Chapter 6: Sponges Flashcards
Sponges are multicellular/unicellular?
multicellular
Sponge cells must be _____ meaning they have specific functions.
specialized
Sponges have adapted to ____ ____ as a way to receive nutrients and food.
filter feeding
What is an exception to filter feeding sponges and how do they feed?
Harp sponge, they have velcro-like barbed hooks on their limbs that can catch crustaceans and envelope them into the thin membrane to be digested.
True/False: Sponges have tissues
False
____ is when dissociated cells can re-form a new sponge
reaggregation
What are the 4 classes of sponges
Homoscleromorpha, Calcispongiae (Calcera), Demospongiae, Hexactinellida
What are calcarea/ calcispongiae made of?
calcium carbonate and calcareous spicules
What are demospongiae made of?
spicules made of silica and spongin network
What is a spongin network?
Modified type of collagen protein
What is the only class of sponge that a spongin network is found?
Demospongiae
What are Hexactinellida also called?
Glass sponges
What are Hexactinellida made of?
6-rayed spicules made of silica
Homoscleromorpha are described as what?
thin, encrusting sponges
True/Flase: Homoscleromorpha have complex spicules
False, they have none or simple spicules
Sponges are ___ meaning they do not move
sessile
What are the two types of pores in a sponges body?
Dermal ostia and oscula
What are dermal ostia?
Tiny pores for incoming water
What are oscula?
Large pores that serve as water outlets
Pores are connected by a system of ____.
canals
What are some pores lined with?
Choanocytes
What are choanocytes
flagellated collar cells that line some pores
-Maintain water current through canals
- Trap and Phagocytize food particles
What is Mesohyl?
Gelatinous matrix that contains cells
In sponges, digestion is entirely extracellular/intracellular?
intracellular
In sponges, respiration and excretion are performed by ____.
diffusion
Large sponges can pump but to ____ liters of water a day
1500
Can sponges reproduce sexually or asexually?
Both
Most sponges are ____ meaning one individual has male and female sex cells
monoecious
Zygotes turn into ____ ____.
Flagellated larvae
What are the forms of asexual reproduction in sponges?
Fragmentation and Budding
Describe fragmentation
a piece of sponge breaks off and settles to become a new sponge
Describe Gemmules and why they are produced
Cyst-like reproductive unit that are formed during unfavorable conditions. They can survive periods of drought, freezing and 3 months without oxygenn
What happens to gemmules when favorable conditions return?
The cells escape and develop into new sponges
