Chapter 9: Polyzoa and Trochozoa

Question 1

What are the 6 phyla discussed in this chapter?

Answer 1

Cycliophora, Entoprocta, Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, Phoronida, & Nemertea

Question 2

Many phyla in this chapter have a ____.

Answer 2

Lophophore

Question 3

What is a Lophophore? Function?

Answer 3

Crown of tentacles with cilia that can be used for:
- Feeding
-Respiration
Or withdrawn for
- Protection

Question 4

What phylum was described as being “very strange little creatures clinging to the mouthparts of the Norway lobster.”

Answer 4

Phylum Cycliophora

Question 5

Where does Phylum Cycliophora live?

Answer 5

The mouthparts of marine decapod crustaceans (crabs, lobsters) in the Northern Hemisphere

Question 6

Describe the simple body plan of Phylum Cycliophora?

Answer 6

Mouth → U-shaped gut→ anus

Question 7

What is the unique way that Phylum Cycliophora reproduces sexually

Answer 7

Male larvae is made and attach to feeding stages that contain the female larvae where the offspring then swim to new hosts

Question 8

Describe phylum Entoprocta

Answer 8

tiny sessile animals with ciliated tentacles, mostly marine,

Question 9

Are phylum Entoprocta colonial or solitary?

Answer 9

Both

Question 10

Where are freshwater phylum Entoprocta found?

Answer 10

On the undersides of rocks in running water

Question 11

Describe the anatomy of phylum Entoprocta

Answer 11

Cup-shaped body, U-shaped and ciliated gut

Question 12

Phylum Ectoprocta are also called what (2 names)

Answer 12

“moss animals” and Bryozoans

Question 13

Phylum Ectoprocta are fouling organisms, meaning what?

Answer 13

They grow on boat hulls

Question 14

Each colony of Phylum Ectoprocta occupies a _____, which is a tiny chamber.

Answer 14

zoecium

Question 15

What is a zooid?

Answer 15

An individual in a Phylum Ectoprocta colony

Question 16

What is a cystid?

Answer 16

The body wall of an animal

Question 17

What does a polypide do?

Answer 17

Pops up out of the Phylum Ectoprocta organism to feed where it traps food particles and then quickly withdrawls back into the zoecium.

Question 18

What is an operculum?

Answer 18

The trap door mechanism on a zoecium that a polypide retracts into

Question 19

What is the unique way that Phylum Ectoprocta reproduce asexually?

Answer 19

They form statoblasts during summer and fall then when the colony dies the statoblasts are released and in spring give rise to new polypides

Question 20

What Phylum is also referred to as “Lamp shells”

Answer 20

Phylum Brachiopoda

Question 21

What are characteristics of Phylum Brachiopoda

Answer 21

prefer shallow water, have 2 calcareous shell valves secreted by mantle

Question 22

What attaches Phylum Brachiopoda organisms to the substrate

Answer 22

Pedicle

Question 23

What are the 2 subclasses of Phylum Brachiopoda?

Answer 23

Articulata & Inarticulata

Question 24

What do Phylum Brachiopoda Articulata contain?

Answer 24

Shell valves interlocked by a hinge with tooth-and-socket

Question 25

Phylum Brachiopoda Inarticulata shells are held together by what

Answer 25

muscles only

Question 26

How do Phylum Brachiopoda reproduce?

Answer 26

Gametes are discharged into the water column

Question 27

What is unique about Phylum Phoronida?

Answer 27

They live within a leathery or chitinous tube

Question 28

What Phylum is also called “ribbon worms”?

Answer 28

Phylum Nemertea

Question 29

What is an example of Phylum Nemertea?

Answer 29

Lineus longissimus

Question 30

Describe how Phylum Nemertea feed

Answer 30

They seize prey with a proboscis that lies within the rynchocoel it can be everted to expose a stylet which stabs the prey. The structure is then retracted towards the mouth where the esophagus then thrusts out to engulf the food.

Question 31

What part of Phylum Nemertea stabs the prey?

Answer 31

Stylet