Chapter 2: Animal Ecology

Question 1

The relation of the animal to its organic and inorganic environment is _____.

Answer 1

Ecology

Question 2

An animal’s ___ comprises all conditions that directly affect its chances for survival and reproduction.

Answer 2

environment

Question 3

The role of an organism, population, or species in an ecological community is its _____.

Answer 3

niche

Question 4

What are the 2 types of niches?

Answer 4

Fundamental and Realized

Question 5

What is the differences between fundamental and realized niches?

Answer 5

Fundamental is the POTENTIAL roles an organism could perform. Realized are the roles ACTUALLY performed.

Question 6

What is a deme?

Answer 6

Geographically and genetically cohesive populations that is are separated from other populations

Question 7

___ is the study of a population’s properties and factors that influence them

Answer 7

Demography

Question 8

The proportion of a population that persists from one point in their life to another is called _____.

Answer 8

survivorship

Question 9

What are the two types of forms of reproduction seen in species?

Answer 9

Semelparity and Iteroparity

Question 10

What is semelparity?

Answer 10

Organism only reproduces once in its lifetime

Question 11

What is iteroparity?

Answer 11

Organism is able to have more than one reproductive cycle in lifetime

Question 12

What is the outcome of competition in communities? Who benefits?

Answer 12

negative, negative (-,-)
Neither benefit

Question 13

What is the outcome of predation in a community? Who benefits?

Answer 13

positive, negative (+,-)
Predator benefits

Question 14

What is the outcome of parasitism in a community? Who benefits?

Answer 14

negative, positive (-,+)
Prey benefits

Question 15

What is commensalism?

Answer 15

Interaction where one species benefits, while the other is unaffected

Question 16

What is the outcome of commensalism in a community?

Answer 16

(+/0)
One benefits , other unaffected (0)

Question 17

What is the outcome of Mutualism in a community? Who benefits?

Answer 17

(+,+)
Both predator and prey benefit

Question 18

How do organisms in a population combat the process of competition?

Answer 18

Resource Partitioning
Ex. Parents don’t compete with offspring; similar species don’t compete

Question 19

What is formed when several species share the same resources?

Answer 19

Feeding guild

Question 20

Many species of warbler living in the same tree in specific areas is an example of _____.

Answer 20

coexistence

Question 21

Species that stabilize the community and are depended on are referred to as ____ species

Answer 21

keystone

Question 22

Sea otters in kelp forests who eat urchins are an example of what?

Answer 22

A keystone species

Question 23

How do autotrophs (AKA. producers) acquire food?

Answer 23

Produce their own

Question 24

Heterotrophs are also called ____.

Answer 24

consumers

Question 25

What are the 4 types of heterotrophs?

Answer 25

Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores, Decomposers

Question 26

What happens as organic nutrients are passed from organism to organism?

Answer 26

Energy is lost

Question 27

A visual representation of energy flow is called a ____ ___. There are 2 types: ____ and ____.

Answer 27

food web; grazing, detrital

Question 28

Pathways involve both living and nonliving components are called ____ _____.

Answer 28

Biogeochemical cycles

Question 29

What are contributing factors to extinctions?

Answer 29

-Habitat Loss
-Introduction of exotic species
-Pollution
-Overexploitation of resources

Question 30

What is a direct value of biodiversity?

Answer 30

Medicinal values

Question 31

What are indirect values of biodiversity? (5)

Answer 31

-Biogeochemical cycles
-Waste disposal
-Prevention of soil erosion
-Climate regulation
-Ecotourism