Chapter 2: Animal Ecology Flashcards
The relation of the animal to its organic and inorganic environment is _____.
Ecology
An animal’s ___ comprises all conditions that directly affect its chances for survival and reproduction.
environment
The role of an organism, population, or species in an ecological community is its _____.
niche
What are the 2 types of niches?
Fundamental and Realized
What is the differences between fundamental and realized niches?
Fundamental is the POTENTIAL roles an organism could perform. Realized are the roles ACTUALLY performed.
What is a deme?
Geographically and genetically cohesive populations that is are separated from other populations
___ is the study of a population’s properties and factors that influence them
Demography
The proportion of a population that persists from one point in their life to another is called _____.
survivorship
What are the two types of forms of reproduction seen in species?
Semelparity and Iteroparity
What is semelparity?
Organism only reproduces once in its lifetime
What is iteroparity?
Organism is able to have more than one reproductive cycle in lifetime
What is the outcome of competition in communities? Who benefits?
negative, negative (-,-)
Neither benefit
What is the outcome of predation in a community? Who benefits?
positive, negative (+,-)
Predator benefits
What is the outcome of parasitism in a community? Who benefits?
negative, positive (-,+)
Prey benefits
What is commensalism?
Interaction where one species benefits, while the other is unaffected
What is the outcome of commensalism in a community?
(+/0)
One benefits , other unaffected (0)
What is the outcome of Mutualism in a community? Who benefits?
(+,+)
Both predator and prey benefit
How do organisms in a population combat the process of competition?
Resource Partitioning
Ex. Parents don’t compete with offspring; similar species don’t compete
What is formed when several species share the same resources?
Feeding guild
Many species of warbler living in the same tree in specific areas is an example of _____.
coexistence
Species that stabilize the community and are depended on are referred to as ____ species
keystone
Sea otters in kelp forests who eat urchins are an example of what?
A keystone species
How do autotrophs (AKA. producers) acquire food?
Produce their own
Heterotrophs are also called ____.
consumers
What are the 4 types of heterotrophs?
Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores, Decomposers
What happens as organic nutrients are passed from organism to organism?
Energy is lost
A visual representation of energy flow is called a ____ ___. There are 2 types: ____ and ____.
food web; grazing, detrital
Pathways involve both living and nonliving components are called ____ _____.
Biogeochemical cycles
What are contributing factors to extinctions?
-Habitat Loss
-Introduction of exotic species
-Pollution
-Overexploitation of resources
What is a direct value of biodiversity?
Medicinal values
What are indirect values of biodiversity? (5)
-Biogeochemical cycles
-Waste disposal
-Prevention of soil erosion
-Climate regulation
-Ecotourism
