how did the war impact the treatment of jews and romani people

Question 1

how did the treatment of jews change between 1939-1945 in germany

Answer 1

It moved from a systematic campaign of persecution to one of segregation and genocide which became the holocaust

Question 2

around how many jews were murdered

Answer 2

6 million

Question 3

what is Ghettoisation and when was it

Answer 3

1939-1941 after the invasion of poland, the nazis began forcing jews to live in overcrowded ghettos, where they were confined in terrible conditions.

Question 4

What were the rules of in the ghettos and the conditions

Answer 4

• you couldn’t leave and would face harsh punishment if you were caught outside.
• starvation, disease and extreme poverty

Question 5

when did deportations start to happen

Answer 5

1939-1941

Question 6

what was deportations

Answer 6

When the nazis began to deport jews from Germany and the ghettos to killing centres in Poland

Question 7

what effect did deportation have on the jews

Answer 7

it further dehumanised them as they were treated like cargo

Question 8

what was forced Labour and its affects on jews

Answer 8

jews were used as forced labourers for the nazi war effort usually working in brutal conditions in labour camps where many died due to exhaustion and malnutrition and abuse

Question 9

who were the Einstatzgruppen and what did they do

Answer 9

they were a group of mobile nazi killing units that would carry out jewish shootings, killing women, children and men.

Question 10

how would the einstazgruppen kill the jews

Answer 10

they would make them dig their own graves, stand in front of them then they would be shot in the head and they would fall into their graves

Question 11

what was the Wannsee conference

Answer 11

a meeting of high ranking nazi officials. it basically stated that they had found the ‘solution to the jews question’. This decision marked the shift from persecution and forced displacement to mass murder as the solution was death and concentration camps.

Question 12

when was the Wannsee conference

Answer 12

1942

Question 13

how were jews dehumanised in the extermination camps,

Answer 13

they were systematically stripped of their humanity and identity. they had their heads shaven, their belongings taken and their bodies tattooed with identification numbers

Question 14

once arrived at the concentration camps what would happen?

Answer 14

the ones who were deemed unfit for work would be sent to the gas chambers straight away ( elderly, sick and children)

Question 15

what work would the ones who were able to work do

Answer 15

• slave labour in nazi factories, some companies even set up their base near the camps as they were becoming a hub for industrial production- the ones who couldn’t keep up were killed or sent back to be killed

Question 16

what tasks would they do at the concentration camps (4)

Answer 16

• sort belongings ( go through the belongings of
• crematorium and sonderkommando
• camp guards or kapos
• medical experiments

Question 17

sort belongings

Answer 17

( go through the belongings of the murdered and sort them)

Question 18

sonderkommando

Answer 18

( sonderkommando were a group of prisoners who needed to dispose of the bodies of the murdered ones, they would extract gold teeth, remove corpses from gas chambers and operate the crematoria)

Question 19

kapos and prison guards

Answer 19

( Some prisoners were signed as part of the capos which were present over serious and responsible for supervising the forced labour they were usually given slightly better treatment so were despised by other Prisoner)

Question 20

medical experiments

Answer 20

some prisoners like twins and children were made to be a part of horrible experiments by being injected with deadly diseases sterilized or other cruel procedures many of them never survived but the ones who did were permanently disabled )

Question 21

most famous act of opposition in camp

Answer 21

Sonderkommando Uprising in 1944 when prisoners briefly sabotage one of the Crematory used to burn the bodies

Question 22

in what ways could they resist (2)

Answer 22

• Smuggling information To the world outside and telling them about the atrocities in the camp
• Resistance by survival despite the constant threat of death some prisoners were able to survive by resilience maintaining hope or through the help of other prisoners who provided food clothing and protection
• Death marches As the Allies advanced in forces began losing the war the Nazis attempted to cover up the evidence of the genocide they forced surviving Jews to march from Compton Poland and Eastern Europe to Camp steeper within Germany the death marches were brutal and many Jews died from exhaustion starvation and exposure along the way

Question 23

when was the liberation of the camps

Answer 23

1944-1945

Question 24

what is the period of mass murdering of romani people called

Answer 24

Porajmos

Question 25

how many Romani were murdered

Answer 25

200000 to 500000

Question 26

Racial classification and laws
of Romani

Answer 26

In 1933 when the Nazis came to power they intensified discrimination against Romani building on existing prejudices in Germany they were labelled as a social and racially inferior

Question 27

nureberg laws Romsni

Answer 27

these racial laws targeted mostly jews but also Romani, stripping them of their civil rights and prohibiting marriage between Romani and Aryan race and exclude them from public and normal life.

Question 28

concentration camps Romani

Answer 28

In 1936 many romanis were sent to concentration camps where they faced brutal treatment; these camps were initially used as prisons for Romany supposedly to combat crime and social behaviour.

Question 29

did the Einstazgruppen also shoot Romani

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

Deportations of romani

Answer 30

By 1940 the Nazis began deporting Romani from Germany and Austria where they were often sent to labour or concentration camps.

Question 31

Ghettoization and forced relocation of romani (what would they do to them in there)

Answer 31

After the invasion of Poland in 1939 Romany were forced into ghettos and made to do forced labour not the officials under the rules of Heinrich Himmler conducted racial studies on romani to determine their ancestry some romani were subjected to Medical experiments and thousands were sterilised and do not see eugenic policies to prevent them from reproducing.

Question 32

when did mass deportations and exterminations of romani start to happen

Answer 32

1941

Question 33

where were the romani held

Answer 33

held in a segregated ‘Gypsy Family Camp’ where they were subjected to horrific conditions like medical experiments and forced labour and ultimately murder.

Question 34

what was the aushwitz liquidation

Answer 34

On August 2nd 1944 the ‘Gypsy family Camp’ Auschwitz was liquidated around 3,000 were many men women and children were cast and this event is commemorated as Roma Holocaust Memorial Day.

Question 35

did the romani people recieve a lot of recognition for their trauma after the war?

Answer 35

no only a little after a few decades.