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Bio 241: Animal Biology > Lab: Bird Anatomy > Flashcards

Lab: Bird Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of #1? Function?

A

Feathers; camouflage, waterproofing, insulation, attracts a mate, lifting and steering during flight

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2
Q

What is the function of #2? Function?

A

Filoplumes; hair-like feathers for decorative and sensory functions

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3
Q

What is the function of #3? Function?

A

Rectrices; tail feathers used for steering

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4
Q

What is the function of #4? Function?

A

Body Contour Feathers; cover & insulate body

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5
Q

What is the function of #5? Function?

A

Primary Feathers; main feather type used in flight

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6
Q

What is the function of #6? Function?

A

Secondary Feathers; main feathers used in flight

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7
Q

What is the function of #7? Function?

A

Tertiary feathers; main feathers used in flight

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8
Q

What is the function of #8? Function?

A

Coverts; shorter feathers covering edge of wing for smoothing air as it travels over wing.

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9
Q

What is the function of #9? Function?

A

Pygostyle; muscular caudal region of birds torso for feather attachment

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10
Q

What is the function of #10? Function?

A

Uropygial Gland; produces oil, fatty acids, and wax for waterproofing

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11
Q

What is the function of #11? Function?

A

Head; houses sensory organs

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12
Q

What is the function of #12? Function?

A

Eyes; receive and interpret visual stimuli

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13
Q

What is the function of #13? Function?

A

Ear; recognize distinctions in pitch, tone, and rythym

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14
Q

What is the function of #14? Function?

A

Bill; contain mandible and maxillae

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15
Q

What is the function of #15? Function?

A

Maxilla; upper jaw bone for food manipulation

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16
Q

What is the function of #16? Function?

A

Mandible; lower jaw bone for food manipulation

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17
Q

What is the function of #17? Function?

A

Rhamphotheca; outer sheath of mandibles composed of keratin

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18
Q

What is the function of #18? Function?

A

Nares; entrance to respiratory system

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19
Q

What is the function of #19? Function?

A

Operculum; keeps water out of nares or retains water. Filters out dust and pollen

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20
Q

What is the function of #20? Function?

A

Tongue; ensures food goes down the esophagus

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21
Q

What is the function of #21? Function?

A

Glottis; opening to respiratory system

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22
Q

What is the function of #22? Function?

A

Choanal Slit; provides connection btw trachea & nares

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23
Q

What is the function of #23? Function?

A

Anisodactyl Toes (P) ; allows for perching

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24
Q

What is the function of #24? Function?

A

Webbed Feet (G) ; Eases walking on sand and swimming in water

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25
Q

What is the function of #25? Function?

A

Cloaca/vent; common exit for digestive and excretory waste; exit for eggs

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26
Q

What is the function of #26? Function?

A

Cervical Vertebrae (13-25); allows flexibility for bending and moving head to groom

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27
Q

What is the function of #27? Function?

A

Furcula; fused to collarbone (wishbone) absorbs stress of flying

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28
Q

What is the function of #28? Function?

A

Coracoid Bone; leads from head of humerus to breastbone; unique to birds

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29
Q

What is the function of #29? Function?

A

Humerus; comprises wing, helps withstand pectoral muscles pull during flight

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30
Q

What is the function of #30? Function?

A

Sternum/keel; breastbone of birds

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31
Q

What is the function of #31? Function?

A

Scapula; shoulder blade

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32
Q

What is the function of #32? Function?

A

Pectoral Girdle; provides points of attachment for muscles

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33
Q

What is the function of #33? Function?

A

Pectoralis Major; powers flight by elevating & depressing wing

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34
Q

What is the function of #34? Function?

A

Pelvic Girdle; Composed of ileum, ischium, and pubis

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35
Q

What is the function of #35? Function?

A

Innominate Bone; fusion of ileum, ischium, and pubis

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36
Q

What is the function of #36? Function?

A

Synsacrum; Fuses with Innominate Bone to make pelvic girdle a single bone

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37
Q

What is the function of #37? Function?

A

Femur; thigh bone, comprises upper leg

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38
Q

What is the function of #38? Function? (Gull only)

A

Salt Gland; removes excess salt from diet and secretes it through nasal ducts

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39
Q

What is the function of #39? Function?

A

Esophagus; food travels down to stomach via peristalsis

40
Q

What is the function of #40? Function?

A

Crop; temporarily stores food before stomach

41
Q

What is the function of #41? Function?

A

Proventriculus; secretes mucus, acids, and enzymes to soften food (1/2 of stomach)

42
Q

What is the function of #42? Function?

A

Gizzard; muscular stomach (1/2 stomach) grinds food

43
Q

What is the function of #43? Function?

A

Small Intestine; chemically digests food and absorbs nutrients (3 sections)

44
Q

What is the function of #43a? Function?

A

Duodenum; receives enzymes from the pancreas and liver (part of S.I)

45
Q

What is the function of #43b? Function?

A

Jejunum; middle portion of Small Intestine

46
Q

What is the function of #43c? Function?

A

Ileum; end portion of Small Intestine

47
Q

What is the function of #44? Function?

A

Mesentery; membrane that holds intestine together

48
Q

What is the function of #45? Function?

A

Colon; contains caecum, stores waste

49
Q

What is the function of #46? Function?

A

Caecum; houses bacteria necessary for digestion of plant and insect material

50
Q

What is the function of #47? Function?

A

Rectum; stores undigested food before excretion

51
Q

What is the function of #48? Function?

A

Liver; removes toxins from blood and creates bile

52
Q

What is the function of #49? Function?

A

Gall Bladder (G) ; stores bile created by liver

53
Q

What is the function of #50? Function?

A

Spleen; immune response functions

54
Q

What is the function of #51? Function?

A

Pancreas; produces insulin to regulate blood sugar

55
Q

What is the function of #52? Function?

A

Heart; 4 chambered, delivers/recieves blood

56
Q

What is the function of #52a? Function?

A

Left Atrium; receives newly oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins

57
Q

What is the function of #52b? Function?

A

Left Ventricle; receives blood from L. atrium and pumps out via Aortic Arch

58
Q

What is the function of #52c? Function?

A

Right Atrium; receives O2 poor blood, empties into R. Ventricle

59
Q

What is the function of #52d? Function?

A

Right Ventricle; receives O2 poor blood from R. Atrium and pumps into lungs

60
Q

What is the function of #53? Function?

A

Aortic Arch; pumps blood out to body from L Ventricle

61
Q

What is the function of #54? Function?

A

Brachiocephalic Artery; carry blood from heart to shoulders, wings, and head

62
Q

What is the function of #55? Function?

A

Common Carotid Artery; carry blood to head,break down of Brachiocephalic Artery

63
Q

What is the function of #56? Function?

A

Vertebral Artery; carry blood to head

64
Q

What is the function of #57? Function?

A

Brachial Artery; carries blood to wings

65
Q

What is the function of #58? Function?

A

Pectoral Artery; carries blood to wings

66
Q

What is the function of #59? Function?

A

Thoracic Artery; carries blood to the thoracic region

67
Q

What is the function of #60? Function?

A

Descending Aorta; carries O2 rich blood to rest of body

68
Q

What is the function of #61? Function?

A

Celiac Artery; carries blood to gastric region

69
Q

What is the function of #62? Function?

A

Renal Artery; carries blood to kidneys

70
Q

What is the function of #63? Function?

A

Femoral Artery; carries blood to lower appendages

71
Q

What is the function of #64? Function?

A

External Illiac Artery; carries blood to lower appendages

72
Q

What is the function of #65? Function?

A

Tail Arteries; supply blood to pygostyle

73
Q

What is the function of #66? Function?

A

Pharynx; common chamber for respiratory and digestive systems

74
Q

What is the function of #67? Function?

A

Trachea; carries inhaled air to lungs

75
Q

What is the function of #68? Function?

A

Syrinx; voice box; communication

76
Q

What is the function of #69? Function?

A

Primary Bronchus; carries air to respective lung

77
Q

What is the function of #70? Function?

A

Lung; main structure for gas exchange

78
Q

What is the function of #71? Function?

A

Mesobronchi; transfer O2 through capillaries

79
Q

What is the function of #72? Function?

A

Cervical Air Sacs; Unidirectional Flow of air, fill with spent air from lungs

80
Q

What is the function of #73? Function?

A

Interclavicular Air Sac; fill with spent air from lungs

81
Q

What is the function of #74? Function?

A

Anterior Thoracic Air Sac; Releases air from the body

82
Q

What is the function of #75? Function?

A

Posterior Thoracic Air Sac; when ribs contract air moves into

83
Q

What is the function of #76? Function?

A

Abdominal Air Sac; fill with O2 rich air

84
Q

What is the function of #77? Function?

A

Kidneys; receives blood from the heart and filters blood waste

85
Q

What is the function of #78? Function?

A

Ureters; waste is transported here for excretion through cloaca

86
Q

What is the function of #79? Function?

A

Testes; sperm production and storage

87
Q

What is the function of #80? Function?

A

Vas Deferens; tube for sperm to be released from body

88
Q

What is the function of #81? Function?

A

Ovary; egg production and storage

89
Q

What is the function of #83? Function?

A

Oviduct; tubes for eggs to be released from body

90
Q

What is the function of #84? Function?

A

Brain; thoughts and actions formed here (CNS)

91
Q

What is the function of #85? Function?

A

Spinal Cord; relays impulses to body (CNS)

92
Q

What is the function of #86? Function?

A

Cerebral Hemispheres; intelligence and ability to create communities, communicate and do tasks

93
Q

What is the function of #87? Function?

A

Optic Lobes; visual perception

94
Q

What is the function of #88? Function?

A

Olfactory Lobes; interpret sense stimuli (poor in birds)

95
Q

What is the function of #89? Function?

A

Cerebellum; coordination of muscles

96
Q

What is the function of #90? Function?

A

Medulla; involuntary functions

97
Q

What is the function of #91? Function?

A

Adrenal Gland; produces adrenaline during fight or flight responses

Bio 241: Animal Biology (26 decks)

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