Lec. 13 (classical conditioning) Flashcards
early structuralists and functionalists in the late 18000s (2):
Wundt + James
believed you can only study what you can SEE
behaviorists
who were famous behaviorists (4)?
- Pavlov
- Thorndike
- Watson
- Skinner
since the 1960’s till today, most psych is based on which type?
cognitive
experience modifying behavior or understanding
learning
we learn by what 3 ways?
- experiencing events
- observing relationships
- noticing the regularity
TYPES of learning (2):
- non-associative learning
- associative learning
type of learning: learning through NOT associating things; we share this with worms and most living organisms; not complex; PASSIVELY responding to a stimuli
non-associative learning
type of learning: learning through associating two things
associative learning
types of NON-associatve learning (2):
- habituation
- sensitization
type of NON-associatve learning: adapting to a stimuli that do not change (ex: scarecrow, getting used to loud AC noise)
habituation
type of NON-associatve learning: showing larger responses following repeated presentations of stimuli (ex: scratching itch)
sensitization
habituation and sensitization are ________
opposites
types of ASSOCIATIVE learning (2):
- classical conditioning
- operant conditioning
panicking when you see cops’ blue lights and getting nervous when you must speak publicly are examples of what type of associative learning?
classical conditioning
type of learning; between biological response inside your body (not controlled) and a neutral stimulus in the outside world
classical conditioning
classical conditioning involves responses from which part of the nervous system?
ANS (ex: salivating, HR increasing)
T/F: classical conditioning and operant conditioning are the same thing
false
PAVLOV =
classical conditioning
Pavlov paired the neutral stimulus of _________ with a natural reflex of ________
a tone; salivating
first demonstration of associative learning =
pavlov’s dogs (classical conditioning)
unconditioned stimulus (UCS) =
food
unconditioned response (UCR) =
salivating
conditioned stimulus (CS) =
tone/bell
conditioned response (CR) =
salivating
continued pairing of the ________ with the _______ STRENGTHENS behavior
CS; UCS
in pavlov’s experience, the behavior was salivating; the more he strengthened the relationship between the CS (tone) and USC (food), the _________ the dogs salivated
more
what occurs if you continually presented the CS (tone) with no UCS (meat powder/food); eventually the CR (salivating) will disappear; the tone no longer elicits salivation
extinction
what if after extinction, you present the tone and then the meat powder? what happens?
behavior quickly returns to normal + no long training required
CS and USC paired
acquisition
UCS withheld
extinction
CS again presented again and behavior quickly returns
spontaneous recovery
spontaneous recovery is like the dog basically _________ previous learning
memorized
the tendency to respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli; the larger the difference in pitch (than the original hertz learned), the less of a response will occur
stimulus generalization
generalization must have _______ or we would fear a picture of a lion
limits
learning to differentiate between various stimuli; react to some, not to others
stimulus discrimination
T/F: stimulus generalization works at the same time as stimulus discrimination
true
factors that influence the LEARNING of CONDITIONED responses (4):
- timing
- predictability
- signal strength
- attention to stimulus
factor that influence the LEARNING of CONDITIONED responses: tone first and then the food causes the response
timing
factor that influence the LEARNING of CONDITIONED responses: did the food come every time?
predictability
factor that influence the LEARNING of CONDITIONED responses: if there is a low tone, the dog can’t hear it and will not response
signal strength
factor that influence the LEARNING of CONDITIONED responses: was the organism paying attention; dog distracted = no classical conditioning
attention to stimulus
intense/irrational fear that is debilitating (ex: intense fear of planes)
phobia
uses classical conditioning principles to treat phobias (ex: showing you lots of pics of airplanes in a relaxing environment and then put you in an airplane seat)
systematic desensitization
