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Bio 241: Animal Biology > Chapter 12: Smaller Ecdysozoans > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Smaller Ecdysozoans Flashcards

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1
Q

Ecdysozoans possess a ___

A

cuticle

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2
Q

What is a cuticle?

A

Nonliving external layer secreted by the epidermis

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3
Q

What happens if a cuticle is firm?

A

Growth is restricted

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4
Q

The process of molting is called ____.

A

Ecdysis

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5
Q

What phyla makeup Clade Panarthopoda?

A

Onychophora, Tardigrada, Arthopoda

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6
Q

All phyla in Clade Panarthopoda have a ____.

A

Hemocoel

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7
Q

What is a hemocoel? Function?

A

Fusion of the main coelomic cavity and blastocoel; acts as entrance for blood from open circulatory system

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8
Q

What comprises hemolymph?

A

Blood and lymphatic fluid

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9
Q

What is an example of Phylum Onychophora?

A

Velvet Worms

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10
Q

Where are velvet worms (Onychophora) found?

A

Rainforests, tropical and semitropical leafy habitats

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11
Q

True/False: All velvet worms are terrestrial

A

True

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12
Q

Do velvet worms appear during the day?

A

No, they are nocturnal

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13
Q

How do velvet worms capture prey?

A

Entangle and Immobilize prey in slime; prey digested by enzymes, and consume only liquid part

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14
Q

Describe Viviparity

A

Form of Reproduction: Placental attachment between mother and offspring; live birth; offspring are born as juveniles

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15
Q

Describe Ovovivparity

A

Form of Reproduction: Young develop in eggs inside of the mother; eggs hatch while in uterus and live birth

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16
Q

Describe Oviparity

A

Form of Reproduction: females lay shell-covered eggs in moist places

17
Q

How well can Velvet worms see?

A

They are nearly blind

18
Q

What is the function of the Tracheal System

A

Enables them to breathe air, brings in air from pores scatted all over the body

19
Q

What two groups make up Tactopoda?

A

Tardigrades and Euarthopoda

20
Q

What is Anhydrobiosis? What happens to the tardigrade?

A

Tardigrades deal with a lack of water, and they curl up into a ball called a tun to be all dried up.

21
Q

What is Trehalose? What does it do?

A

glass-like protective sugar that is synthesized and replaces water in the cells of tardigrades

22
Q

What is Anoxybiosis? What happens to the tardigrade?

A

condition of insufficient oxygen; tardigrade will swell and become rigid and turgid

23
Q

What is Cryobiosis?

A

A condition of extremely low temperatures

24
Q

What is Osmobiosis?

A

A condition of change in osmotic pressure

25
Q

What animals are tardigrades closely related to?

A

They are not closely related to anything else on Earth.

26
Q

How many described species of tardigrades?

A

1000

27
Q

How many legs to tardigrades have?

A

8 legs

28
Q

What are the 3 major aquatic environments that tardigrades are found in?

A

Marine/brackish water, Freshwater, Terrestrial Habitats

29
Q

Describe the diets of tardigrades.

A

Feed on cell contents of plants and algae; eat single-celled organisms or other micro animals.

30
Q

What types of extreme environments can tardigrades survive?

A

Very low temperatures, high levels of radiation, exposure to chemicals, the vacuum of space

31
Q

Explain the process of cryptobiosis as it applies to tardigrades.

A

The metabolism of the organism can lower to 0.01% of the normal amount which allows them to stay full/survive until conditions return to ideal.

31
Q

Explain the process of cryptobiosis as it applies to tardigrades.

A

The metabolism of the organism can lower to 0.01% of the normal amount which allows them to stay full/survive until conditions return to ideal.

32
Q

Describe “tun state”.

A

A ball form that tardigrades roll into during Anhydrobiosis to avoid drought.

33
Q

Are tardigrades immortal?

A

They are resistant to extreme conditions while in a tun state but outside of the are delicate and can be killed easily.

34
Q

Tardigrades are often referred to as extremophiles. Why is that not an accurate word to use to describe them?

A

They do not enjoy living in extreme conditions but are just good at surviving in them.

35
Q

Explain the tardigrade’s unique eyes.

A

Have 2 single photoreceptive cells for eyes.

Bio 241: Animal Biology (26 decks)

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