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BIOL-3202 > Lab manual: Male reproductive system > Flashcards

Lab manual: Male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

each testes is covered by a double layer of peritoneum called the ___ ___. what’re the two layers of this peritoneum?

A

tunica vaginalis. there is an OUTER PARIETAL LAYER and a VISCERAL LAYER.

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2
Q

under the tunica vaginalis, the testes are then encapsulated by the ___ ___.

A

tunica albuginea

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3
Q

under the tunica albuginea of the testes is the ___ ___

A

tunica vasculosa, which have fibrous extensions to form septa and divide each testis into lobules.

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4
Q

the seminiferous tubules empty into __ ___, a network of tubules that leads to the __ ___, which carry sperm to the ___.

A

the seminiferous tubules empty into RETE TESTIS a network of tubules that leads to the DUCTULI EFFERENTES, which carry sperm to the EPIDYDIMIS.

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5
Q

in adiditon to the seminiferous tubules, the interior of the testis contains ___ ___ which produce testosterone

A

interstitial cells of LEYDIG

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6
Q

each seminiferous tubule is composed of a thin connective tissue covering called the __ ___, and a relatively thick ___ epithelium with a basal lamina

A

each seminiferous tubule is composed of a thin connective tissue covering called the TUNICA PROPRIA, and a relatively thick GERMINAL epithelium with a basal lamina

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7
Q

contractile ___ ___ are present in the tunica propria of the testes

A

myoid cells

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8
Q

___ ___ comprise the germinal epithelium.

A

sertoli cells.

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9
Q

in males, FSH secreted by the __ ___ gland stimulates ___ cells.

A

FSH secreted by the anterior pituitary gland stimulates sertoli cell activity.

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10
Q

spermatogonia exist in either type ___ or ___. Type ___ divide by ___ to produce __ ___.

A

type a or b. type B divides by MITOSIS to produce PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTES, which are pushed closer to the lume. they have a LOT more cytoplasm compared to type B, and they have condensed chromatin in the nucleus.

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11
Q

primary spermatocytes undergo the first ___ dividuon to produce ___ ___.

A

first MEIOTIC division to produCe SECONDARY SPERMATOCYTES, which are difficult to find because they immediately undergo the second meiotic division and produce haploid spermatids.

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12
Q

spermatocytes undergo ___ to produce ___ spermatids

A

undergo the second meiotic division to produce haploid spermatids

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13
Q

what is spermiogenesis

A

when spermatids mature into typical sperm cells

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14
Q

3 characteristics of a spermatid turning into a sperm cell

A

1) acrosome formation 2) loss of cytoplasm. forms a residual body and gets engulfed by the sertoli cell 3) flagellum projecting into lumen

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15
Q

when in the female reproductive tract, the sperm must undergo ____

A

capacitation

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16
Q

purpose of the acrosome

A

located wtihin the head of the sperm cell and holds enzymes necessary to penetrate the corona radiata and zona pellucida of the ovum.

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17
Q

function of sertoli cell. how do they do this?

A

provide nourishment and support for spermatids during their developments.

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18
Q

outline the exocrine and endocrine secretions from the sertoli cell

A

exocine: androgen binding protein is secreted, which sequesters testosterone to maintain an environment favorable to sperm development - nourishment for sperm cells also secreted endocrine: inhibin secretion: inhbitis FSH

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19
Q

interstitial cell activity is under the control of ___ ___ from the anterior pituitary, and sertoli cells are regulated by __ and __

A

interstitial cell activity is under the control of LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the anterior pituitary, and sertoli cells are regulated by FSH and TESTOSTERONE

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20
Q

sperm in the seminiferous tubules are propelled to the ___ __ (straight tubuli) and then the __ ___.

A

TUBULI RECTI AND THEN THE RETE TESTIS

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21
Q

which two tubules form the intratesticular ducts

A

the tubuli recti (straight tubules) and the rete testis. they are considered to be intratesticular because they are actually enclosed within the testes.

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22
Q

straight tubules are lined with __- cells

A

sertoli

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23
Q

rete testes are lined with __ __ cells

A

simple cuboidal. some have sparse microvilli and each has a single cilium that propels the sperm and fluid.

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24
Q

rete testes are found in the __ of the testes

A

mediastinum

25
Q

extratesticular genital ducts

A

efferent ductules and epididymis.

26
Q

what kind of epithelium line the efferent ductules (ductuli eferentes)

A

simple ciliated columnar epithelium alternating with s a simple non cilitated cuboidal epithelium. gives a scalloped appearance

27
Q

the efferent ductules enter the head and deliver sperm to the duct of the ____. What is this duct lined with? what cell specializations are here?

A

duct of the epididymis. lined with pseudostratified epithelium composed of basal cells and taller principal cells. the pseudostratified columnar epithelium contains stereo cilia.

28
Q

main dunction of the epididymis

A

storage and maturation of sperm cells.

29
Q

the ductus ____ carries sperm from each epididymis to the urethra

A

ductus deferens (vas deferens)

30
Q

the terminal portion of the vas deferens is known as the ____. what does it do?

A

known as the ampulla. joins with seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct within the prostate gland.

31
Q

the ejaculatory duct (made with ampulla of vas deferens and seminal vesicle ducts) empties into the ___ ___

A

PROSTATIC URETHRA

32
Q

3 LAYERS OF THE VAS DEFERENS. what epithelium lines the mucosa

A

1) mucosa. lined with PSCC with occasional stereocilia. the lamina propria has elastic fibers. 2) muscularis: 3 layers (inner long, circ, outer long ). 3) adventitia: loose connective tissue.

33
Q

3 portions of the urethra

A

1) prostatic 2) membranous 3) spongy (penile urethra)

34
Q

the prostatic urethra is lined with ___ epithelium

A

transitional

35
Q

the membranous urethra is lined with ___ epi

A

stratified columnar epithelium. this segment is the site of the external urinary sphincter.

36
Q

the spongy urethra is lined with ____ and ___ ___ epitherlium and is found within the ___ ___ of the penis.

A

the spongy urethra is lined with PSCC and stratified squamous epithelium (at the external urethral orifice) and is found within the CORPUS SPONGIOSUM of the penis.

37
Q

3 cylindrical bodies of erectile tissues in the penis

A

1) corpora cavernosa (x2) 2) corpus spongiosum.

38
Q

a fibrous connective tissue layer called the ___ __ surrounds each cavernous body tissue of the penis

A

tunica albuginea.

39
Q

during an erection, the spaces in the erectile tissues of the penis fill with blood from ___ ___

A

helicine arteries.

40
Q

seminal vesicles secrete ___ and ____

A

fructose and prostaglandins

41
Q

the mucosa of seminal vesicle is lined with ___

A

pseudostratified epithelium

42
Q

the muscularis of seminal vesicles contains:

A

inner circ and outer long

43
Q

the seminal vesicle is covered by

A

adventitia.

44
Q

functioning of the seminal vesicle is ____ dependent

A

testosterone

45
Q

the prostate gland produces ___

A

alkaline secretions meant to counteract the acidic environment of the vagina

46
Q

the ___ of the prostate contains ___ ___ and forms the stroma

A

the CAPSULE of the prostate contains SMOOTH MUSCLE and forms the stroma

47
Q

3 types of glands in the prostate and their location

A

1) mucosal glands: found in transitional zone next to urethra 2) submucosal glands: central zone 3) main glands: peripheral zone. thickest layer.

48
Q

what can you find inside the glands of the prostate that indicate age?

A

prostatic concretions are often found inside the glands.

49
Q

bulbourethral gland function

A

lubricate the urethra

50
Q

label

A

testis

51
Q

label

A

seminiferous tubule

52
Q

the portions labeled on this picture is known as the

A

intratesticular genital duct system

53
Q

what is this

A

efferent ductules. they flow into the head of the epididymis. see how they are a mixture of a ciliated columnar and non ciliated cuboidal cells, giving it a scalloped surface.

54
Q

what is this

A

epididymis. contains pseudostratified columnar epithelium. some of the cells have stereocilia. smooth muscle is also found in the ducts wall.

55
Q

what is this

A

ductus (vas) deferens. consists of pseudostratigied epithelium and a lamina propria. has a very muscular wall (inner long, inner circ, outer long, outer circ). also has some stereocilia.

56
Q

label

A
57
Q

What is this. what does the muscularis layer look like

A

seminal vesicle. muscularis conssits of INNER CIRC and OUTER LONG smooth muscle. Lining made of simple columnar epithlium

58
Q

what is this

A

prostate gland. the glands are lined with simple columnar epithelium, but the prostatic urethra is lined with transitional epithelium

BIOL-3202 (41 decks)

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