Chapter 2: Animal Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

The relation of the animal to its organic and inorganic environment is _____.

A

Ecology

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2
Q

An animal’s ___ comprises all conditions that directly affect its chances for survival and reproduction.

A

environment

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3
Q

The role of an organism, population, or species in an ecological community is its _____.

A

niche

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of niches?

A

Fundamental and Realized

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5
Q

What is the differences between fundamental and realized niches?

A

Fundamental is the POTENTIAL roles an organism could perform. Realized are the roles ACTUALLY performed.

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6
Q

What is a deme?

A

Geographically and genetically cohesive populations that is are separated from other populations

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7
Q

___ is the study of a population’s properties and factors that influence them

A

Demography

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8
Q

The proportion of a population that persists from one point in their life to another is called _____.

A

survivorship

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9
Q

What are the two types of forms of reproduction seen in species?

A

Semelparity and Iteroparity

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10
Q

What is semelparity?

A

Organism only reproduces once in its lifetime

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11
Q

What is iteroparity?

A

Organism is able to have more than one reproductive cycle in lifetime

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12
Q

What is the outcome of competition in communities? Who benefits?

A

negative, negative (-,-)
Neither benefit

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13
Q

What is the outcome of predation in a community? Who benefits?

A

positive, negative (+,-)
Predator benefits

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14
Q

What is the outcome of parasitism in a community? Who benefits?

A

negative, positive (-,+)
Prey benefits

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15
Q

What is commensalism?

A

Interaction where one species benefits, while the other is unaffected

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16
Q

What is the outcome of commensalism in a community?

A

(+/0)
One benefits , other unaffected (0)

17
Q

What is the outcome of Mutualism in a community? Who benefits?

A

(+,+)
Both predator and prey benefit

18
Q

How do organisms in a population combat the process of competition?

A

Resource Partitioning
Ex. Parents don’t compete with offspring; similar species don’t compete

19
Q

What is formed when several species share the same resources?

A

Feeding guild

20
Q

Many species of warbler living in the same tree in specific areas is an example of _____.

A

coexistence

21
Q

Species that stabilize the community and are depended on are referred to as ____ species

A

keystone

22
Q

Sea otters in kelp forests who eat urchins are an example of what?

A

A keystone species

23
Q

How do autotrophs (AKA. producers) acquire food?

A

Produce their own

24
Q

Heterotrophs are also called ____.

A

consumers

25
Q

What are the 4 types of heterotrophs?

A

Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores, Decomposers

26
Q

What happens as organic nutrients are passed from organism to organism?

A

Energy is lost

27
Q

A visual representation of energy flow is called a ____ ___. There are 2 types: ____ and ____.

A

food web; grazing, detrital

28
Q

Pathways involve both living and nonliving components are called ____ _____.

A

Biogeochemical cycles

29
Q

What are contributing factors to extinctions?

A

-Habitat Loss
-Introduction of exotic species
-Pollution
-Overexploitation of resources

30
Q

What is a direct value of biodiversity?

A

Medicinal values

31
Q

What are indirect values of biodiversity? (5)

A

-Biogeochemical cycles
-Waste disposal
-Prevention of soil erosion
-Climate regulation
-Ecotourism