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#‼️PHARMACOLOGY > CARDIO - HYPERTENSION > Flashcards

CARDIO - HYPERTENSION Flashcards

1
Q

T-wave inversion

A

HypoKalemia

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2
Q

What drug causes HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA as an IDIOSYNCRATIC REACTION?

A

Methyldopa

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3
Q

Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker

(Cardiac > Vascular)

A

VERAPAMIL

DILTIAZEM

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4
Q

peaked T-waves

A

HyperKalemia

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5
Q

most effective vasodilator

A

NITROPRUSSIDE because it is both an ARTERIOLAR vasodilator and a VENOdilator

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6
Q

TARGET BP

A
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7
Q

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker

(Vascular > Cardiac)

A

NIFEDIPINE

AMLODIPINE [C], FELODIPINE [C], NICARDIPINE [C], NISOLDIPINE [C], CLEVIDIPINE [C], ISRADIPINE [C], LEVAMLODIPINE [D], LACIDIPINE [C], LERCANIDIPINE [C],

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8
Q

Discuss RAAS with drugs

A
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9
Q
A
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10
Q

MOA of furosemide

A

Inhibit Na/K/2Cl transporter in thick ascending limb of loop of Henle. Cause powerful diuresis and increased Ca excretion.

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11
Q

JNC 8 GUIDELINE FOR HTN

A
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12
Q

Vasodilator that acts by Opens K + channels in vascular smooth muscle, causing hyperpolarization, muscle relaxation and vasodilation

A

MINOXIDIL [C], DIAZOXIDE

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13
Q

vasodilator that alters intracellular Ca 2+ metabolism. Relaxes arteriolar smooth muscle, causing vasodilation → Decreases afterload

A

HYDRALAZINE

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14
Q

SE of Methylopa

A

Sedation, Hemolytic anemia (Positive Coombs Test)

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15
Q

Inhibit Na + /Cl - transporter in distal convoluted tubule. Cause moderate diuresis and reduced excretion of calcium

A

THIAZIDE DIURETICS

HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE, CHLORTHALIDONE [B], INDAPAMIDE [B], METOLAZONE [B]

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16
Q

ANtidote to clonidine (a2 agonist)

A

Phentolamine

17
Q

SE of CCBs

A

Constipation, Pretibial edema, Gingival hyperplasia (VERAPAMIL, NIFEDIPINE)

18
Q

class of CCB used for arrhythmia

A

Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker

19
Q

ACEI dilates which arteriole in the kidneys

A

dilate Efferent arterioles.

20
Q

loop diuretic that is not a sulfurderivative, and therefore, can be given to Px with sulfur allergy

A

Ethacrynic acid

21
Q

DRUGS USED IN HTN

A
22
Q

Why do patients taking angiotensin antagonists (ACEis/ARBs) develop hyperkalemia?

A

ACE-Is/ARBs reduce aldosterone levels and cause potassium retention

23
Q

NON SELECTIVE BETA BLOCKERS

A

PROPRANOLOL, PINDOLOL [B], TIMOLOL [C], LABETALOL [C], CARVEDILOL, [C, D in 2 nd & 3 rd trim] NADOLOL [C], LEVOBUNOLOL [C], METIPRANOLOL [C], BETAXOLOL [C], BISOPROLOL [C], NEBIVOLOL

24
Q

Dopamine agonist (D 1 receptor)

A

FENOLDOPAM

*Causes arteriolar vasodilation of the afferent and efferent arterioles. Increases renal blood flow.

25
Q

TOXICITIES of LOOP DIURETICS

A

OH-DANG!

O-totoxicity

H-ypokalemia

D-ehydration

A-llergy to sulfa

N-ephritis

G-out

26
Q

TOXICITIES OF THIAZIDES

A

HYPER-GLUC

G-lycemia

L-ipidemia

U-ricemia

C-alcemia

27
Q

Most common SE of ACEI

A

cough and angioedema

28
Q

Renin antagonist

A

ALISKIREN

29
Q

accelerated form of severe hypertension associated with rising blood pressure and rapidly progressing end-organ damage

A

Malignant Hypertension

Tx: powerful vasodilators (nitroprusside, fenoldopam, or diazoxide) combined with diuretics (furosemide) and beta-blockers to lower BP to 140–160/90–110

30
Q

has combined a and b blockade (may be used in pheochromocytoma)

A

Carvedilol and Labetalol

31
Q

Why are patients with diabetic nephropathy treated with ACEinhibitors?

A

ACE inhibitors decrease albumin excretion and slow progression from micro- to macroalbuminuria (renoprotective effect)

32
Q

What drugs are used to control blood pressure in pheochromocytoma?

A

Phenoxybenzamine, Phentolamine or Labetalol

33
Q

examples of GANGLION BLOCKERS

A

HEXAMETHONIUM, TRIMETHAPHAN [D], MECAMYLAMINE [C]

MOA: Competitively blocks Nn nicotinic ACh receptors

34
Q

increased PR-interval

A

HypoCalcemia

35
Q

major SE of clonidine

A

Sedation and rebound HTN

36
Q

Containdications of ACEI

A

AKI, hyperkalemia, renal artery stenosis

37
Q

decreased PR-interval

A

HyperCalcemia

38
Q

vasodilator that Relaxes venous and arteriolar smooth muscle by increasing NO → ↑ cGMP → smooth muscle relaxation

A

NITROPRUSSIDE

#‼️PHARMACOLOGY (31 decks)

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