Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology > Lec. 15 (memory encoding) > Flashcards

Lec. 15 (memory encoding) Flashcards

1
Q

the study of behaviorism could explain some forms of learning, but simple _______ could not explain complex activities (like language development)

A

conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

view the mind as an INFORMATION PROCESSOR

A

cognitive psychologists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

seq. process of Information Processing Model for memory (3 steps):

A

encoding –> storage –> retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

step of information processing model: stimuli is transformed into a MENTAL REPRESENTATION; stimuli is represented as a memory code (or type of information)

A

encoding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

types of memory codes (3):

A
  • visual
  • acoustic
  • semantic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

type of memory code: what it MEANS

A

semantic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

encoding is a similar concept to _________ (one kind of info is transformed into another)

A

transduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

step of information processing model: information maintained in memory

A

storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

type of long-term memory (3):

A
  • episodic
  • procedural
  • semantic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

information in memory stored in different ways can determine how well it will be ________

A

remembered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

type of LTM: events

A

episodic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

type of LTM: how to do stuff

A

procedural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

type of LTM: what stuff means

A

semantic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

step of information processing model: recovering information from memory; actually remembering something

A

retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ease of retrieval depends on what 2 things?

A
  • how info was originally encoded + stored
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F: recall and recognition are the same thing

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

recall or recognition: essay exam

A

recall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

recall or recognition: multiple choice test

A

recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

types of Memory (3):

A

1) sensory memory
2) short term memory (working memory))
3) long term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

short term memory is also called what?

A

working memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

information processing model involving the types of memory:

A

1) external events
2) sensory memory
—- attention
3) short term memory
—- encoding
4) long term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

according to the information processing model, if you fail to ENCODE after short term memory, you will ________ and the info. will not end up where?

A

forget; LTM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

type of memory: major function is to hold info. long enough to be processed further (sensory registers); helps us to experience a constant flow of information, even if that flow is interrupted

A

sensory memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

sensory has a very _____ capacity and a very _____ duration

A

high cap; low duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
mental resources are focused on only part of the stimuli around us; remaining sensory memories fade quickly
selective attention
26
T/F: sensory memory has a very high capacity (can register everything you hear or see) but a very short lifespan
true
27
the information in sensory memory decays in ______________
less than one second
28
type of memory: stores limited amounts of information for a limited time
short term memory (STM)
29
STM hold info. for up to __________ unless rehearsed
18 seconds
30
allows us to mentally work with, or manipulate, information being held in STM; also called this
working memory
31
combining smaller units of information into larger units; strategy you can use to improve your STM
chunking
32
________ are another way of chunking information to remember it
acronyms
33
the ______ info. is in STM, the more likely it will be placed in LTM
longer
34
effortful learning usually requires _________ or _________
rehearsal or conscious repitition
35
studied rehearsal by using NONSENSE syllables
Ebbinghaus
36
words that look like words but aren't; single-syllable nonsense
nonsense syllables
37
T/F: the more time the nonsense syllables were practiced on Day 1, the fewer repetitions were required to remember on Day 2.
true
38
type of memory: a relatively LONG-LASTING stage of memory whose capacity to store new information is believed to be UNLIMITED; a relatively deep processing is necessary
long term memory
39
what kind of deep processing is necessary for information to be put into LTM?
semantic (meaning) coding
40
quick rehearsal is good for LTM
false (needs to be ELABORATE rehearsal if anything)
41
information encoded into your memory (LTM specifically) causes _________ changes all over your _________
synaptic; cortex
42
T/F: your memory of info. is specific to certain portions of your brain
false (all over your cortex)
43
2 types of LTM:
1) explicit (declarative) 2) implicit (procedural)
44
type of LTM: with conscious recall; your "what" memories
explicit (declarative
45
type of LTM: without conscious recall; your "how" memories
implicit (procedural)
46
explicit LTM are _______ and implicit are ______
declarative; procedural
47
explicit LTM are processed where?
hippocampus
48
implicit LTM are processed wehre?
in part, by cerebellum
49
what kind of information is included in EXPLICIT memories (2)?
- facts (general knowledge) - personally experienced events
50
what kind of information is included in IMPLICIT memories (2)?
- skills (motor + cognitive) - classical and operant conditioning effects
51
explicit or implicit: state capitals
explicit
52
explicit or implicit: details about your 6th birthday
explicit
53
explicit or implicit: tying your shoes or swinging a golf club
implicit
54
encoding to LTM can either be _______ or _______
automatic or effortful
55
automatic OR effortful processing to LTM: route to school
automatic
56
automatic OR effortful processing to LTM: friend's new cell phone number
effortful
57
new or unusual information requires _______ and ________ to go to your LTM
attention + effort
58
the BULK of information requires ________ processing to go to LTM
effortful
59
T/F: we process an enormous amount of info effortlessly (automatically, without attention)
true!
60
types of AUTOMATIC processing to LTM (3):
1) space/location 2) time 3) frequency
61
type of automatic processing: while reading a textbook, you automatically encode the place of a picture on a page
space/location
62
type of automatic processing: we unintentionally note the events that take place in a day
time
63
type of automatic processing: you effortlessly keep track of things that happen to you
frequency (ex: eye swelling every sinus infection)
64
processing that leads to DURABLE and ACCESSIBLE memories; committing new information to memory requires effort
effortful processing
65
encoding during effortful processing can occur at a _______ or ______ level
DEEP or SHALLOW
66
levels of processing for EFFORTFUL PROCESSING (3):
1. semantic 2. acoustic 3. visual
67
level of processing for effortful processing: DEEPEST form of encoding; virtually guaranteed it will go into LTM
semantic
68
level of processing for effortful processing: how it sounds
acoustic
69
level of processing for effortful processing: how it looks
visual
70
acoustic and visual levels of processing are more so _______ methods and are more ________ than semantic
rehearsal; shallow
71
the more ______ + ______ put into encoding, the better it's remembered
time + effort

Psychology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions