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Psychology > Lec. 5 (cortex) > Flashcards

Lec. 5 (cortex) Flashcards

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1
Q

interconnected neurons form NETWORKS in the brain; these networks are complex and _______ with growth and experience

A

modify

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2
Q

___________ + _____________ = power of the brain

A

number of neurons + # of connections

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3
Q

the more ________ of networking in the brain, the more COMPLEX processing it is capable of

A

layers

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4
Q

the darker the connection of the neurons, the _________ the connection

A

stronger

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5
Q

what determines if an action potential is sent of not?

A

the NUMBER of impulses (sent from lots of dif. neurons) — aka the FREQUENCY

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6
Q

connects the L and R brain hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

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7
Q

what does the word “hippocampus” mean?

A

sea horse

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8
Q

ultimate control and information-processing center of the brain; PINK stuff

A

cerebral cortex

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9
Q

the amygdala is in the _______ ______ in the core of the brain

A

limbic system

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10
Q

the brain can be organized by ________ + _______

A

structure + function

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11
Q

structures/lobes of the brain (4):

A
  • frontal
  • parietal
  • occipital
  • temporal
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12
Q

lobe of the brain: forehead

A

frontal lobe

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13
Q

lobe of the brain: top to near head

A

parietal lobe

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14
Q

lobe of the brain: back head

A

occipital lobe

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15
Q

lobe of the brain: side of head

A

temporal lobe

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16
Q

the 4 areas/lobes of the brain are MOSTLY ________

A

identical

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17
Q

folds of the brain

A

grooves

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18
Q

there is a deeper grove that separates the ________ and ________ lobe which is a MAJOR LANDMARK

A

frontal and parietal

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19
Q

grooves separate subparts of the _______

A

cortex

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20
Q

Sub-parts of the Cortex (2):

A
  • motor cortex
  • sensory cortex
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21
Q

sub-part of the cortex: the area at the rear of the frontal lobes that control VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS; SENDS commands

A

motor cortex

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22
Q

sub-part of the cortex: RECEIVES information from skin surface and sense organs

A

sensory cortex

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23
Q

another name for sensory cortex =

A

parietal cortex

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24
Q

each portion of the motor and sensory cortex is specific to a certain ______ ______

A

body part

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25
Q

the face takes up ______ of the cortexes

A

1/3 (lots of brain tissue devoted to FACIAL expression – valuable for communication)

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26
Q

where is the MOTOR cortex located in the brain?

A

rear of frontal lobe

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27
Q

where is the SENSORY cortex located?

A

parietal lobe

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28
Q

it is typical for ________’s brains to have a lot of tissue devoted to facial expression as is it very valuable for COMMUNICATION

A

primates

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29
Q

which body part takes a LARGE portion of the cortexes?

A

tongue

30
Q

what happens to your brain if you have a limb amputated?

A

re-maps that portion of the cortex to control something else

31
Q

the re-mapping of the brain after something in the body/brain is altered is referred to its _________

A

plasticity (very flexible)

32
Q

frontal lobe functions (4):

A
  • abstract thinking / higher cognitive thinking
  • planning
  • social skills
  • personality
33
Q

parietal lobe functions (3):

A
  • touch
  • spacial orientation
  • nonverbal thinking
34
Q

temporal lobe functions (3):

A
  • language
  • hearing
  • visual pattern recognition
35
Q

occipital lobe function (1)

A
  • vision (processing of visual info)
36
Q

Broca’s area functions (2):

A
  • speech PRODUCTION
  • grammar
37
Q

the Broca’s area is a sub-part of which LOBE?

A

frontal lobe

38
Q

Wernicke’s area function (1):

A

speech COMPREHENSION

39
Q

the Wernicke’s area is a sub-part of which LOBE?

A

temporal (near ears)

40
Q

important components of the brain for LANGUAGE =

A

Broca’s (production) + Wernicke’s (comprehnsion) areas

41
Q

a disorder that affects how you communicate

A

aphasia

42
Q

if you had a stroke near the Wernicke’s area, what could happen?

A

aphasia – lose ability to comprehend speech

43
Q

if you had a stroke near the Broca’s area, what could happen?

A

aphasia – lose ability to produce speech

44
Q

which lobe makes humans different from every other animal?

A

frontal lobe

45
Q

the functional MRI scan shows the _______ _______ is active as the subject looks at faces

A

visual cortex

46
Q

the functional MRI scan shows the _____ _____ is active in patients who hallucinate sounds (shows that they’re not lying)

A

auditory cortex

47
Q

parts of the cortex that don’t seem to have a specific function; “uncommitted”

A

association areas

48
Q

more _______ animals have INCREASED “uncommitted” or association areas of the cortex

A

intelligent

49
Q

association areas serve as ________ areas

A

storage (info. gets stored)

50
Q

what kind of information is stored in association areas?

A

1) external stimuli
2) internal thought

51
Q

T/F: memories are stored in specific parts of the brain

A

false (stored randomly in association areas)

52
Q

specifically, the Broca’s area controls speech _________

A

expression

53
Q

the Wernicke’es area interprets speech both _________ and ________

A

visually + auditory

54
Q

Order in which Language is interpreted + produced in the brain (5):

A
  1. visual cortex (receives written words as visual stimulation)
  2. angular gyrus (transforms visual representation into auditory code)
  3. Wernicke’s area (interprets auditory code)
  4. Broca’s area (controls speech muscles via the motor cortex)
  5. Motor cortex (word is pronounced)
55
Q

transforms visual representation into auditory code

A

angular gyrus

56
Q

which part of the brain are active when you HEAR words?

A

auditory cortex + Wernicke’s area

57
Q

which part of the brain are active when you SEE words?

A

visual cortex + angular gyrus

58
Q

which part of the brain are active when you SPEAK words?

A

Broca’s area + motor cortex

59
Q

the Broca’s area and Wernicke’s are typically dominate in WHICH hemisphere?

A

left

60
Q

since the Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas are said to dominate the LEFT hemisphere, language is said to be ___________

A

lateralized (left and right sides of the brain are specialised to attend to different information)

61
Q

connects the L and R hemisphere

A

corpus callosum

62
Q

cutting the corpus callosum is still practiced today in order to reduce what?

A

epileptic seizures

63
Q

how does cutting the corpus callosum prevent epileptic seizures?

A

prevents seizure signals from traveling to the other side of the brain

64
Q

objects to the LEFT are processed on which side of the brain?

A

right side (and vice versa)

65
Q

the _______ ________ shares info between the right and left hemishphere (unless it is cut)

A

corpus callosum

66
Q

with the corpus callosum severed, objects present on the ________ visual field can be NAMED; objects on the ________ visual field CANNOT

A

right; left (cannot)

67
Q

_______ hemisphere controls the LEFT side of the body… and vice versa

A

right

68
Q

for language + SPEAKING, you will only report what the _____ side processed

A

left

69
Q

when pointing + MOVING your LEFT hand to report an answer, you will only report what the _______ hemisphere processed

A

right

70
Q

where the crossover of sight and processing in the brain occurs

A

optic nerve

71
Q

when pointing + MOVING your RIGHT hand to report an answer, you will only report what the _______ hemisphere processed

A

left

Psychology (23 decks)

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