Lab manual: Male reproductive system Flashcards
each testes is covered by a double layer of peritoneum called the ___ ___. what’re the two layers of this peritoneum?
tunica vaginalis. there is an OUTER PARIETAL LAYER and a VISCERAL LAYER.
under the tunica vaginalis, the testes are then encapsulated by the ___ ___.
tunica albuginea
under the tunica albuginea of the testes is the ___ ___
tunica vasculosa, which have fibrous extensions to form septa and divide each testis into lobules.
the seminiferous tubules empty into __ ___, a network of tubules that leads to the __ ___, which carry sperm to the ___.
the seminiferous tubules empty into RETE TESTIS a network of tubules that leads to the DUCTULI EFFERENTES, which carry sperm to the EPIDYDIMIS.
in adiditon to the seminiferous tubules, the interior of the testis contains ___ ___ which produce testosterone
interstitial cells of LEYDIG
each seminiferous tubule is composed of a thin connective tissue covering called the __ ___, and a relatively thick ___ epithelium with a basal lamina
each seminiferous tubule is composed of a thin connective tissue covering called the TUNICA PROPRIA, and a relatively thick GERMINAL epithelium with a basal lamina
contractile ___ ___ are present in the tunica propria of the testes
myoid cells
___ ___ comprise the germinal epithelium.
sertoli cells.
in males, FSH secreted by the __ ___ gland stimulates ___ cells.
FSH secreted by the anterior pituitary gland stimulates sertoli cell activity.
spermatogonia exist in either type ___ or ___. Type ___ divide by ___ to produce __ ___.
type a or b. type B divides by MITOSIS to produce PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTES, which are pushed closer to the lume. they have a LOT more cytoplasm compared to type B, and they have condensed chromatin in the nucleus.
primary spermatocytes undergo the first ___ dividuon to produce ___ ___.
first MEIOTIC division to produCe SECONDARY SPERMATOCYTES, which are difficult to find because they immediately undergo the second meiotic division and produce haploid spermatids.
spermatocytes undergo ___ to produce ___ spermatids
undergo the second meiotic division to produce haploid spermatids
what is spermiogenesis
when spermatids mature into typical sperm cells
3 characteristics of a spermatid turning into a sperm cell
1) acrosome formation 2) loss of cytoplasm. forms a residual body and gets engulfed by the sertoli cell 3) flagellum projecting into lumen
when in the female reproductive tract, the sperm must undergo ____
capacitation
purpose of the acrosome
located wtihin the head of the sperm cell and holds enzymes necessary to penetrate the corona radiata and zona pellucida of the ovum.
function of sertoli cell. how do they do this?
provide nourishment and support for spermatids during their developments.
outline the exocrine and endocrine secretions from the sertoli cell
exocine: androgen binding protein is secreted, which sequesters testosterone to maintain an environment favorable to sperm development - nourishment for sperm cells also secreted endocrine: inhibin secretion: inhbitis FSH
interstitial cell activity is under the control of ___ ___ from the anterior pituitary, and sertoli cells are regulated by __ and __
interstitial cell activity is under the control of LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the anterior pituitary, and sertoli cells are regulated by FSH and TESTOSTERONE
sperm in the seminiferous tubules are propelled to the ___ __ (straight tubuli) and then the __ ___.
TUBULI RECTI AND THEN THE RETE TESTIS
which two tubules form the intratesticular ducts
the tubuli recti (straight tubules) and the rete testis. they are considered to be intratesticular because they are actually enclosed within the testes.
straight tubules are lined with __- cells
sertoli
rete testes are lined with __ __ cells
simple cuboidal. some have sparse microvilli and each has a single cilium that propels the sperm and fluid.
rete testes are found in the __ of the testes
mediastinum
extratesticular genital ducts
efferent ductules and epididymis.
what kind of epithelium line the efferent ductules (ductuli eferentes)
simple ciliated columnar epithelium alternating with s a simple non cilitated cuboidal epithelium. gives a scalloped appearance
the efferent ductules enter the head and deliver sperm to the duct of the ____. What is this duct lined with? what cell specializations are here?
duct of the epididymis. lined with pseudostratified epithelium composed of basal cells and taller principal cells. the pseudostratified columnar epithelium contains stereo cilia.
main dunction of the epididymis
storage and maturation of sperm cells.
the ductus ____ carries sperm from each epididymis to the urethra
ductus deferens (vas deferens)
the terminal portion of the vas deferens is known as the ____. what does it do?
known as the ampulla. joins with seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct within the prostate gland.
the ejaculatory duct (made with ampulla of vas deferens and seminal vesicle ducts) empties into the ___ ___
PROSTATIC URETHRA
3 LAYERS OF THE VAS DEFERENS. what epithelium lines the mucosa
1) mucosa. lined with PSCC with occasional stereocilia. the lamina propria has elastic fibers. 2) muscularis: 3 layers (inner long, circ, outer long ). 3) adventitia: loose connective tissue.
3 portions of the urethra
1) prostatic 2) membranous 3) spongy (penile urethra)
the prostatic urethra is lined with ___ epithelium
transitional
the membranous urethra is lined with ___ epi
stratified columnar epithelium. this segment is the site of the external urinary sphincter.
the spongy urethra is lined with ____ and ___ ___ epitherlium and is found within the ___ ___ of the penis.
the spongy urethra is lined with PSCC and stratified squamous epithelium (at the external urethral orifice) and is found within the CORPUS SPONGIOSUM of the penis.
3 cylindrical bodies of erectile tissues in the penis
1) corpora cavernosa (x2) 2) corpus spongiosum.
a fibrous connective tissue layer called the ___ __ surrounds each cavernous body tissue of the penis
tunica albuginea.
during an erection, the spaces in the erectile tissues of the penis fill with blood from ___ ___
helicine arteries.
seminal vesicles secrete ___ and ____
fructose and prostaglandins
the mucosa of seminal vesicle is lined with ___
pseudostratified epithelium
the muscularis of seminal vesicles contains:
inner circ and outer long
the seminal vesicle is covered by
adventitia.
functioning of the seminal vesicle is ____ dependent
testosterone
the prostate gland produces ___
alkaline secretions meant to counteract the acidic environment of the vagina
the ___ of the prostate contains ___ ___ and forms the stroma
the CAPSULE of the prostate contains SMOOTH MUSCLE and forms the stroma
3 types of glands in the prostate and their location
1) mucosal glands: found in transitional zone next to urethra 2) submucosal glands: central zone 3) main glands: peripheral zone. thickest layer.
what can you find inside the glands of the prostate that indicate age?
prostatic concretions are often found inside the glands.
bulbourethral gland function
lubricate the urethra
label
testis
label
seminiferous tubule
the portions labeled on this picture is known as the
intratesticular genital duct system
what is this
efferent ductules. they flow into the head of the epididymis. see how they are a mixture of a ciliated columnar and non ciliated cuboidal cells, giving it a scalloped surface.
what is this
epididymis. contains pseudostratified columnar epithelium. some of the cells have stereocilia. smooth muscle is also found in the ducts wall.
what is this
ductus (vas) deferens. consists of pseudostratigied epithelium and a lamina propria. has a very muscular wall (inner long, inner circ, outer long, outer circ). also has some stereocilia.
label
What is this. what does the muscularis layer look like
seminal vesicle. muscularis conssits of INNER CIRC and OUTER LONG smooth muscle. Lining made of simple columnar epithlium
what is this
prostate gland. the glands are lined with simple columnar epithelium, but the prostatic urethra is lined with transitional epithelium
