Digestive Accessory Glands 1 Flashcards
the connective tissue capsule entends into the liver as ___
septa. these create the hepatic lobules.
what is the basic functional unit of the liver organ
hepatic lobule.
What is this? Label
Hepatic Portal Triad.
what type of connective tissue makes up the capsule of the liver
dense irregular fibrous connective tissue.
how are hepatocytes arranged?
radially around a central blood vessel.
the corner of each hepatic lobule contains a ___ ___ ___. What are the components?
a PORTAL HEPATIC TRIAD. there are three components:
1) heaptic portal vein branch
2) branch of hepatic artery (from descending aorta)
3) bile duct (produced by hepatocytes)
in the center of a hepatic lobule is a central ___. these central ___ unite to form a ____ vein.
central vein. central veins unite to form a hepatic vein.
blood flows from ____ area, through ___, to central ___
blood flows from PORTAL AREA, through SINUSOIDS to central vein.
label.difference between human and pig liver?
this is a hepatic lobule. the heaptic units of humans have much less connective tissue and their boundaries are more difficult to distinguish.
C= central vein
D= bile duct
V= PORTAL vein branch
A= heaptic artery branch.
Sinusoids deliver blood from both heaptic ___ ___ and heaptic ___ to ____.
►Sinusoids deliver blood from both hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery to hepatocytes.
specialized epithelial cells that are organized radially in liver
hepatocytes
Specialized cells of the sinusoids
1) kupffer cells: phagocytic cells; breaks down aged erythrocytes and removes bacteria and other decris entering from the GI tract
2) Ito cells; stores lipid droplets with vitamin A. Produces ECM components. CANNOT SEE THEM ON THE SLIDES.
what is this? Label.
Hepatic sinusoids. Nutrient—rich blood from the portal vein and oxygen—rich blood from the arteriole mix in the sinusoids running between the plates of hepatocytes from the portal areas to the central venules. Molecules in the blood are processed mainly by the hepatocytes, but other cells in or near the sinusoids are also important. Specialized macrophages, often called Kupffer cells. (a): Seen as black cells in a liver lobule from a rat injected with particulate India ink. X200. H&E.
(b): Macrophages (M) are seen in the sinusoid (S) They are larger than the flattened endothelial cells (E). Note fibroblastic fat—storing cells (F), or Ito cells. These cells are numerous but are difficult to demonstrate in routine histological preparations. X750. PT.
difference between hepatic portal vein and hepatic vein
hepatic portal vein delivers blood TO the liver
hepatic vein DRAINS the blood.
sinusoids are lined with ____ cells. Explain how plasma seeps out of sinusoid spaces to the hepatocytes.
ENDOTHELIAL cells make a holed wall in the sinusoid. Plasma seeps out of the sinusoids, through the endothelial wall holes, and into the space of Disse, which allows for exchanges between hepatocytes and plasma
How are bile canaliculi formed?
formed inbetween adjacent hepatocytes by cell membranes.
what types of junctions are found in between hepatocytes
1) gap junctions
2) tight junctions
What cell modifications may be found on the hepatocytes that line the perisinusoidal space of dissi?
microvilli.
the gall bladder receives bile from the liver via the __ ___ ___ via the ___ duct. once in the gall baldder, bile is concentrated and stored until it is needed.
the gall bladder receives bile from the liver via the COMMON HEPATIC DUCT via the CYSTIC duct. once in the gall baldder, bile is concentrated and stored until it is needed.
What is this?
the gall bladder. you can tell that it is the gall bladder because the lamina propria layer is resting directly on a THICK muscularis externa layer. there is no submucosa with connective tissue. there is also a very thick adventitia.
Outline the endocrine and exocrine portions of the pancrease
endocrine: produces hormones involved in blood glucose regulation, consists of the islets of langerhans.
exocrine: produces a mixture of digestive enzmes (pancreatic juice) that are secreted into lumen of duodenum bia PANCREACTIC DUCT.
Label the acini, islets, and a duct.
this is a pancreas
Each secretory acini is drained by an ___ ___, with its initial cells, the ____ cells, inserted in to the lumen of the acinar cells. Outline how the contents of the acini move into the duodenum
Each secretory acini is drained by an INTERCALATED DUCT, with its initial cells, the CENTROACINAR cells, inserted in to the lumen of the acinar cells. Under the influence of secretin, the centroacinar and other cells of these small ducts secrete a copious HCO3− — rich fluid that hydrates and alkalinizes the enzymatic secretions of the acinar cells.
the centroacinar and secretory acini contents empty into the intercalated duct, which empties into the intRAlobar duct, which in turn empty into intERlobar ducts located within the glands septa. Eventrually, the pancreatic juice leaves the pancreas to the duodenum via the MAIN pancreatic duct.
Name
Pancreas- the exocrine system
