Key Words (I did a bit but still needs more) Flashcards
Magnification
Magnification is the multiplier of the actual object to get the image. Eg “magnification of x10 with an object of 10cm makes an image of 100cm”
IAM triangle
Image = actual( magnification)
Actual = image/magnification
Magnification = image/actual
Where actual is the actual size of the object
Resolution
The smallest measurable distance of two points. (Eg. two points next to each other on a computer screen if close enough will appear as one pixel and not as separate entities)
Nucleus
The nucleus is found in eukaryotic cells. It contains the majority of the cells genetic material. The material is organised as DNA molecules along with a variety of proteins to form chromosomes.
What is the Cytoplasm?
It is the liquid in the cell where the contents of a cell are suspended and where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place
Cell membrane
The ‘wall’ surrounding the cell which maintains what comes in and out of the cell
Mitochondria
The mitochondria is an organelle found in most types of cells. It is the site of respiration and is responsible for producing energy.
Eukaryotic cells
- more complex organisms (multicellular)
- Have a true nucleus in the cytoplasm which encloses genetic material
- plants, animals and fungi include eukaryotic cells
Plasmid
Add ensures
Order of magnitude
To find the ‘order of magnitude’ divide the larger number by the smaller number and if the product is bigger than less than 10 then the order of magnitude is considered the same.
10 >= x is 10^1
100>= x is 10^2
(It’s a bit of a joke tbh)
Muscle cell adaptations
This isn’t even a key word. Not even a key phrase tbh.
Sperm cell adaptations
Good Evening
Prokaryotic cells
Bacteria
Nerve cell adaptations
It says key words not key phrases dumbass
Root hair cell adaptation
I might just change this to key phrases.
Xylem Cells
Brings water and mineral ions around the plant
Diffusion
The net random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (with the concentration gradient)
Phloem Cells
Brings food around the plant (that is what the spec wants you to know, nothing else(i think))
Ribosome
Something to do with cells
Chloroplast
Another thingy
Cell Wall
Ezy
Vacuole
Plant cells have it while animal cells don’t. (Some do, they just very small, but spec says GCSE people don’t need to know that)
Rate of diffusion
Key PHRASE
Osmosis
Osmosis is the net random movement of water from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential over a partly permeable membrane.
Dilute
Reminds me of wine
Concentrated
Not sure how to explain it. But, well, basically it is when like the stuff gets thingy cos of the other thing.
Crenated
When there is less water inside so it goes all shrivelled (animal cell)
Lysis
When it has too much water in it that it explodes (animal cell)
Plasmolysis
Still in the hello topic
Turgid
Has lots of water in it so it is big (plant cells)
Turgor Pressure
Cheap remake of Hulk Smash
SA to V ratio (Surface area to volume ratio)
Ok
Interphase
I see
Cytokinesis
When did it all start
Gene
Don’t just blame genes
Chromosome
Oh, ok then.
Differentiated cell
Haven’t even got to this topic yet.
Undifferentiated cell
Unique doesn’t mean useful.
Embryonic stem cell
Yep.
Mitosis
Mitosis.io
Active Transport
Requires energy.
Adult stem cell
Bone marrow.
Therapeutic cloning
Steve where are you?
Cloning
Here Steve is.
Organ
What is this.
Tissue
Yep
Organ system
Big thing
Enzymes
Evil little things that steal your food >:0
Liver
Makes stuff
Bile
Made near liver or in it
Zygote
Last word in dictionary.
Carbohydrase
An enzyme.
Lipase
Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down dietary fats into smaller molecules called fatty acids and glycerol. A small amount of lipase, called gastric lipase, is made by cells in your stomach. This enzyme specifically digests butter fat in your food. Breaks down fats (lipids).
Protease
A protease (also called a peptidase or proteinase) is any enzyme that performs proteolysis. Proteases have evolved multiple times, and different classes of protease can perform the same reaction by completely different catalytic mechanisms. They break down protein.
Active Site
Part of enzyme where the chemical reaction occurs. It denatures if the ph or temperature is too high or low.
Denatured Enzyme
An enzyme that can no longer help in digesting as its active site is deformed and doesn’t match the shape of the molecule it is digesting.
Blood Plasma
Yellow liquid with suspended blood cells. It makes up 55% of the blood. Transport dissolved products. E.g. Co2, urea, insulin.
Helps maintain constant body temperature.
Red Blood Cells
Erythrocytes, are the most common type of blood cell.Don’t have a nucleus.Biconcave shape. Small surface area to volume ratio. Contain the protein haemoglobin. They give blood its red colour. They carry oxygen to muscles. Make up 45% of the blood.
Platelets
Platelets are blood cells critical to blood clotting, which is the process that stops bleeding.
Veins
Carrying blood towards the heart where the pressure is not as high.
White Blood Cells
leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.
Arteries
Carrying blood away from heart where the blood is pushed at ha higher pressure.
Capillaries
Very small blood tubes that are only 1 cell thick and carry the oxygenated blood to muscles and carry waste away from muscles.
