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PHARMACOLOGY > III - CARDIAC - RENAL > Flashcards

III - CARDIAC - RENAL Flashcards

1
Q

lower BP by decreasing volume

A

Diuretics (TOPNOTCH)

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2
Q

Inhibit NA/CL transporter in distal convoluted tubule

A

Thiazide Diuretics (TOPNOTCH)

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3
Q

for mild to moderate hypertension(first line), Heart falure, Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidius, Renal calcium stones

A

Thiazide Diuretics (TOPNOTCH)

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4
Q

Thiazide Diuretics

A

MICH

Metolazone, Indapamide, Chlorthalidone,
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE

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5
Q

hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, sulfa allergy, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia

A

HCTZ, Chlorthalidone, Metolazone, Indapamide (TOPNOTCH)

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6
Q

Inhibit NA/K/2Cl transporter in thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

A

Loop Diuretics (TOPNOTCH)

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7
Q

Loop Diuretics

A

“Furo BET”

Furosemide, Bumetanide, Ethacynic Acid, Torsemide

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8
Q

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, Potassium wasting, ototoxicity, hyperuricemia, nephrotoxicity, dehydration, hypomagnesemia,sulfa allergy, hypocalcemia

A

Loop Diuretics (TOPNOTCH)

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9
Q

activates a2 adrenergic receptors ; for hypertensive urgency

A

Clonidine (TOPNOTCH)

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10
Q

activates a2 adrenergic receptors, for pre eclampsia

A

Methyldopa (TOPNOTCH)

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11
Q

Taper use prior to discontinuation to avoid rebound hypertension ; readily enter the CNS

A

Clonidine (TOPNOTCH)

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12
Q

Irreversibly blocks the vesicular monoamine transporter(VMAT)

A

Reserpine (TOPNOTCH)

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13
Q

Block release of NE from the pre-synaptic neuron

A

Guanethidine, Guanadrel (TOPNOTCH)

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14
Q

alpha-1 blocker which is most selective for prostatic smooth muscle

A

Tamsulosin (TOPNOTCH)

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15
Q

Disadvantage of Prazosin compared to other alpha-1 blockers

A

short DOA (TOPNOTCH)

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16
Q

Release NO from endothelial cells, Relaxes arteriolar smooth muscle, causing vasolidation. Decreases afterload ; for pre-eclampsia, hypertension, heart failure

A

Hydralazine (TOPNOTCH)

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17
Q

drug induced lupus (hydralazine), reflex tachycardia

A

Hydralazine (TOPNOTCH)

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18
Q

Opens K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle, causing hyperpolarization, muscle relaxation and vasolidation

A

Minoxidil, Diazoxide (TOPNOTCH)

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19
Q

for alopecia / male pattern baldness, hypertension

A

Minoxidil (TOPNOTCH)

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20
Q

Constipation, Nausea, flushing,gingival hyperplasia, AV block, sinus node depression, Pretibial edema, dizziness

A

Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker: Verapamil, Diltiazem (TOPNOTCH)

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21
Q

block voltage-gated L-type calcium channels (vascular > cardiac); for Angina, hypertension

A

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker: Nifedipine, Amlodipine, Nicardipine, Nisoldipine, Isradipine, Felodipine (TOPNOTCH)

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22
Q

relaxes venous and arteriolar smooth muscle

A

Nitroprusside (TOPNOTCH)

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23
Q

for acute heart failure, controlled hypotension, cardiogenic shock, hypertensive emergency

A

Nitroprusside (TOPNOTCH)

24
Q

a thiazide derivative without a diuretic effect ; also induces insulin release (can be used to treat hypoglycemia in insulin-producing tumors)

A

Diazoxide (TOPNOTCH)

25
causes arteriolar vasolidation of the afferent and efferent arterioles
Fenoldopam (DOPAMINE 1 RECEPTOR AGONIST)
26
inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme ; for hypertension, heart failure
ACE inhibitors: Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, Benazepril (TOPNOTCH)
27
slows down the progression of DM nephropathy and cardiac remodelling in heart failure
ACE inhibitors: Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, Benazepril (TOPNOTCH)
28
competetively blocks Angiotensin 1 receptor site ; for hypertension
Angiotensin receptor blocker: Losartan, Valsartan, Irbesartan, Candesartan (TOPNOTCH)
29
inhibitor of renin's action on its substrate angiotensinogen
Aliskerin (TOPNOTCH)
30
releases nitric oxide(NO), relaxes smooth muscle, especially vascular, increases Cgmp (cyclic guanosine monophosphate); for cyanide poisoning
Amyl Nitrite (TOPNOTCH)
31
releases nitric oxide (NO), increases Cgmp (cyclic guanosine monophosphate) and relaxes smooth muscle especially vascular; for Angina, acute coronary syndromes
Nitroglycerin, Isosobide Dinitrate, Isosobide Mononitrate (TOPNOTCH)
32
Dangerous hypotension with PDE inhibitors
Nitroglycerin, Isosobide Dinitrate, Isosobide Mononitrate (TOPNOTCH)
33
block voltage-gated L-type calcium channels (cardiac > vascular); for Angina, Supraventricular tachycardia, migraine, hypertension
Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker: Verapamil, Diltiazem (TOPNOTCH)
34
inhibits Na/K ATPase; increases intracellular Ca, increasing cardiac contractility; for heart failure, Nodal arrythmias
Digoxin (TOPNOTCH)
35
Arrythmogenesis increased hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia
Digoxin (TOPNOTCH)
36
Hyperkalemia exacerbates cardiac toxicity
Class 1 Antiarryhtmics (TOPNOTCH)
37
Prolong AP duration
Class 1A: Procainamide, Disopyramide, Quinidine (TOPNOTCH)
38
Shorten AP Duration
Class 1B: Lidocaine, Mexiletene, Tocainide, Phenytoin (TOPNOTCH)
39
No effect on AP Duration
Class 1C: Flecainide, Propafenone, Encainide, Moricizine (TOPNOTCH)
40
Group with the greatest risk for TORSADES DE POINTES
Class 3 Arryhytmics (TOPNOTCH)
41
for Post MI prophylaxis against sudden death, thyrotoxicosis, acute perioperative and thyrotoxic arrythmias, Supraventricular tachycardia
Class 2: Propranolol, Esmolol (TOPNOTCH)
42
has Class 1, 2 3 and 4 activity therefore is the MOST EFFICACIOUS of all anti-arrhythmics
Amiodarone (TOPNOTCH)
43
DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
Adenosine (TOPNOTCH)
44
for glaucoma, diuresis for edema with alkalosis.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (TOPNOTCH)
45
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Acetazolamide, Dorzolamide, Brinzolamide, Dichlorphenamide, Methaolamide (TOPNOTCH)
46
Efficacy decreasedby NSAIDs
Loop Diuretic, Thiazide Diuretics (TOPNOTCH)
47
For hypertension Hypercalciuria, Heart failure, Nephrogenic diabetes insipidius, renal calcium stones
Thiazide Diuretics: Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide, Metolazone (TOPNOTCH)
48
Cause powerful diuresis and increased Ca excretion
Loop Diuretic: Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide (TOPNOTCH)
49
Steroid inhibitors of cytoplasmic aldosterone receptor in cortical collecting ducts. Reduce K excretion;
Spironolactone, Eplerenone(Aldosterone Antagonist) (TOPNOTCH)
50
Inhibitor of ENaC (Epithelial sodium channels) in cortical collecting duct, reduces Na reabsorption and K excretion; for hypokalemia
Amiloride, Triamterene (TOPNOTCH)
51
reduces progression of DM nephropathy and reduces mortality post MI
Eplerenone (ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST - K sparing diuretic) (TOPNOTCH)
52
Osmotic Diuretics
Mannitol, Glycerin, Isosorbide, Urea (TOPNOTCH)
53
Transient volume expansion (hyponatremia, pulmonary edema; followed by hypernatremia) nausea, headache, dehydration, vomiting
Osmotic Diuretics SE (TOPNOTCH)
54
Agonists at V1 and v2 ADH receptors. Activate insertion of aquaporin water channels in collecting tubule.
Antidiuretic hormone, Desmopressin (TOPNOTCH)
55
Antagonist at V1a, V2 receptors; for SIADH and Hyponatremia
Conivaptan, Tolvaptan, Lixivaptan (TOPNOTCH)

PHARMACOLOGY (31 decks)

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