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PHARMACOLOGY > ANTIBIOTICS - ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS > Flashcards

ANTIBIOTICS - ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

A

Monobactam,

Vancomycin

Penicillins,

Cephalosporins,

Carbapenem

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2
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors

“AT CELLS”

A

Aminoglycosides,

Tetracyclines,

Chloramphenicol,

Erythromycin (Macrolides),

Lincosamides (Clindamycin),

Linezolid,

Streptogramins

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3
Q

Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

A

Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole

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4
Q

DNA synthesis inhibitors

A

Rifampin, Fluroquinolones

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5
Q

All protein synthesis inhibitors are bacteriostatic except ______

A

Streptogramins

Aminoglycosides,

Chloramphenicol to the following bugs:

  • Hemophilus influenzae,
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae,
  • Neisseria
  • Bacteroides
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6
Q

What antibiotics are BACTERICIDAL?

“Very Finely Proficient At Murder!”

A

Vancomycin

Fluoroquinolones

Penicillins

Aminoglycosides

Metronidazole

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7
Q

What antibiotics are BACTERIOSTATIC?

“We’re ECSTaTiC about bacteriostatics.”

A

Erythromycin

Clindamycin

Sulfamethoxazole

Trimethoprim

Tetracycline

Chloramphenicol

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8
Q

DOC for syphilis

also used for streptococcal, pneumococcal, meningococcal, G+ bacilli, spirochete infection

A

PENICILLIN G (IV)

PENICILLIN V (oral)

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9
Q

ISOXAZOLYL PENICILLIN (ANTI-STAPHYLOCCAL)

A

METHICILLIN [B], NAFCILLIN [B], OXACILLIN [B], CLOXACILLIN [B], DICLOXACILLIN [B]

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10
Q

anti staph penicillin that causes INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

A

METHICILLIN

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11
Q

anti staph penicillin that causes AGRANULOCYTOSIS, NEUTROPENIA

A

NAFCILLIN

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12
Q

anti staph penicillin that can cause hepatitis

A

oxacillin

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13
Q

can cause rash (c0mmon during infectious mononucleosis inf)

A

amosicillin, ampicillin

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14
Q

antimicrobial coverage of extended spectrum Penicillins (ampicillin and amoxicillin)

Amoxicillin “HELPS kill Enterococci”

A

Haemophilus influenzae

Escherichia coli

Listeria monocytogenes

Proteus mirabilis

Salmonella sp.

Enterococci

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15
Q

ANTIPSEUDOMONAL PENICILLIN

A

PIPERACILLIN [B]

TICARCILLIN [B],

CARBENICILLIN [B]

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16
Q

FIRST GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

A

CeFADroxil

CePHalothin

CePHradine

CeFAZolin

CePHapirin

CePHalexin

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17
Q

Which microbes are covered by the spectrum of activity of first generation cephalosporins?

“PEcK FIRST”

A

PEcK FIRST

Proteus mirabilis

Escherichia coli

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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18
Q

SECOND GENERATION CEPHALOSORINS

A

CEFACLOR, CEFAMANDOLE, CEFMETAZOLE, CEFONICID, CEFUROXIME, CEFPROZIL, CEFORANIDE, CEFOXITIN, CEFOTETAN, LORACARBEF

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19
Q

Which microbes are covered by the spectrum of activity of second generation cephalosporins?

“HEN PEcKS”

A

Haemophilus influenzae

Enterobacter aerogenes

Neisseria spp.

Proteus mirabilis

Escherichia coli

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Serratia marcescens

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20
Q

DOC for gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone and Cefixime

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21
Q

THIRD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN

A

CEFOPERAZONE, CEFOTAXIME, CEFTAZIDIME, CEFTIZOXIME, CEFTRIAXONE, CEFIXIME, CEFPODOXIME PROXETIL, CEFDINIR, CEFDITOREN PIVOXIL, CEFTIBUTEN, MOXALACTAM

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22
Q

All 3rd gen cephalosporins have renal excretion except _____

A

Cefoperazone and Ceftriaxone (biliary excretion)

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23
Q

ANTI-PSEUDOMONAL CEPHALOSPORINS

A

CEFTAZIDIME AND CEFOPERAZONE (3RD GEN)

CEFEPIME (4TH GEN)

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24
Q

All cephalosporins can penetrate the BBB EXCEPT ______

A

Cefoperazone and Cefixime

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25
3rd gen ceph for meningitis. Also the most active Cephalosporins against Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
CEFTRIAXONE AND CEFOTAXIME
26
FOURTH GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN
CEFEPIME, CEFTAROLINE [B], CEFPIROME [B]
27
cephalosporin that has coverage for MRSA
Ceftaroline
28
Carbapenems
**IMIPENEM-CILASTATIN** ERTAPENEM [B], MEROPENEM [B], DORIPENEM [B]
29
inhibits renal metabolism (Hydrolysis) of imipenem by Dihydropeptidase
Cilastatin
30
Cilastatin inhibits what enzyme to prevent degradation of imipenem
Dihydropeptidase enzyme
31
Carbapenems are active against Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter EXCEPT \_\_\_\_
ertapenem
32
the only MONOBACTAM
AZTREONAM
33
Antibiotic limited only to **AEROBIC GRAM NEGATIVE RODS;** also for Penicillin-allergic patients
AZTREONAM
34
BETA-LACTAMASE INHIBITORS; has coverage for Bacteroides Fragilis and Enterobacter
CLAVULANIC ACID SULBACTAM TAZOBACTAM
35
DOC for extended spectrum B lactamase producing Gram neg bacteria (ESBL)
carbapenems
36
most epileptogenic carbapenem
IMIPENEM
37
covarage of Vancomycin
for Gram (+) ONLY
38
DOC for MRSA and Coagulase negative staph (CoNS)
VANCOMYCIN
39
Glycopeptide antibiotics
VANCOMYCIN TEICOPLANIN [B], DALBAVANCIN [C[, TELAVANCIN [C]
40
Which antibiotics are considered drugs of last resort? ## Footnote **"I AM your Last Shot at Victory"**
Imipenem Amikacin Meropenem Linezolid Streptogramins Vancomycin
41
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (2nd line drug)
CYCLOSERINE
42
can cause **"Gray Baby Syndrome"**
Chloramphenicol
43
MOA: Binds 30S ribosomal subunit. Bacteriostatic.
**TETRACYCLINE** DOXYCYCLINE, MINOCYCLINE, DEMECLOCYCLINE, LYMECYCLINE
44
**DOC for ricketssia** can also be used for Infections caused by M. pneumoniae, Chlamydia, and Vibrio, Lyme disease
TETRACYCLINE
45
can be used for eradication of meningococcal carrier state
MINOCYCLINE
46
DOC FOR VIBRIO
TETRACYCLINE
47
can cause **TOOTH ENAMEL DYSPLASIA / DISCOLORATION**
TETRACYCLINE
48
MACROLIDES
ERYTHROMYCIN, AZITHROMYCIN [B], CLARITHROMYCIN [C], TELITHROMYCIN [C], ROXITHROMYCIN [B]
49
LINCOSAMIDES
CLINDAMYCIN, LINCOMYCIN
50
Can be used as endocarditis prophylaxis, for communnity acquired MRSA; for **GRAM (+) ONLY**
Clindamycin
51
antibiotic that can cause Serotonin syndrome (when given together with serotonergic drugs such as SSRIs)
Linezolid
52
examples of drugs with **CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENT KILLING ACTION**
**Aminoglycosides** **Fluoroquinolones** metronidazole streptogramins daptomycin
53
examples of drugs that exhibit **TIME-DEPENDENT KILLING ACTION**
Penicillins, cephalosporins
54
**Post-antibiotic Effect** is seen in what antibiotics?
Aminoglycosides
55
has the narrowest therapeutic window among aminoglycosides
Amikacin
56
Amin**O**glycosides require **O**2 for transport. They won’t work under anaerobic conditions. ## Footnote **Mnemonic for aminoglycosides: "Mean GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes."**
Gentamicin Neomycin Amikacin Tobramycin Streptomycin Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Teratogen
57
once mechanism of inactivation is by **INACTIVATION BY TRANSFERASE ENZYME**
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
58
The most **VESTIBULOTOXIC AND NEPHROTOXIC** aminoglycosides
ToGe ## Footnote **Tobramycin and Gentamycin**
59
most ototoxic aminoglycoside
Kanamycin and amikacin
60
used for drug resistant gonorrhea, Gonorrhea in penicillin-allergic patients
SPECTINOMYCIN
61
**MOA of sulfonamides**
competitive inhibitors of **dihydropteroate synthase**
62
**MOA of Trimethoprim**
selective inhibitor of **bacterial dihydrofolate reductase**
63
identify the missing enzymes
Dihydropteroate Synthase Dihydrofolate reductase
64
identify the drugs that act on each enzyme
Sulfonamides (compete with PABA) Trimethoprim
65
Drug that can cause Metabolic Acidosis and can penetrate eschar
Mafenide Acetate
66
DOC for **TOXOPLASMOSIS**
Sulfadiazine-Pyrimethamine
67
co-administered with Leucovorin to limit bone marrow toxicity
Pyrimethamine
68
interfere with bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting **Topoisomerase II (DNA Gyrase) in** Gram \_\_\_
Gram Negative
69
interfere with bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting **Topoisomerase IV in gram \_\_\_\_**
Gram positive
70
2ND GENERATION FLUOROQUINOLONES
**Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin,** **Norfloxacin,** Lomefloxacin, Enoxacin
71
3 RD GENERATION FLUOROQUINOLONES
**Levofloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Moxifloxacin,** Sparfloxacin, Grepafloxacin, **Gatifloxacin,** Pazufloxacin, Tosufloxacin, Balofloxacin
72
most active agent against Gram Negative organisms esp. Pseudomonas
CIPROFLOXACIN
73
3RD gen fluoroquinolone with **HEPATIC CLEARANCE**
Moxifloxacin so do not use in UTI
74
DOC for amoebiasis, giardiasis and Pseudomembranous colitis
METRONIDAZOLE [B]
75
Most important drug used in tuberculosis (FIRST LINE AGENT)
ISONIAZID
76
Prevent neurotoxicity of Isoniazid by co-administering \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
77
anti TB that Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Bactericidal.
isoniazid
78
MOA: Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase → inhibits RNA production. Bactericidal.
Rifampicin
79
a Rifampin derivative that is not absorbed in the GIT, and so is used for the **prevention of hepatic encephalopathy**, for treatment of **traveler’s diarrhea**, (off-label use: for **IBS and Pseudomembranous colitis**)
RIFAXIMIN
80
equally effective as anti-mycobacterial agent with less drug interaction and it is the **preferred anti-TB for AIDS patients**
RIFABUTIN
81
anti-TB drug: Also known as **“sterilizing agent”**
PYRAZINAMIDE
82
Most hepatotoxic anti-TB drug
Isoniazid \< Rifampin \< **Pyrazinamide**
83
AntiTB drug that the resistance is via mutation in **pncA gene**
pyrazinamide
84
MOA: Inhibits arabinosyl transferases involved in the synthesis of arabinogalactan in mycobacterial cell wall. Bacteriostatic.
ethambutol
85
SE include **Visual disturbances** (decreased visual acuity, red-green color blindness, retrobulbar neuritis, retinal damage)
ethambutol
86
Resistance is due to mutation in **emb gene**
ETHAMBUTOL
87
leprosy drug that cause **Methemoglobinemia, Acute hemolysis in patients with G6PD deficiency**
dapsone
88
leprosy drug that causes **Skin discoloration** (ranging from orange to red brown to nearly black)
Clofazimine

PHARMACOLOGY (31 decks)

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