Connective Tissue 3

Question 1

T/F: bone is vascularized

Answer 1

true

Question 2

outline the organic and inorganic components of bone matrix

Answer 2

organic: collagen type 1, proteoglycans, glycoproteins
inorganic: calcium and phosphate

Question 3

functions of bone

Answer 3

1) support the body
2) attach to tendons and ligaments
3) organ protection
4) blood forming tissue (red bone marrow)
5) fat storage and medullary cavity
6) mineral resevoir
7) act as levers when muscles contract to move body

Question 4

axial components of skeleton

Answer 4

skull, rib cage, spinal cord

Question 5

appendicular skeleton components

Answer 5

limb bones

Question 6

middle of long bone is known as

Answer 6

diaphysis

Question 7

ends of bones are known as

Answer 7

epiphysis

Question 8

portion of bone connecting diaphysis and epiphysis

Answer 8

metaphysis

Question 9

2 main types of bone tissue seen

Answer 9

1) compact

2) sponge/cancellous/trabecullar

Question 10

2 membranes of the bone and characterization

Answer 10

1) periosterum made of dense ireegular CT (like perichondrium). covers bone except at joint surfaces.
2) endosteum. lines the interior of the bone. very thin dense irregular CT. also associated with osteoprogenitor cells.

Question 11

HOw is periosteum membrane connected to the bone?

Answer 11

via Sharpey fibers, collagen bundles.

Question 12

2 layers of the periosteum

Answer 12

1) fibrous layer

2) cellular/osteogenic layer that contains osteoprogenitor cells

Question 13

which portion of the long bone houses the medullar cavity? what is inside the medullary cavity?

Answer 13

diaphysis houses the medullar cavity which contains yellow bone marrow (fat storage)

Question 14

Compact bone is composed of ___ (____ systems)

Answer 14

compact bone is composed of osteons aka HAVERSIAN SYSTEMS

Question 15

osteocytes are found in ___ cavities which are arranged in circles ( ____ ) around a central canal with blood vessels and nerves ( ____ canal)

Answer 15

osteocytes are found in LACUNAE_ cavities which are arranged in circles ( LAMELLAE ) around a central canal with blood vessels and nerves ( HAVERSIAN canal)

Question 16

lacunae cavities that house the osteocytes are connected to each other and to the central canal by ______.

Answer 16

canalculi. Nutrients and waste materials diffuse through the canal systems between blood vessels in the central canal and the bone cells.

Question 17

neighboring haversian canals are linked via ____ canals

Answer 17

volkmann’s canals

Question 18

what are interstitial lamellae?

Answer 18

former haversian systems remaining as a result of growth and remodelling.

Question 19

Remodeling is a continuous process that involves the coordinated activity of ____ and ___, and is responsible for adaptation of bone to changes in stress, especially during the body’s growth.

Answer 19

. Remodeling is a continuous process that involves the coordinated activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and is responsible for adaptation of bone to changes in stress, especially during the body’s growth.

Question 20

4 types of bone cells

Answer 20

1) osteoprogenitor cells - develops into osteoblast
2) osteoblast - forms bone matrix
3) osteocyte- maintains bone tissue
4) osteoclast - breakdown bone

Question 21

osteoprogenitor cells develop from ____ cells. Where are they found?

Answer 21

develop from mesenchymal cells. found in bone membranes (endosteum and periosteum). differentiate into osteoblasts

Question 22

location of osteoblasts. Function. What do they mature into and when?

Answer 22

location: along bone surfaces
function: synthesis of organic components of the matrix (collagen 1)
matures into an osteocyte when it gets enveloped in the osteoid it produced (made of collagen)

Question 23

function of osteocytes. characteristic feature?

Answer 23

to maintain surrounding matrix, which was formed by the osteoblast.

feature: has many cytoplasmic extensions that lie in the CANALCULI.

Question 24

____ are phagocytic cells that erode bone. Surrounded by ___ lacunae and are involved in bone resorption

Answer 24

osteoclasts. surrounded by HOWSHIP lacunae.