how did the war impact the treatment of jews and romani people Flashcards
how did the treatment of jews change between 1939-1945 in germany
It moved from a systematic campaign of persecution to one of segregation and genocide which became the holocaust
around how many jews were murdered
6 million
what is Ghettoisation and when was it
1939-1941 after the invasion of poland, the nazis began forcing jews to live in overcrowded ghettos, where they were confined in terrible conditions.
What were the rules of in the ghettos and the conditions
- you couldn’t leave and would face harsh punishment if you were caught outside.
- starvation, disease and extreme poverty
when did deportations start to happen
1939-1941
what was deportations
When the nazis began to deport jews from Germany and the ghettos to killing centres in Poland
what effect did deportation have on the jews
it further dehumanised them as they were treated like cargo
what was forced Labour and its affects on jews
jews were used as forced labourers for the nazi war effort usually working in brutal conditions in labour camps where many died due to exhaustion and malnutrition and abuse
who were the Einstatzgruppen and what did they do
they were a group of mobile nazi killing units that would carry out jewish shootings, killing women, children and men.
how would the einstazgruppen kill the jews
they would make them dig their own graves, stand in front of them then they would be shot in the head and they would fall into their graves
what was the Wannsee conference
a meeting of high ranking nazi officials. it basically stated that they had found the ‘solution to the jews question’. This decision marked the shift from persecution and forced displacement to mass murder as the solution was death and concentration camps.
when was the Wannsee conference
1942
how were jews dehumanised in the extermination camps,
they were systematically stripped of their humanity and identity. they had their heads shaven, their belongings taken and their bodies tattooed with identification numbers
once arrived at the concentration camps what would happen?
the ones who were deemed unfit for work would be sent to the gas chambers straight away ( elderly, sick and children)
what work would the ones who were able to work do
- slave labour in nazi factories, some companies even set up their base near the camps as they were becoming a hub for industrial production- the ones who couldn’t keep up were killed or sent back to be killed
what tasks would they do at the concentration camps (4)
- sort belongings ( go through the belongings of
- crematorium and sonderkommando
- camp guards or kapos
- medical experiments
sort belongings
( go through the belongings of the murdered and sort them)
sonderkommando
( sonderkommando were a group of prisoners who needed to dispose of the bodies of the murdered ones, they would extract gold teeth, remove corpses from gas chambers and operate the crematoria)
kapos and prison guards
( Some prisoners were signed as part of the capos which were present over serious and responsible for supervising the forced labour they were usually given slightly better treatment so were despised by other Prisoner)
medical experiments
some prisoners like twins and children were made to be a part of horrible experiments by being injected with deadly diseases sterilized or other cruel procedures many of them never survived but the ones who did were permanently disabled )
most famous act of opposition in camp
Sonderkommando Uprising in 1944 when prisoners briefly sabotage one of the Crematory used to burn the bodies
in what ways could they resist (2)
- Smuggling information To the world outside and telling them about the atrocities in the camp
- Resistance by survival despite the constant threat of death some prisoners were able to survive by resilience maintaining hope or through the help of other prisoners who provided food clothing and protection
- Death marches As the Allies advanced in forces began losing the war the Nazis attempted to cover up the evidence of the genocide they forced surviving Jews to march from Compton Poland and Eastern Europe to Camp steeper within Germany the death marches were brutal and many Jews died from exhaustion starvation and exposure along the way
when was the liberation of the camps
1944-1945
what is the period of mass murdering of romani people called
Porajmos
how many Romani were murdered
200000 to 500000
Racial classification and laws
of Romani
In 1933 when the Nazis came to power they intensified discrimination against Romani building on existing prejudices in Germany they were labelled as a social and racially inferior
nureberg laws Romsni
these racial laws targeted mostly jews but also Romani, stripping them of their civil rights and prohibiting marriage between Romani and Aryan race and exclude them from public and normal life.
concentration camps Romani
In 1936 many romanis were sent to concentration camps where they faced brutal treatment; these camps were initially used as prisons for Romany supposedly to combat crime and social behaviour.
did the Einstazgruppen also shoot Romani
yes
Deportations of romani
By 1940 the Nazis began deporting Romani from Germany and Austria where they were often sent to labour or concentration camps.
Ghettoization and forced relocation of romani (what would they do to them in there)
After the invasion of Poland in 1939 Romany were forced into ghettos and made to do forced labour not the officials under the rules of Heinrich Himmler conducted racial studies on romani to determine their ancestry some romani were subjected to Medical experiments and thousands were sterilised and do not see eugenic policies to prevent them from reproducing.
when did mass deportations and exterminations of romani start to happen
1941
where were the romani held
held in a segregated ‘Gypsy Family Camp’ where they were subjected to horrific conditions like medical experiments and forced labour and ultimately murder.
what was the aushwitz liquidation
On August 2nd 1944 the ‘Gypsy family Camp’ Auschwitz was liquidated around 3,000 were many men women and children were cast and this event is commemorated as Roma Holocaust Memorial Day.
did the romani people recieve a lot of recognition for their trauma after the war?
no only a little after a few decades.
