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Psychology > Lec. 18 (intelligence) > Flashcards

Lec. 18 (intelligence) Flashcards

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1
Q

Question that drives a lot of intelligence researchers =

A

do we have an inborn general mental capacity (intelligence)? if so, can we quantify this capacity as a meaningful number?

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2
Q

intelligence (in all cultures) is the combination of what 3 things?

A
  • ability to learn from experience
  • solve problems
  • use our knowledge to adapt to new situations
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3
Q

in research studies, intelligence is whatever the _______ ______ measures

A

intelligence test

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4
Q

intelligence is a ______ ______; not easily defined; don’t know what is is but knows its affects behavior

A

“psychology construct”

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5
Q

not easily observable (like heights or hair color) but may be measurable; is theorized to exist

A

psychology construct

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6
Q

Sternberge say that intelligence includes what 3 things?

A
  • having knowledge
  • efficiently using that knowledge to reason about the world
  • using that reasoning adaptively in different environments
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7
Q

T/F: most ppl agree with what Sternberg says intelligence includes.

A

true

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8
Q

determined if French children doing poorly in school can be identified; given the job to determine what GRADE children should be placed in; came up with the FIRST intelligence test

A

Binet (1904)

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9
Q

Binet’s test is modified by ________

A

Termen

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10
Q

introduced the concept of IQ

A

Termen

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11
Q

IQ (equation) =

A

(mental age / chronological age) x 100

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12
Q

actual age

A

chronological age

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13
Q

IQ stands for _________ ________ and is a _____

A

intelligence quotient; ratio

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14
Q

avg. intelligence score for IQ =

A

100

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15
Q

measures verbal IQ, performance IQ (speed), full scale IQ; can also calcuate factor scores that reflect a person’s cognitive processing speed, working memory, perceptual organization, verbal comprehension; there are issues with it

A

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 3rd edition (WAIS-III)

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16
Q

what all does the WAIS-III measure (3)?

A
  • verbal IQ
  • performance IQ (speed)
  • full scale IQ
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17
Q

what ELSE can WAIS-III reflect about a person (4)?

A
  • cognitive processing speed
  • working memory
  • perceptual organization
  • verbal comprehension
18
Q

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III-R) component: “what part is missing from this picture?”

A

picture completion

19
Q

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III-R) component: “these pictures tell a story, but they are in the wrong order. Put them in the right order so they tell a story.”

A

picture arrangement

20
Q

T/F: the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III-R) is made up of many different tests to measure intelligence

A

true

21
Q

distribution of the IQ scores in the population; get the same graph when you graph a lot of natural phenomenon

A

normal distribution

22
Q

< a score of 70 =

A

mental retardation

23
Q

equal to or > 130 =

A

genius

24
Q

advantages of tests (2):

A
  • tests are STANDARDIZED
  • tests SUMMARIZE the test taker’s performance with a specific number/score
25
Q

advantage of tests: the conditions surrounding the test are as similar as possible for everyone who takes it; said to be “OBJECTIVE” (not subjective)

A

standardized

26
Q

advantage of tests: allows for the calculation of norms, which describe the frequency of particular scores

A

summarization of performance

27
Q

a good test factors what TWO things into it?

A

1) reliability
2) validity

28
Q

refers to the stability of a measurement scale, i.e. how far it will give the same results on separate occasions, and it can be assessed in different ways; stability, internal consistency and equivalence

A

reliability

29
Q

the degree to which a scale measures what it is intended to measure

A

validity

30
Q

reliability =

A

consistency

31
Q

“same results from one time to another” of a test =

A

high reliability

32
Q

“accurate conclusions and predictions” of a test =

A

high validity

33
Q

for teenagers + adults, ________ is HIGH (generally above +.90) and _______ and reasonability good for predicting certain criteria, but is not a perfect measure of how “smart” ppl are (ex: SAT scores are “pretty good” at predicting how you’ll do in college)

A

reliability, validity

34
Q

both _______ and _______ factors interact to influence cognitive abilities

A

genetic + environmental

35
Q

_______ seems to play a slightly bigger part in correlation of IQs between siblings compared to _______

A

genetics; environment

36
Q

2 REASONS why IQs are increasing

A

1) increased access to NUTRITIOUS foods
2) increased access to HEALTHCARE

37
Q

increase in IQs is call the _____ ______

A

Finn Effect

38
Q

whether the gains achieved by preschool enrichment programs last are unknown; their long-term benefits are disputed but the fading effects are probably due more to reduced ________ than loss of ___________

A

motivation; cognitive ability

39
Q

intelligence refers to knowledge acquired through one’s culture including verbal ability and social knowledge; Jeopardy tests this

A

crystallized intelligence

40
Q

abilities needed for abstract reasoning and speeded performance; abilities used to REASON in a situation; related to frontal lobe function

A

fluid intelligence

41
Q

crystallized intelligence _______ as you age and fluid intelligence ________

A

increases; decreases

42
Q

crystallized intelligence refers to ______ ability

A

verbal

Psychology (23 decks)

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