Chapter 3: Animal Architecture Flashcards
Having Balanced proportions and correspondence in shape on a median plane is ____.
Symmetry
Opposite of symmetry
-Not balanced
Asymmetry
Passing through the center divides a body in mirrored halves is an example of ____ ____
Spherical Symmetry
Body able to be divided into smaller halves with more than 2 planes on the longitudinal axis is ____ ____.
Radial Symmetry
Body being able to only be split by 1 or 2 planes on the longitudinal axis to produce mirrored halves is an example of ____ ____.
Biradial Symmetry
A ladybug is an example of ____ symmetry.
Bilateral
Animals divided along a saggittal plane into mirrored halves is an example of ____ symmetry
bilateral
Body plans begin with a single ____
zygote
After a zygote has been formed, it will divide into a larger number of smaller cells called _____
blastomeres
The process by which blastomeres are formed is called ____.
cleavage
What are the two types of cleavage and describe them?
Radial- tiers or layers of cells on top of one another
Spiral- cleavage planes diagonal to polar axis
Radial cleavage occurs with regulative development. What is that?
If a blastomere is separated it can adjust or regulate development
What is a blastocoel? What does it surround?
A fluid-filled cavity, it surrounds the cleavage
What is a blastula?
A hollow ball of cells
What does a blastula become?
Gastrula
What species does not become a gasturla
sponges
What forms during gasturlation?
2-3 germ layers
What are the 3 germs layers, and where are they located/ what do they become?
Ectoderm- the outer layer, becomes epidermis and nervous system cells
Endoderm- innermost layer, surrounds inner body cavity
Mesoderm- middle layer, gives rise to connective tissues, muscular, urogenital, and vascular systems
What are openings in the gut cavity called?
blastopore
If an animal eats and excretes from the same location they have one opening so they are said to have what?
A blind/incomplete gut
Most animals develop a second gut so they are said to have a ____ gut
complete
The body cavity in triploblastic animals is called
coelom
An animal with 2 germ layers is called?
diploblastic
What is phylum is diploblastic?
Cnidaria
Is a deuterostome the blastopore becomes the ___
anus
What are the 3 body plans of deuterostome?
Echinodermata- sea stars
Hemichordata
Chordata- tigers, sharks, us
In what body plan does the first opening become the mouth?
Protostome
What are the 2 subgroups of Protostome
Ecdysozoa- molting animals
Lophotrochozoa- 17 phyla
What are the 4 types of tissues? Where can you find them?
Connective- binding and support, bone tissue
Epithelial- external/ internal surfaces
Muscular- cardiac muscle
Nervous- receive and conduct stimuli
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, Cardiac, and smooth
What are the two types of nervous tissue?
Neurons and Neuroglia
