Lab Manual: Female Reproductive system

Question 1

the bulk of the ovary is divided into the ___ and ___

Answer 1

cellular CORTEX and the MEDULLA made of loose connective tissue.

Question 2

the ovary medulla is made of ___ ___ CT. Main cells of the medulla

Answer 2

loose fibrous connective tissue. main cells in the medulla are HILUS cells : produces androgens.

Question 3

ovarian follicles develop within the ___

Answer 3

cortex.

Question 4

each ovarian follicle is surrounded by a ____ made of connective tissue.

Answer 4

STROMA

Question 5

the embryonic ovarian cortex becomes populated by ____ germ cells, which form ____ follicles

Answer 5

PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS, which form PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES.

Question 6

not all the primordial follicles go onto further development. some of them die in a process called ___

Answer 6

atresia

Question 7

inside the primordial follicles, there are ___ ___ and are suspended in ____ of meiosis 1 until they continue development just prior to ovulation

Answer 7

PRIMARY OOCYTES and are suspended in PROPHASE 1

Question 8

primordial follicles and their primary oocytes stay in a constant state until puberty, in which they begin to develop in response to ____

Answer 8

FSH.

Question 9

as the primary oocyte matures, follicle cells begin to form ____ cells, and they form the ____ ___ ___

Answer 9

as the primary oocyte matures, follicle cells begin to form GRANULOSA cells, and they form the multilaminar PRIMARY FOLLICLE.

Question 10

during the formation of the primary follicle, a ___ ___ forms between primary oocyte and the granulosa cells. In the stroma, the ___ ___ and ___ __ also begin to develop

Answer 10

ZONA PELLUCIDA. in the stroma, the theca interna and theca externa also develop.

Question 11

what is the purpose of the theca interna and granulosa cells during ovulation

Answer 11

produce the hormoneestrogen.

Question 12

development of a primary follicle into a secondary follicle involves the formation of a space called the ___. the __ ___ also forms ontop of the granulosa cells

Answer 12

development of a primary follicle into a secondary follicle involves the formation of a space called the ANTRUM. the CUMULUS OOPHOROUS also forms ontop of the granulosa cells

Question 13

the layer of cells surrounding the oocyte, which will be ovulated with it, is called the ___ ___

Answer 13

corona radiata.

Question 14

the secondary follicle becomes a ____ follicle.

Answer 14

graafian

Question 15

purpose of FSH

Answer 15

to simulate growth and development of the ovarian follicles

Question 16

purpose of luteinizing hormong

Answer 16

to stimulate ovulation, and is necessary for development of the corpus luteum.

Question 17

just before ovulation, the primary oocyte completes the first meiotic division to form a secondary oocyte and the ___ ___ ___

Answer 17

first polar body. the secondary oocyte begins the second meiotic division and stops at metaphase 2 unless fertilized.

Question 18

after ovulation, under the influence of LH, follicle cells remaining in the ovary form the __ ___. which follicle cells are involved?

Answer 18

corpus luteum. Granulosa cells form granulosa lutein cells, which secrete progesterone theca interna cells form the theca lutein cells, which secrete estrogen precurors.

Question 19

if fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteim becomes ___. what happens if fertilization of the oocyte occurs?

Answer 19

becomes corpus albicans. if fertilization occurs, it becomes the corpus luteum of pregnancy, and HCG causes the corpus luteum to enlarge and continue to supply estrogen and progesterone necessary to maintain the pregnancy.

Question 20

three portions of the fallopian tube

Answer 20

1) infundibulum 2) ampulla 3) isthmus

Question 21

3 layers of the uterine tubes

Answer 21

1) mucosa 2) muscularis 3) serosa.

Question 22

two cells of the mucosa of the fallopian tube

Answer 22

1) ciliated cells. sweeps oocyte towards uterus 2) nonciliated secretory cells. nourishes sperm and oocyte and assists in sperm capacitation.

Question 23

two layers of muscularis in the fallopian tube

Answer 23

1) inner circular 2) outer longitudinal. helps move the oocyte to uterus

Question 24

the entire uterine tube is covered with ___

Answer 24

serosa

Question 25

3 major layers of the uterus

Answer 25

1) endometrium 2)myometrium 3) perimetrium

Question 26

the ____ is the site of blastocyst implantation

Answer 26

endometrium

Question 27

the endometirum is lined with ___ ___ epithelium overlying a ___. It also contains ___ ___ that secretes glycogen.

Answer 27

the endometirum is lined with SIMPLE COLUMNAR epithelium overlying a STROMA. It also contains UTERINE GLANDS that secretes glycogen.

Question 28

what occurs during the proliferative phase

Answer 28

uterine glands elongate. stroma gets thicker and more vascular.

Question 29

what happens during the luteal phase

Answer 29

occurs after ovulation. endometrium is maintained by progesterone

Question 30

3 layers of the endometrium. which get shed during menstruation?

Answer 30

1) stratus basalis (near myometrium) 2) stratum spongiosum 3) stratum compactum. layers 2 and 3 are known as the stratum functionalis and gets shed

Question 31

stratum basalis of the endometrium is supplied with blood by ___ ____, where as the stratum functionalis is suppled by ___ ____.

Answer 31

stratum basalis of the endometrium is supplied with blood by STRAIGHT ARTERIES, where as the stratum functionalis is suppled by SPIRAL ARTERIES.

Question 32

the myometrium contain ___ muscle layers

Answer 32

3 layers 1) inner long 2) spiral layer 3) outer long.

Question 33

the fundus and body of the uterus is covered with ____, and the remainder is covered with ____

Answer 33

the fundus and body of the uterus is covered with SEROSA, and the remainder is covered with ADVENTITIA

Question 34

the cervix contains ____ glands which secrete mucus

Answer 34

endocervical glands whch secretes mucus. Mucus composition differs according to cycle.

Question 35

the vagina is lined with ___ ___ __ epithelium

Answer 35

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 36

two layers of muscle found in the vagina

Answer 36

1) inner circular 2) outer longitudinal

Question 37

mammary glands are ___ ___

Answer 37

compound tubuloacinar

Question 38

lobes of the mammary glands lead to a ___ ___, which drains the gland to a ___ ___, which leads to a nipple.

Answer 38

lobes of the mammary glands lead to a LACTIFEROUS DUCT, which drains the gland to a LACTIFEROUS SINUS, which leads to a nipple.

Question 39

mammary glands are surrounded by

Answer 39

alveoli

Question 40

during pregnancy, the mammary glands branch and grow into ___, composed of ___ ___ epithelium and surrounded by ____ cells.

Answer 40

during pregnancy, the mammary glands branch and grow into ALVEOLI, composed of SIMPLE COLUMNAR epithelium and surrounded by MYOEPITHELIAL cells.

Question 41

release of milk is under the influence of ____

Answer 41

oxytocin.

Question 42

if fertilization occurs, the zygote becomes a ____< which becomes a ____. this ___ has two layers:

Answer 42

if fertilization occurs, the zygote becomes a MORULA which becomes a BLASTOCYST. this BLASTOCYST has two layers: 1) trophoblast– helps create placenta. 2) embryoblast – embryo portion

Question 43

chorionic villi anchor the embryo to the __ ___ of the placenta

Answer 43

decidua basalis

Question 44

this structure is covered with ___ epithelium overlying a connective tissue __ ___

Answer 44

OVARY. covered with germinal epithelium on top of TUNICA ALBUGINEA

Question 45

label

Answer 45

Question 46

what stage is this follicle

Answer 46

primary follicle

Question 47

what stage is this follicle at

Answer 47

primary multilaminar follicle

Question 48

what stage is this follicle at? label

Answer 48

graafian mature follicle

Question 49

what is this

Answer 49

corpus luteum

Question 50

what is this

Answer 50

corpus albicans

Question 51

what is this? What two epithelial cells are found here?

Answer 51

fallopian tubes

ciliated epithelial cells and peg cells.

Question 52

what portion of the fallopian tube does fertilization occur?

Answer 52

ampulla

Question 53

label

Answer 53

uterus

Question 54

what phase is this uterus is

Answer 54

secretory. note the coiled glands

Question 55

what phase is this uterus in

Answer 55

proliferative. the uterine glands are more straight

Question 56

what phase is this uterus in

Answer 56

menstrual phase

Question 57

what is this

Answer 57

vagina. note stratified squamous epithelium

Question 58

what gland is this? what state is it in?

Answer 58

mammary gland inactive

Question 59

what gland is this? what state is it in?

Answer 59

mammary gland, active

Question 60

what is this? label

Answer 60

umbilical cord