Lab Quiz 2: Digestive System Flashcards
Identification, Function, Location. No processes, no accessory glands.
What is this? Label. What epithelium is “OM” made of? What layer of this structure hosues salivary glands and muscle?
F= Follicle (hair)
M= skeletal muscle (orbicularis oris kissing muscles)
OM= oral mucosa/ lining mucosa. Made of non-keratinized squamous epithelium AND a lamina propria
S= skin (keratinized)
G= glands
V= vermillion middle layer between skin and lining mucosa (submucosa)
The salivary glands and skeletal muscle of the lip is found in the submucosa layer/ vermillion. also has blood vessels.
what papillae is this? What type of epithelium is on the surface? Do they have tastebuds? Primary Function?
FILIFORM PAPILLAE. Most numerous. Has stratefied squamous KERATINIZED epithelium. NO TASTEBUDS. Function: provides a rough surface that assist in mixing food during mechanical digestion.
what papillae is this? What type of epithelium is on the surface? Do they have tastebuds? Primary Function? Where are they found?
FOLIATE PAPILLAE. NON-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Contains tastebuds. Found on the LATERAL EDGES of the tongue primarily seen in children.
what papillae is this? What type of epithelium is on the surface? Do they have tastebuds? Primary Function?
FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE. NON keratinized epithelium. Has a few tastebuds, but not as many as circumvallate. Taste.
Do foliate papillae have serous or mucous glands?
serous.
what papillae is this? What type of epithelium is on the surface? Do they have tastebuds? Location? What kind of glands are associated with this papillae?
CIRCUMVALLATE. Has non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Has majority of tastebuds. Found in the back of the tongue. Associated with Von Ebners Salivary Glands at the clefts/edges of the papillae.
which tissue layer of the papillae hosue the tastebuds?
mucosa layer
How is a tooth anchored to the bone?
by periodontal ligaments made of collagenous sharpey’s fibers. The periodontal ligament connects the cementum (outside of the dentin) to the alveolar bone.
Label
D= dentin
O= odontoblasts on the edge of the dental pulp.
V= vessels found inside the pulp cavity housing the dental pulp.
Label. Find cememtum and periodontal ligaments
P=pulp cavity with dental pulp inside
B= bone
D= Dentin
E= enamel
G= gingival pocket
G= gingivae (gum)
Cementum is between dentin and periodontal ligament, PLs are between cementum and bone. Therefore even though its hard to tell, it goes dentin-cementum-periodontal ligaments-bone.
what tissue is in the pulp cavity of a tooth. What cells give rise to enamel? which cells give rise to dentin
aereolar connective tissue. ameloblasts make enamel, dentin is made by odontoblasts.
HOw can you tell the upper third of the esophagus compared to the cardiac portion of the esophagus
upper third has skeletal muscle (for swallowing) and the bottom third has smooth muscle exclusively, plus cardiac mucous glands.
what layer is the skeletal muscle found in the upper portion of the esophagus?
in the muscularis externa.
what kind of glands are at the bottom portion of the esophagus? What layer on they located in?
esophgeal-Cardiac glands. They are located in the lamina propria (mucosa layer).
what kind of connective tissue forms the submucosa of the esophagus. What kind of mucous glands are found at the top portion of the esophagus?
elastic connective tissue to accommodate swallowing. TUBULAR ESOPHAGUS glands are found at the top portion of the esophagus.
What kind of epithelium is on the top half of the esophagus? Bottom half?
top half= stratified squamous non-keratinized
bottom half= simple columnar (at junction with stomach)
What organ is this? Label
bottom/cardiac portion of esophagus plus the junction with the stomach
SM= smooth muscle
CG= cardiac glands
What organ is this? Label
upper third of esophagus. Muscularis externa has skeletal muscle. Muscosa epithelium made of stratiefied squamous epithelium non keratinized. Contains esophageal glands.
At the gastroesophageal junction, the stratified squamous epithelium stops abruptly and becomes ___ ___ epithelium
simple columnar.
TF: besides the change in epithelium from SS non keratinized to simple cuboidal, all other layers are continuous between the esophagus and the stomach.
True, the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae made with smooht muscle, and submucosa are the same. There are cardiac glands in the stomach of the lamina propria thogh.
What is this? Which side is which?
Gastroesophageal junction. The “holes” in the lamina propria are cardiac glands.
On left= stomach
on right = bottom portion of esophagus.
what are the four regions of the stomach (from esophagus to small intestine)
1) cardia
2) fundus
3) corpus/body
4) pyloris
gastric glands in the stomach produce ___ ___
gastric juice
to accommodate stomach stretching, the walls of the gastric mucosa are folded in to ___ that flatten as the stomach fills
rugae.
mucosal folds on the small intestines visible to human eye
plicae circulares
is the bottom part of the esophagus covered with serosa or adventitia?
serosa. joins the stomach. the top portion is covered with adventitia.
the simple columnar epithelium in the stomach contains __ mucous cells to secrete ___ mucus that coats the mucosa and protects it from the enzymes and acid of gastric juize
SURFACE mucous cells to secrete ALKALINE mucus.
which portion of the stomach has the deepest gastric pits?
pyloric portion
cardiac portion of the stomach contains ___ glands, the fundus portion of stomach contains ____ glands, and the pyloric portion of the stomach contains ___ glands
cardiac portion of the stomach contains CARDIAC glands, the fundus portion of stomach contains GASTRIC glands, and the pyloric portion of the stomach contains PYLORIC glands
What are these two diagrams? What cell/glands are foudn in these tissues?
Left= fundic portion. Contains parietal (Hcl) and cheif (enzyme) cells. Plus mucus secreting gastric cells. has SHORT PITS
Right= cardiac portion of stomach. Contains cardiac glands for mucus production. Contains LONGER GASTRIC PITS, but not as long as pylorus.
What portion of the stomach is this? How can you differentiaite between the pyloric and the cardiac portion of the stomach?
this is the pyloric portion. You can differentiate between the two because the pyloric has a higher PIT to gland ratio. They have LARGER pits and less pyloric glands. The cardiac portion has slightly shorter pits, and the pit to gland ratio is about 1:1
3 regions of the glands of the fundus and body of the stomach
1) isthmus
2) neck
3) body
What region of the stomach is this? Label the picture
Fundic portion of the stomach. Mucous neck cells are hard to distinguish from chief cells (most abundant near base). they secrete pepsin and lipase.
5 cell types found in the fundic portion of the stomach and function
1) mucous neck cells. secrete mucus
2) parietal cells: secretes Hcl and intrinsic factor (abundant in neck region)
3) cheif cells. found in lower portion of lamina propria and muscularis mucosae. secretes pepsinogen and lipase precursor
4) stem cells. Found in isthmus and neck of gastric glands. replaces worn out mucous cells
5) enteroendocrine cells. found throughout GI tract. Secrete hormones into the blood vessels of the lamina propria. ex/ G cells secrete gastrin. stimulates gastric acid secretion.
the glands in the fundus are simple ___ ___
glands are simple branched tubular that
consist of isthmus, neck and base
3 types of simple columnar epithelium cells in the small intestine
1) enterocytes- colomnar cells that produce enterokinases
2) paneth cells - produce lysozymes
3) M cells - assist in the immune response of MALT
purpose of paneth cells. Where are they located?
they produce lysozymes. They are located in the crypts of lieberkuhn of the small intestine
which intestine is this? label.
small intestine
V= villi
E= simple columnar enterocytes.
GC= goblet cells
IV= intervillous spaces
LP= lamina propria
CL= crypts of lieberkuhn
PC= paneth cells (lysozyme secretion)
MM= muscularis mucosae
SM= submucosa
BV= blood vessels.
TF: duodenl villi are longer than jujenum
false. they tend to be shorter and broader.
characteristic glands in the duodenum. What layer are they located in? Purpose?
Brunners glands located in submucosa. Produce alkaline mucus that counteracts the acidity of the chyme entering from the stomach.
Label this portion of the small intestine. Label the different layers of the walls. Where are brunner glands located? is this organ lined with serosa or adventitia?
Duodenum. Brunner glands located in sub mucosa. Intestinal glands are in lamina propria. Lined withs serosa.
What portion of the small intestine is this/
jejunum. There are no peyers patches or brunner glands.
What are peyer’s patches? Where are they located?
aggregations of several dozen lymph follicles in the submucosa on the side of the intestine. Found in Ileum
What is this? characteristic feature?
ileum. Peyers Patches
Purpose of the crypts of lieberkuhn in large intestine
absorption of water.
what specializations does the muscularis mucosae have in large intestine?
normal inner layer, but the outer longitudinal layer is modified to form TAENIA COLI MUSCLES.
TF the entire large intestine’s outer wall is serosa
false. the upper portions of the ascending and descending colon are adventitia.
GALT
gut associated lymphatic tissue.
how can you tell the large intestine from other structures ex/ stomach?
has no villi compared to small intestine. Has tonssss of goblet cells in the epithelium.
the large intestine is lined with ___ cells. For what?
colonocytes. for reabsorption of h2o
label
label
large intestine. you can see that theres not really any villi.
label
Large intestine stained with PAS (mucus stain) to highlight goblet cells in the crypts of lieberkuhn.
label
Appendix. Characteristic lymph nodules. prominent part of GALT.
label
Appendix. Usually has a triangular lumen, this one is unualyl circular. Has less glands, no villi (part of large intestine), and has GALT nodules.
Appendix.
describe the change in epithelium at the rectoanal junction
simple columnar epithelium abruptly changes back to a stratified squamous look.
what is this?
gastroesophageal junction
What junction type is this?
Rectoanal junction
what kind of connective tissue dominates in submucosa of large intestine?
mixture of irregular connective and adipose tissue, numerous blood vessels, and several excellent examples of ganglion cells and nerves of thesubmucosal plexus.
What layer of the digestive cavity wall would you find this structure?
this is auerbachs plexus. The cells of the Auerbach’s (myenteric) plexus are located between the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of the muscularis externa. These nerve cells are the portion of the enteric nervous system responsible for generating peristaltic movements.
