Chapter 3: Animal Architecture

Question 1

Having Balanced proportions and correspondence in shape on a median plane is ____.

Answer 1

Symmetry

Question 2

Opposite of symmetry
-Not balanced

Answer 2

Asymmetry

Question 3

Passing through the center divides a body in mirrored halves is an example of ____ ____

Answer 3

Spherical Symmetry

Question 4

Body able to be divided into smaller halves with more than 2 planes on the longitudinal axis is ____ ____.

Answer 4

Radial Symmetry

Question 5

Body being able to only be split by 1 or 2 planes on the longitudinal axis to produce mirrored halves is an example of ____ ____.

Answer 5

Biradial Symmetry

Question 6

A ladybug is an example of ____ symmetry.

Answer 6

Bilateral

Question 7

Animals divided along a saggittal plane into mirrored halves is an example of ____ symmetry

Answer 7

bilateral

Question 8

Body plans begin with a single ____

Answer 8

zygote

Question 9

After a zygote has been formed, it will divide into a larger number of smaller cells called _____

Answer 9

blastomeres

Question 10

The process by which blastomeres are formed is called ____.

Answer 10

cleavage

Question 11

What are the two types of cleavage and describe them?

Answer 11

Radial- tiers or layers of cells on top of one another
Spiral- cleavage planes diagonal to polar axis

Question 12

Radial cleavage occurs with regulative development. What is that?

Answer 12

If a blastomere is separated it can adjust or regulate development

Question 13

What is a blastocoel? What does it surround?

Answer 13

A fluid-filled cavity, it surrounds the cleavage

Question 14

What is a blastula?

Answer 14

A hollow ball of cells

Question 15

What does a blastula become?

Answer 15

Gastrula

Question 16

What species does not become a gasturla

Answer 16

sponges

Question 17

What forms during gasturlation?

Answer 17

2-3 germ layers

Question 18

What are the 3 germs layers, and where are they located/ what do they become?

Answer 18

Ectoderm- the outer layer, becomes epidermis and nervous system cells
Endoderm- innermost layer, surrounds inner body cavity
Mesoderm- middle layer, gives rise to connective tissues, muscular, urogenital, and vascular systems

Question 19

What are openings in the gut cavity called?

Answer 19

blastopore

Question 20

If an animal eats and excretes from the same location they have one opening so they are said to have what?

Answer 20

A blind/incomplete gut

Question 21

Most animals develop a second gut so they are said to have a ____ gut

Answer 21

complete

Question 22

The body cavity in triploblastic animals is called

Answer 22

coelom

Question 23

An animal with 2 germ layers is called?

Answer 23

diploblastic

Question 24

What is phylum is diploblastic?

Answer 24

Cnidaria

Question 25

Is a deuterostome the blastopore becomes the ___

Answer 25

anus

Question 26

What are the 3 body plans of deuterostome?

Answer 26

Echinodermata- sea stars
Hemichordata
Chordata- tigers, sharks, us

Question 27

In what body plan does the first opening become the mouth?

Answer 27

Protostome

Question 28

What are the 2 subgroups of Protostome

Answer 28

Ecdysozoa- molting animals
Lophotrochozoa- 17 phyla

Question 29

What are the 4 types of tissues? Where can you find them?

Answer 29

Connective- binding and support, bone tissue
Epithelial- external/ internal surfaces
Muscular- cardiac muscle
Nervous- receive and conduct stimuli

Question 30

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 30

Skeletal, Cardiac, and smooth

Question 31

What are the two types of nervous tissue?

Answer 31

Neurons and Neuroglia