Chapter 6: Sponges

Question 1

Sponges are multicellular/unicellular?

Answer 1

multicellular

Question 2

Sponge cells must be _____ meaning they have specific functions.

Answer 2

specialized

Question 3

Sponges have adapted to ____ ____ as a way to receive nutrients and food.

Answer 3

filter feeding

Question 4

What is an exception to filter feeding sponges and how do they feed?

Answer 4

Harp sponge, they have velcro-like barbed hooks on their limbs that can catch crustaceans and envelope them into the thin membrane to be digested.

Question 5

True/False: Sponges have tissues

Answer 5

False

Question 6

____ is when dissociated cells can re-form a new sponge

Answer 6

reaggregation

Question 7

What are the 4 classes of sponges

Answer 7

Homoscleromorpha, Calcispongiae (Calcera), Demospongiae, Hexactinellida

Question 8

What are calcarea/ calcispongiae made of?

Answer 8

calcium carbonate and calcareous spicules

Question 9

What are demospongiae made of?

Answer 9

spicules made of silica and spongin network

Question 10

What is a spongin network?

Answer 10

Modified type of collagen protein

Question 11

What is the only class of sponge that a spongin network is found?

Answer 11

Demospongiae

Question 12

What are Hexactinellida also called?

Answer 12

Glass sponges

Question 13

What are Hexactinellida made of?

Answer 13

6-rayed spicules made of silica

Question 14

Homoscleromorpha are described as what?

Answer 14

thin, encrusting sponges

Question 15

True/Flase: Homoscleromorpha have complex spicules

Answer 15

False, they have none or simple spicules

Question 16

Sponges are ___ meaning they do not move

Answer 16

sessile

Question 17

What are the two types of pores in a sponges body?

Answer 17

Dermal ostia and oscula

Question 18

What are dermal ostia?

Answer 18

Tiny pores for incoming water

Question 19

What are oscula?

Answer 19

Large pores that serve as water outlets

Question 20

Pores are connected by a system of ____.

Answer 20

canals

Question 21

What are some pores lined with?

Answer 21

Choanocytes

Question 22

What are choanocytes

Answer 22

flagellated collar cells that line some pores
-Maintain water current through canals
- Trap and Phagocytize food particles

Question 23

What is Mesohyl?

Answer 23

Gelatinous matrix that contains cells

Question 24

In sponges, digestion is entirely extracellular/intracellular?

Answer 24

intracellular

Question 25

In sponges, respiration and excretion are performed by ____.

Answer 25

diffusion

Question 26

Large sponges can pump but to ____ liters of water a day

Answer 26

1500

Question 27

Can sponges reproduce sexually or asexually?

Answer 27

Both

Question 28

Most sponges are ____ meaning one individual has male and female sex cells

Answer 28

monoecious

Question 29

Zygotes turn into ____ ____.

Answer 29

Flagellated larvae

Question 30

What are the forms of asexual reproduction in sponges?

Answer 30

Fragmentation and Budding

Question 31

Describe fragmentation

Answer 31

a piece of sponge breaks off and settles to become a new sponge

Question 32

Describe Gemmules and why they are produced

Answer 32

Cyst-like reproductive unit that are formed during unfavorable conditions. They can survive periods of drought, freezing and 3 months without oxygenn

Question 33

What happens to gemmules when favorable conditions return?

Answer 33

The cells escape and develop into new sponges