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#‼️PHARMACOLOGY > ANTIBIOTICS - ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS > Flashcards

ANTIBIOTICS - ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

A

Monobactam,

Vancomycin

Penicillins,

Cephalosporins,

Carbapenem

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2
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors

“AT CELLS”

A

Aminoglycosides,

Tetracyclines,

Chloramphenicol,

Erythromycin (Macrolides),

Lincosamides (Clindamycin),

Linezolid,

Streptogramins

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3
Q

Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

A

Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole

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4
Q

DNA synthesis inhibitors

A

Rifampin, Fluroquinolones

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5
Q

All protein synthesis inhibitors are bacteriostatic except ______

A

Streptogramins

Aminoglycosides,

Chloramphenicol to the following bugs:

  • Hemophilus influenzae,
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae,
  • Neisseria
  • Bacteroides
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6
Q

What antibiotics are BACTERICIDAL?

“Very Finely Proficient At Murder!”

A

Vancomycin

Fluoroquinolones

Penicillins

Aminoglycosides

Metronidazole

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7
Q

What antibiotics are BACTERIOSTATIC?

“We’re ECSTaTiC about bacteriostatics.”

A

Erythromycin

Clindamycin

Sulfamethoxazole

Trimethoprim

Tetracycline

Chloramphenicol

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8
Q

DOC for syphilis

also used for streptococcal, pneumococcal, meningococcal, G+ bacilli, spirochete infection

A

PENICILLIN G (IV)

PENICILLIN V (oral)

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9
Q

ISOXAZOLYL PENICILLIN (ANTI-STAPHYLOCCAL)

A

METHICILLIN [B], NAFCILLIN [B], OXACILLIN [B], CLOXACILLIN [B], DICLOXACILLIN [B]

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10
Q

anti staph penicillin that causes INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

A

METHICILLIN

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11
Q

anti staph penicillin that causes AGRANULOCYTOSIS, NEUTROPENIA

A

NAFCILLIN

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12
Q

anti staph penicillin that can cause hepatitis

A

oxacillin

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13
Q

can cause rash (c0mmon during infectious mononucleosis inf)

A

amosicillin, ampicillin

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14
Q

antimicrobial coverage of extended spectrum Penicillins (ampicillin and amoxicillin)

Amoxicillin “HELPS kill Enterococci”

A

Haemophilus influenzae

Escherichia coli

Listeria monocytogenes

Proteus mirabilis

Salmonella sp.

Enterococci

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15
Q

ANTIPSEUDOMONAL PENICILLIN

A

PIPERACILLIN [B]

TICARCILLIN [B],

CARBENICILLIN [B]

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16
Q

FIRST GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS

A

CeFADroxil

CePHalothin

CePHradine

CeFAZolin

CePHapirin

CePHalexin

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17
Q

Which microbes are covered by the spectrum of activity of first generation cephalosporins?

“PEcK FIRST”

A

PEcK FIRST

Proteus mirabilis

Escherichia coli

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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18
Q

SECOND GENERATION CEPHALOSORINS

A

CEFACLOR, CEFAMANDOLE, CEFMETAZOLE, CEFONICID, CEFUROXIME, CEFPROZIL, CEFORANIDE, CEFOXITIN, CEFOTETAN, LORACARBEF

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19
Q

Which microbes are covered by the spectrum of activity of second generation cephalosporins?

“HEN PEcKS”

A

Haemophilus influenzae

Enterobacter aerogenes

Neisseria spp.

Proteus mirabilis

Escherichia coli

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Serratia marcescens

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20
Q

DOC for gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone and Cefixime

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21
Q

THIRD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN

A

CEFOPERAZONE, CEFOTAXIME, CEFTAZIDIME, CEFTIZOXIME, CEFTRIAXONE, CEFIXIME, CEFPODOXIME PROXETIL, CEFDINIR, CEFDITOREN PIVOXIL, CEFTIBUTEN, MOXALACTAM

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22
Q

All 3rd gen cephalosporins have renal excretion except _____

A

Cefoperazone and Ceftriaxone (biliary excretion)

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23
Q

ANTI-PSEUDOMONAL CEPHALOSPORINS

A

CEFTAZIDIME AND CEFOPERAZONE (3RD GEN)

CEFEPIME (4TH GEN)

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24
Q

All cephalosporins can penetrate the BBB EXCEPT ______

A

Cefoperazone and Cefixime

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25
Q

3rd gen ceph for meningitis. Also the most active Cephalosporins against Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

CEFTRIAXONE AND CEFOTAXIME

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26
Q

FOURTH GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN

A

CEFEPIME, CEFTAROLINE [B], CEFPIROME [B]

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27
Q

cephalosporin that has coverage for MRSA

A

Ceftaroline

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28
Q

Carbapenems

A

IMIPENEM-CILASTATIN

ERTAPENEM [B], MEROPENEM [B], DORIPENEM [B]

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29
Q

inhibits renal metabolism (Hydrolysis) of imipenem by Dihydropeptidase

A

Cilastatin

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30
Q

Cilastatin inhibits what enzyme to prevent degradation of imipenem

A

Dihydropeptidase enzyme

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31
Q

Carbapenems are active against Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter EXCEPT ____

A

ertapenem

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32
Q

the only MONOBACTAM

A

AZTREONAM

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33
Q

Antibiotic limited only to AEROBIC GRAM NEGATIVE RODS; also for Penicillin-allergic patients

A

AZTREONAM

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34
Q

BETA-LACTAMASE INHIBITORS; has coverage for Bacteroides Fragilis and Enterobacter

A

CLAVULANIC ACID

SULBACTAM

TAZOBACTAM

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35
Q

DOC for extended spectrum B lactamase producing Gram neg bacteria (ESBL)

A

carbapenems

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36
Q

most epileptogenic carbapenem

A

IMIPENEM

37
Q

covarage of Vancomycin

A

for Gram (+) ONLY

38
Q

DOC for MRSA and Coagulase negative staph (CoNS)

A

VANCOMYCIN

39
Q

Glycopeptide antibiotics

A

VANCOMYCIN

TEICOPLANIN [B], DALBAVANCIN [C[, TELAVANCIN [C]

40
Q

Which antibiotics are considered drugs of last resort?

“I AM your Last Shot at Victory”

A

Imipenem

Amikacin

Meropenem

Linezolid

Streptogramins

Vancomycin

41
Q

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (2nd line drug)

A

CYCLOSERINE

42
Q

can cause “Gray Baby Syndrome”

A

Chloramphenicol

43
Q

MOA: Binds 30S ribosomal subunit. Bacteriostatic.

A

TETRACYCLINE

DOXYCYCLINE, MINOCYCLINE, DEMECLOCYCLINE, LYMECYCLINE

44
Q

DOC for ricketssia

can also be used for Infections caused by M. pneumoniae, Chlamydia, and Vibrio, Lyme disease

A

TETRACYCLINE

45
Q

can be used for eradication of meningococcal carrier state

A

MINOCYCLINE

46
Q

DOC FOR VIBRIO

A

TETRACYCLINE

47
Q

can cause TOOTH ENAMEL DYSPLASIA / DISCOLORATION

A

TETRACYCLINE

48
Q

MACROLIDES

A

ERYTHROMYCIN, AZITHROMYCIN [B], CLARITHROMYCIN [C], TELITHROMYCIN [C], ROXITHROMYCIN [B]

49
Q

LINCOSAMIDES

A

CLINDAMYCIN, LINCOMYCIN

50
Q

Can be used as endocarditis prophylaxis, for communnity acquired MRSA; for GRAM (+) ONLY

A

Clindamycin

51
Q

antibiotic that can cause Serotonin syndrome (when given together with serotonergic drugs such as SSRIs)

A

Linezolid

52
Q

examples of drugs with CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENT KILLING ACTION

A

Aminoglycosides

Fluoroquinolones

metronidazole

streptogramins

daptomycin

53
Q

examples of drugs that exhibit TIME-DEPENDENT KILLING ACTION

A

Penicillins, cephalosporins

54
Q

Post-antibiotic Effect is seen in what antibiotics?

A

Aminoglycosides

55
Q

has the narrowest therapeutic window among aminoglycosides

A

Amikacin

56
Q

AminOglycosides require O2 for transport. They won’t work under anaerobic conditions.

Mnemonic for aminoglycosides: “Mean GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes.”

A

Gentamicin

Neomycin

Amikacin

Tobramycin

Streptomycin

Nephrotoxicity

Ototoxicity

Teratogen

57
Q

once mechanism of inactivation is by INACTIVATION BY TRANSFERASE ENZYME

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

58
Q

The most VESTIBULOTOXIC AND NEPHROTOXIC aminoglycosides

A

ToGe

Tobramycin and Gentamycin

59
Q

most ototoxic aminoglycoside

A

Kanamycin and amikacin

60
Q

used for drug resistant gonorrhea, Gonorrhea in penicillin-allergic patients

A

SPECTINOMYCIN

61
Q

MOA of sulfonamides

A

competitive inhibitors of dihydropteroate synthase

62
Q

MOA of Trimethoprim

A

selective inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase

63
Q

identify the missing enzymes

A

Dihydropteroate Synthase

Dihydrofolate reductase

64
Q

identify the drugs that act on each enzyme

A

Sulfonamides (compete with PABA)

Trimethoprim

65
Q

Drug that can cause Metabolic Acidosis and can penetrate eschar

A

Mafenide Acetate

66
Q

DOC for TOXOPLASMOSIS

A

Sulfadiazine-Pyrimethamine

67
Q

co-administered with Leucovorin to limit bone marrow toxicity

A

Pyrimethamine

68
Q

interfere with bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting Topoisomerase II (DNA Gyrase) in Gram ___

A

Gram Negative

69
Q

interfere with bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting Topoisomerase IV in gram ____

A

Gram positive

70
Q

2ND GENERATION FLUOROQUINOLONES

A

Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Enoxacin

71
Q

3 RD GENERATION FLUOROQUINOLONES

A

Levofloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Grepafloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Pazufloxacin, Tosufloxacin, Balofloxacin

72
Q

most active agent against Gram Negative organisms esp. Pseudomonas

A

CIPROFLOXACIN

73
Q

3RD gen fluoroquinolone with HEPATIC CLEARANCE

A

Moxifloxacin

so do not use in UTI

74
Q

DOC for amoebiasis, giardiasis and Pseudomembranous colitis

A

METRONIDAZOLE [B]

75
Q

Most important drug used in tuberculosis (FIRST LINE AGENT)

A

ISONIAZID

76
Q

Prevent neurotoxicity of Isoniazid by co-administering ____________

A

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

77
Q

anti TB that Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Bactericidal.

A

isoniazid

78
Q

MOA: Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase → inhibits RNA production. Bactericidal.

A

Rifampicin

79
Q

a Rifampin derivative that is not absorbed in the GIT, and so is used for the prevention of hepatic encephalopathy, for treatment of traveler’s diarrhea, (off-label use: for IBS and Pseudomembranous colitis)

A

RIFAXIMIN

80
Q

equally effective as anti-mycobacterial agent with less drug interaction and it is the preferred anti-TB for AIDS patients

A

RIFABUTIN

81
Q

anti-TB drug: Also known as “sterilizing agent”

A

PYRAZINAMIDE

82
Q

Most hepatotoxic anti-TB drug

A

Isoniazid < Rifampin < Pyrazinamide

83
Q

AntiTB drug that the resistance is via mutation in pncA gene

A

pyrazinamide

84
Q

MOA: Inhibits arabinosyl transferases involved in the synthesis of arabinogalactan in mycobacterial cell wall. Bacteriostatic.

A

ethambutol

85
Q

SE include Visual disturbances (decreased visual acuity, red-green color blindness, retrobulbar neuritis, retinal damage)

A

ethambutol

86
Q

Resistance is due to mutation in emb gene

A

ETHAMBUTOL

87
Q

leprosy drug that cause Methemoglobinemia, Acute hemolysis in patients with G6PD deficiency

A

dapsone

88
Q

leprosy drug that causes Skin discoloration (ranging from orange to red brown to nearly black)

A

Clofazimine

#‼️PHARMACOLOGY (31 decks)

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