulus (UCS) =

Answer 22

food

Question 23

unconditioned response (UCR) =

Answer 23

salivating

Question 24

conditioned stimulus (CS) =

Answer 24

tone/bell

Question 25

conditioned response (CR) =

Answer 25

salivating

Question 26

continued pairing of the ________ with the _______ STRENGTHENS behavior

Answer 26

CS; UCS

Question 27

in pavlov's experience, the behavior was salivating; the more he strengthened the relationship between the CS (tone) and USC (food), the _________ the dogs salivated

Answer 27

more

Question 28

what occurs if you continually presented the CS (tone) with no UCS (meat powder/food); eventually the CR (salivating) will disappear; the tone no longer elicits salivation

Answer 28

extinction

Question 29

what if after extinction, you present the tone and then the meat powder? what happens?

Answer 29

behavior quickly returns to normal + no long training required

Question 30

CS and USC paired

Answer 30

acquisition

Question 31

UCS withheld

Answer 31

extinction

Question 32

CS again presented again and behavior quickly returns

Answer 32

spontaneous recovery

Question 33

spontaneous recovery is like the dog basically _________ previous learning

Answer 33

memorized

Question 34

the tendency to respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli; the larger the difference in pitch (than the original hertz learned), the less of a response will occur

Answer 34

stimulus generalization

Question 35

generalization must have _______ or we would fear a picture of a lion

Answer 35

limits

Question 36

learning to differentiate between various stimuli; react to some, not to others

Answer 36

stimulus discrimination

Question 37

T/F: stimulus generalization works at the same time as stimulus discrimination

Answer 37

true

Question 38

factors that influence the LEARNING of CONDITIONED responses (4):

Answer 38

- timing - predictability - signal strength - attention to stimulus

Question 39

factor that influence the LEARNING of CONDITIONED responses: tone first and then the food causes the response

Answer 39

timing

Question 40

factor that influence the LEARNING of CONDITIONED responses: did the food come every time?

Answer 40

predictability

Question 41

factor that influence the LEARNING of CONDITIONED responses: if there is a low tone, the dog can't hear it and will not response

Answer 41

signal strength

Question 42

factor that influence the LEARNING of CONDITIONED responses: was the organism paying attention; dog distracted = no classical conditioning

Answer 42

attention to stimulus

Question 43

intense/irrational fear that is debilitating (ex: intense fear of planes)

Answer 43

phobia

Question 44

uses classical conditioning principles to treat phobias (ex: showing you lots of pics of airplanes in a relaxing environment and then put you in an airplane seat)

Answer 44

systematic desensitization