Lec. 5 (cortex) Flashcards by Zoe Channel

interconnected neurons form NETWORKS in the brain; these networks are complex and _______ with growth and experience

modify

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___________ + _____________ = power of the brain

number of neurons + # of connections

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the more ________ of networking in the brain, the more COMPLEX processing it is capable of

layers

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the darker the connection of the neurons, the _________ the connection

stronger

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what determines if an action potential is sent of not?

the NUMBER of impulses (sent from lots of dif. neurons) — aka the FREQUENCY

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connects the L and R brain hemispheres

corpus callosum

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what does the word “hippocampus” mean?

sea horse

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ultimate control and information-processing center of the brain; PINK stuff

cerebral cortex

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the amygdala is in the _______ ______ in the core of the brain

limbic system

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the brain can be organized by ________ + _______

structure + function

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structures/lobes of the brain (4):

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal

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lobe of the brain: forehead

frontal lobe

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lobe of the brain: top to near head

parietal lobe

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lobe of the brain: back head

occipital lobe

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lobe of the brain: side of head

temporal lobe

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the 4 areas/lobes of the brain are MOSTLY ________

identical

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folds of the brain

grooves

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there is a deeper grove that separates the ________ and ________ lobe which is a MAJOR LANDMARK

frontal and parietal

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grooves separate subparts of the _______

cortex

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Sub-parts of the Cortex (2):

motor cortex
sensory cortex

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sub-part of the cortex: the area at the rear of the frontal lobes that control VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS; SENDS commands

motor cortex

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sub-part of the cortex: RECEIVES information from skin surface and sense organs

sensory cortex

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another name for sensory cortex =

parietal cortex

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each portion of the motor and sensory cortex is specific to a certain ______ ______

body part

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the face takes up ______ of the cortexes

1/3 (lots of brain tissue devoted to FACIAL expression -- valuable for communication)

where is the MOTOR cortex located in the brain?

rear of frontal lobe

where is the SENSORY cortex located?

parietal lobe

it is typical for ________'s brains to have a lot of tissue devoted to facial expression as is it very valuable for COMMUNICATION

primates

which body part takes a LARGE portion of the cortexes?

tongue

what happens to your brain if you have a limb amputated?

re-maps that portion of the cortex to control something else

the re-mapping of the brain after something in the body/brain is altered is referred to its _________

plasticity (very flexible)

frontal lobe functions (4):

- abstract thinking / higher cognitive thinking - planning - social skills - personality

parietal lobe functions (3):

- touch - spacial orientation - nonverbal thinking

temporal lobe functions (3):

- language - hearing - visual pattern recognition

occipital lobe function (1)

- vision (processing of visual info)

Broca's area functions (2):

- speech PRODUCTION - grammar

the Broca's area is a sub-part of which LOBE?

frontal lobe

Wernicke's area function (1):

speech COMPREHENSION

the Wernicke's area is a sub-part of which LOBE?

temporal (near ears)

important components of the brain for LANGUAGE =

Broca's (production) + Wernicke's (comprehnsion) areas

a disorder that affects how you communicate

aphasia

if you had a stroke near the Wernicke's area, what could happen?

aphasia -- lose ability to comprehend speech

if you had a stroke near the Broca's area, what could happen?

aphasia -- lose ability to produce speech

which lobe makes humans different from every other animal?

frontal lobe

the functional MRI scan shows the _______ _______ is active as the subject looks at faces

visual cortex

the functional MRI scan shows the _____ _____ is active in patients who hallucinate sounds (shows that they're not lying)

auditory cortex

parts of the cortex that don't seem to have a specific function; "uncommitted"

association areas

more _______ animals have INCREASED "uncommitted" or association areas of the cortex

intelligent

association areas serve as ________ areas

storage (info. gets stored)

what kind of information is stored in association areas?

1) external stimuli 2) internal thought

T/F: memories are stored in specific parts of the brain

false (stored randomly in association areas)

specifically, the Broca's area controls speech _________

expression

the Wernicke'es area interprets speech both _________ and ________

visually + auditory

Order in which Language is interpreted + produced in the brain (5):

1. visual cortex (receives written words as visual stimulation) 2. angular gyrus (transforms visual representation into auditory code) 3. Wernicke's area (interprets auditory code) 4. Broca's area (controls speech muscles via the motor cortex) 5. Motor cortex (word is pronounced)

transforms visual representation into auditory code

angular gyrus

which part of the brain are active when you HEAR words?

auditory cortex + Wernicke's area

which part of the brain are active when you SEE words?

visual cortex + angular gyrus

which part of the brain are active when you SPEAK words?

Broca's area + motor cortex

the Broca's area and Wernicke's are typically dominate in WHICH hemisphere?

left

since the Broca's and Wernicke's areas are said to dominate the LEFT hemisphere, language is said to be ___________

lateralized (left and right sides of the brain are specialised to attend to different information)

connects the L and R hemisphere

corpus callosum

cutting the corpus callosum is still practiced today in order to reduce what?

epileptic seizures

how does cutting the corpus callosum prevent epileptic seizures?

prevents seizure signals from traveling to the other side of the brain

objects to the LEFT are processed on which side of the brain?

right side (and vice versa)

the _______ ________ shares info between the right and left hemishphere (unless it is cut)

corpus callosum

with the corpus callosum severed, objects present on the ________ visual field can be NAMED; objects on the ________ visual field CANNOT

right; left (cannot)

_______ hemisphere controls the LEFT side of the body... and vice versa

right

for language + SPEAKING, you will only report what the _____ side processed

left

when pointing + MOVING your LEFT hand to report an answer, you will only report what the _______ hemisphere processed

right

where the crossover of sight and processing in the brain occurs

optic nerve

when pointing + MOVING your RIGHT hand to report an answer, you will only report what the _______ hemisphere processed

left