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#‼️PHARMACOLOGY > I - AUTONOMICS > Flashcards

I - AUTONOMICS Flashcards

1
Q

<p>rapidly hydrolyzed by AChE</p>

A

<p>Acetylcholine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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2
Q

<p>resistant to AChE</p>

A

<p>Betanechol (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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3
Q

<p>for Bladder and bowel atony</p>

A

<p>Betanechol (first line), Neostigmine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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4
Q

<p>Nonselective muscarinic and nicotinic agonist , used topically for glaucoma treatment</p>

A

<p>Carbachol (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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5
Q

<p>Partial muscarinic agonist; used for treatment of Glaucoma, Sjogren's syndrome and Sicca syndrome</p>

A

<p>Pilocarpine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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6
Q

<p>Adverse Effects of Acetylcholine</p>

A

<p>CNS stimulation, miosis, cyclospasm, brochoconstriction, excessive GI and GU smooth muscle contraction, increased secretory activity of sweat gland, airways etc, vasodilation (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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7
Q

<p>activates autonomic post ganglionic neurons (both sympathetic and parasympathetic) and skeletal muscle neuromuscular end plants</p>

A

<p>Nicotine(TOPNOTCH)</p>

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8
Q

<p>used exclusively for smoking cessation</p>

A

<p>NICOTINE [C]VARENICLINE [C], LOBELINE</p>

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9
Q

<p>for Myasthenia gravis diagnosis (Tensilon test)</p>

A

<p>Edrophonium (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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10
Q

<p>for Myasthenia gravis treatment; reversal of nondepolarizing muscular blockade</p>

A

<p>Neostigmine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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11
Q

<p>Long Acting Cholinesterase Inhibitors used as Scabicide and Insecticide</p>

A

<p>Malathion, Parathion (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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12
Q

<p>Competitively blocks all muscarinic receptors, antagonizes histamine and serotonin ; for motion sickness, dec. acid secretion in the GIT</p>

A

<p>Scopolamine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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13
Q

<p>DOC for organophosphate poisoning</p>

A

<p>Atropine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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14
Q

<p>for bradycardia, hypersalivation and to decrease airway secretion during general anesthesia</p>

A

<p>Atropine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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15
Q

<p>Mydriatic, cycloplegic in eye examinations</p>

A

<p>ATROPINEHomatropine, Cyclopentolate, Tropicamide (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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16
Q

<p>Competitive nonselective antagonist at muscarinic receptors ; for BA and COPD, not as effective as SABAs but less tachycardia and arrhythmia</p>

A

<p>Ipratropium, Tiotropium (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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17
Q

<p>Nonselective muscarinic antagonist which reduces detrussor smooth muscle tone spasms</p>

A

<p>Oxybutinin (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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18
Q

<p>for decreasing urgency in mild cystitis and dec. bladder spasm after urologic surgery</p>

A

<p>Oxybutinin (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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19
Q

<p>Usual antidote for early stage (48h) cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning, Must be administered before 6-8 hours of organophosphate bond with cholinesterase occurs</p>

A

<p>Pralidoxime (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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20
Q

<p>Competitively blocks all Nn nicotinic Ach receptors ; for Hypertensive emergencies (obsolete)</p>

A

<p>Hexamethonium, Mecamylamine, Trimethaptan (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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21
Q

<p>DOC for Anaphylaxis</p>

A

<p>Epinephrine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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22
Q

<p>used for Cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, asthma, COPD, Hemostasis</p>

A

<p>Epinephrine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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23
Q

<p>for cardiogenic Shock and heart failure</p>

A

<p>Norepinephrine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

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24
Q

<p>causes vasodilation in splanchnic and renal blood vessels ; for cardiogenic Shock and heart failure</p>

A

<p>Dopamine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

25
Q

<p>Beta nonselective sympathomimetic, for Asthma</p>

A

<p>Isoproterenol (TOPNOTCH)</p>

26
Q

<p>SE: Rebound nasal congestion, hypertension, stroke, MI</p>

A

<p>Phenylephrine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

27
Q

<p>A2 agonist, for Hypertension, Cancer pain, opioid withdrawal</p>

A

<p>Clonidine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

28
Q

<p>Sedation, rebound hypertension, dry mouth</p>

A

<p>Clonidine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

29
Q

<p>Sedation, positive Coomb's test (Hemolytic anemia)</p>

A

<p>Methyldopa (TOPNOTCH)</p>

30
Q

<p>A2 agonist; reserved for ophthalmologic use in glaucoma for reduction of intraocular pressure</p>

A

<p>Apraclonidine, Brimonidine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

31
Q

<p>B1 agonist, for cardiogenic shock and acute heart failure</p>

A

<p>Dobutamine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

32
Q

<p>DOC as Asthma reliever, Rapid development of tolerance</p>

A

<p>Albuterol/Salbutamol (TOPNOTCH)</p>

33
Q

<p>D1 agonist, for Hypertension</p>

A

<p>Fenoldopam (TOPNOTCH)</p>

34
Q

<p>D2 agonist, restores dopamine actions in the CNS for Parkinson's disease, prolactinemia</p>

A

<p>Bromocriptine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

35
Q

<p>Irreversibly blocks A1 and A2 receptors resulting to indirect baroreflex activation</p>

A

<p>Phenoxybenzamine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

36
Q

<p>Reversible A1 and A2 receptor antagonist, for Pheochromocytoma and Rebound hypertension</p>

A

<p>Phentolamine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

37
Q

<p>Blocks A1, for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Hypertension</p>

A

<p>Prazosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin (TOPNOTCH)</p>

38
Q

<p>Slightly selective A1a blockade causing relaxation of prostatic smooth muscles > vascular smooth muscle ; for BPH</p>

A

<p>Tamsulosin (TOPNOTCH)</p>

39
Q

<p>Beta blockade > A1 blockade</p>

A

<p>Labetalol (TOPNOTCH)</p>

40
Q

<p>Blocks B1 and B2 receptors</p>

A

<p>Propranolol, Nadolol, Timolol (TOPNOTCH)</p>

41
Q

<p>B1 > B2 blockade</p>

A

<p>Metoprolol, Atenolol, Alprenolol, Betaxolol, Nebivolol (TOPNOTCH)</p>

42
Q

<p>B1, B2 with intrinsic sympathomimetic (partial agonist) effect</p>

A

<p>Pindolol, Acebutolol, Carteolol, Bopindolol, Oxprenolol, Celiprolol, Penbutolol (TOPNOTCH)</p>

43
Q

<p>Beta blockade > A1 blockade</p>

A

<p>Carvedilol, Medoxalol, Bucindolol, Labetalol (TOPNOTCH)</p>

44
Q

<p>B1 > B2 blockade; for rapid control of BP and arrhythmias, thyrotoxicosis and myocardial ischemia intraoperatively ; for Supraventricular tachycardia</p>

A

<p>Esmolol (TOPNOTCH)</p>

45
Q

<p>BB with direct vasodilating effect</p>

A

<p>Nebivolol (TOPNOTCH)</p>

46
Q

<p>BB with local anesthetic effect</p>

A

<p>Propranolol (TOPNOTCH)</p>

47
Q

<p>BB which is safe in pregnant patients</p>

A

<p>Labetalol (TOPNOTCH)</p>

48
Q

<p>Mydriasis without cycloplegia</p>

A

<p>Phenylephrine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

49
Q

<p>Cholinesterase Inhbitors with poor lipid solubility, oral, DOA: 30min-2h</p>

A

<p>Neostigmine (TOPNOTCH)</p>

50
Q

<p>DOC for Alpha-1 agonist overdose</p>

A

<p>Phentolamine</p>

51
Q

<p>drug used for the treatment of orthostatic hypertension</p>

A

<p>Midodrine</p>

52
Q

<p>sympathomimetic avoided in CAD</p>

A

<p><strong>Isoproterenol</strong></p>

<p>*If given to patients with CAD, Isoproterenol won’t induce a compensatory baroreceptor mediated reflex slowing of the HR (because mean arterial pressure is not increased which is a trigger for reflex bradycardia to occur). Therefore, tachycardia in the setting of a CAD patient will worsen the existing coronary problem of the patient</p>

53
Q

<p>DOC for rebound HTN brought about by Clonidine</p>

A

<p>Phentolamine</p>

54
Q

<p>SE includeTachycardia, <strong>Arrhythmias, Tachyphylaxis</strong>, Hypertension,<strong> Eosinophilic myocarditis,</strong> Premature ventricular beats, Angina, Dyspnea, Fever, Headache, Nausea</p>

A

<p>Dobutamine</p>

55
Q

<p>Drug used to induce ischemia in the myocardium</p>

A

<p>Dobutamine</p>

56
Q

<p>has combined a and b blockade (may be used in pheochromocytoma)</p>

A

<p>Carvedilol and Labetalol</p>

57
Q

<p>Lacks Local Anesthetic Activitymaking them useful in glaucoma</p>

A

<p>timolol and Betaxolol</p>

58
Q

<p>Both beta and alpha antagonists</p>

A

<p>• Nebivolol</p>

<p>• Carvedilol</p>

<p>• Labetolol</p>

#‼️PHARMACOLOGY (31 decks)

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