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Bio 241: Animal Biology > Chapter 10: Molluscs > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Molluscs Flashcards

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1
Q

Phylum ____ is the 2nd largest after Arthopoda

A

Mollusca

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2
Q

There are almost ____ extant species of Phylum Mollusca

A

90,000

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3
Q

What is so important about Molluscs?

A

They are an extremely important food source and extremely commercially harvested.

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4
Q

A healthy ____ depends on healthy oceans

A

fishery

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5
Q

Explain what happens when CO2 amounts increase in the atmosphere

A

As CO2 levels rise, the acidity of the oceans does as well which causes the amount of biologically available calcium to decrease. This calcium is used for creating strong, healthy shells of molluscs so without it shells are weak and larvae fail to develop normally

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6
Q

What are the two primary portions of the basic body plan of a mollusc

A

Head-foot portion and Visceral mass

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7
Q

What is contained within the head food region of a mollusc?

A

Feeding, cephalic sensory, and locomotor organs

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8
Q

The function of the Head-foot region primarily depends on what?

A

muscular action

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9
Q

What is contained within the Visceral mass of a mollusc?

A

Digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and reproductive organs

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10
Q

The function of the Visceral Mass is dependent on what?

A

Ciliary tracts

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11
Q

Describe the mantle of a mollusc

A

Formed by two folds of skin
Internal space is the mantle cavity

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12
Q

What is the function of the mantle?

A

Protection and secretes the shell

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13
Q

Modifications of structures produce great ___ of the body plans

A

diversity

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14
Q

What other structures are found within the head-foot region?

A

Mouth, sensory organs, chemoreceptors, statocysts, tactile sensors, brain

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15
Q

Describe a radula (function, feel)

A

Unique to molluscs, located in mouth, Tongue-like organ
Function- helps feed and carry food particles toward digestive tract

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16
Q

What is the foot portion of the head-foot region adapted for?

A

Locomotion and attachment to substrate

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17
Q

Describe the modification of the foot that Limpets have

A

Attachment disc that creates suction

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18
Q

Describe the modification of the foot that Bivalaves have

A

“hatchet foot”

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19
Q

Describe the modification of the foot that squids/octopuses have

A

Funnel for jet propulsion

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20
Q

How many layers does a mollusc shell have? What are they called?

A

3;Periostracum, Prismatic layer, Nacre

21
Q

What layer of the shell is the outmost?

A

Periostracum

22
Q

The Periostratcum is composed of ____.

A

conchiolins

23
Q

What are conchiolins? Function?

A

Composition of the Periostratcum; protective protein, protects from erosion

24
Q

What is the Prismatic layer composed of?

A

densely packed prisms of calcium carbonate

25
Q

What is the innermost layer of a molluscs shell called?

A

Nacre

26
Q

What is unique about the nacre layer?

A

It is secreted continuously through an animals life and become thicker

27
Q

What special event occurs in the nacre?

A

Pearl formation

28
Q

Explain how a pearl is formed

A

The nacre layer begins to cover a foreign object such as dirt between the shell and the mantle continuously to avoid irritation. Overtime, this dirt becomes a shiny spherical object we call a pearl

29
Q

What is unique about a molluscs circulation system

A

It is an open system, blood is not contained within the vessels

30
Q

_____ have a closed circulatory system

A

Cephalpods

31
Q

What does fertilization result in?

A

An embryo

32
Q

What is the 2nd swimming larval stage structure called?

A

Veliger

33
Q

What classes of Molluscs are discussed in this chapter

A

Polyplacophora & Gastropoda

34
Q

____ is the most diverse class of molluscs

A

Gastropods

35
Q

Most Gastropods have a hard proteinaceous plate called a _____.

A

Operculum

36
Q

What does an Operculum do?

A

Acts as a trapdoor and covers the shell when the body withdraws inside

37
Q

What is an example of Herbivore Gastropods

A

Turban snails

38
Q

What do scavenger Gastropods feed on? Example

A

Dead and decaying flesh; mud snails

39
Q

What do driller/borer Gastropods do? What is an example?

A

They drills holes into shells with their radula (4 days); Moon snail

40
Q

What is an example of carnivore Gastropods

A

Cone snails

41
Q

What is unique about cone snails

A

they have a radula that has been modified into a harpoon with venom to kill prey

42
Q

What are the 3 subclasses of Gastropods

A

Prosobranchia, Opisthobranchia, & Pulmonata

43
Q

____ is the largest subclass of Gastropods

A

Prosobranchia

44
Q

What are examples of Prosobranchia

A

Periwinkles, Limpets, Abalones, Cowries

45
Q

What is an example of subclass Opisthobranchia

A

Sea hare & Nudibranchs

46
Q

What is an example of subclass Pulmonata?

A

Giant land snail

47
Q

What is different about subclass Pulmonata?

A

Lack gills, contain land and freshwater slugs/snails

48
Q

What is the common name for Class Polyplacophora?

A

Chiton

49
Q

What Class is described as bearing many plates”

A

Class Polyplacophora (Chitons)

Bio 241: Animal Biology (26 decks)

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