hitlers foreign policies Flashcards
There were three main aims in his foreign policy:
- revise treaty of versailles (rearm and recover lost land)
- unite all german people into one Reich
- expand the living space (Lebensraum) for German people
when did Britain and Germany sign the naval agreement
june 1935
what was the naval agreement
Germany could rearm its navy as long as it was smaller than 35% of Britains navy
what did the anglo-german agreement cause between France and Britain
caused tensions because the last thing that France wanted was for Germany to start rearming, and Britain was acting selfishly so that they could control germany
when does the disarmament conference start
1932
disarmament conference is also called
geneva conference
main aims of geneva conference (3)
- stop use of civillian bombing
- ban the use of chemical gases
- reduce the size of armies to prevent an arms race that could destabilize international peace.
do the ams at the geneva conference succeed
no. they’re rejected
what did Germany want the other countries that were part of the conference to do
disarm to their level
what happens in 1932 with germany at the disarmament conference
when the other countries refuse to disarm, Germany leaves
when does Germany permanently leave the conference and LON
1933
when does the conference end and how/what outcome
1934 with the countries rebuilding their armaments
when did japan invade manchuria
1931
when did Hitler rearm the rhineland
1936
when was the abbysinia crisis
1935
how did britain react to germany rearming the rhineland
Britain did not do anything also because they were busy trying to deal with the abbysinia crisis. They were also trying a method of appeasement because they wanted to avoid war with Germany
how did the league of nations react to the manchuria crisis
it took the over a year to decide what to do and condemn japan but by then japan was already in control of the region
when did Japan leave the LON
1933
why was the LON not able to impose economical sanctions on Japan after manchuria crisis
because Japans main trading partner was the USA ( not part of the LON)
how did the outcome of manchuria crisis show the LON to be weak
showed nations they could act aggresively without consequences and LON wouldn’t really do anything
what happened in 1935 (italy)
abbysinia crisis
what happened in abbysinia in 1935
conflict between ethiopian & italian troops lead to Mussolini invading abbysinia
how did the LON react to the invasion of abbysinia
Britain wanted to continue its method of appeasement but ended up placing a ban on trade weapons to italy and france is scared of war but also agrees with the ban
- the USSR encourgaes lon to take action
why did the lack of action from the LON make germany feel like they could do whatever they wanted once they remilitarized the rhineland
because hitler had taken a huge risk in remilitarising the rhineland as he had broken the treaty of versailles as well as the locarno pact and so France and Britain would have been entitled to enter germany and stop him, but as they didn’t he saw it as an opportunity to keep expanding
what did the LON do about italy and abbysinia
- placed sanctions on Italy banning sales of weapons and metals
- it did not ban sales of oil and coal OR close the suez canal so italy could still continue its invasion
when did italy leave the LON
1937
main reason LON wasn’t able to impose strong sanctions on Italy
france was hesitant to antagonise Italy after the remilitarisation of the rhineland and they were distracted by that so weren’t focusing on abbysinia
rhineland events summary
in 1936 Hitler took a big risk in remilitarising the rhineland, he had broken the locarno treaties meaning France and britain could have invaded him if needed
he was able to have a force of 20,000 which was quite weak but France and Britain didn’t know this
F & B were also worried about Abbysinia so left germany alone
next time HItler would take a bigger risk
when did the spanish civil war break out
1936
summary of events in spain
a civil war between republicans and right wing nationalists under general franco’s rule broke out in 1936
who was general franco and did he have support
he was a fascist right wing general with support of right wing rebels in the army
what did Britain and france do in response to spanish civil war
led a non intervention comitee saying that countries were not to get involved
what did hitler and Mussolini do about the spanish civil war
they sent troops to fight on general Franco’s side because they wanted to help in what they saw an international fight against communism
what were the international brigades
volounteers from different countries that travelled to spain during civil war to help fight on both sides
what is the anti-comintern pact
an anti communist alliance between germany and japan
when was the anticomintern pact signed
1936
what was the rome berlin axis
political and military alliance between Italy and Germany
when was rome berlin axis formed
1936
what did britain promise Belgium and France after 1936 if they were invaded
military support
when and how did Japan join the axis alliance
in 1937, through the anti.comintern pact
when did italy join the anti-comintern pact
1937
aim of azis alliance
was explicitly a military alliance aimed at territorial expansion and global dominance during World War II.
It had shared goals of defeating the Allies
in march 1938, Hitler was very focused on a specific aim, which one
anchsluss
what did the TOV state about Germany and Austria
they couldn’t be unified
Austria shared a border with
sudetenland ( Czechoslovakia)
what was sudetenland
largely german speaking part of Czechoslovakia that bordered with Austria
what ultimatum did Hitler give in 1938
that he would invade Czechoslovakia in october
by 1938, what had France and Briatin agreed with czechoslovakia
that they would protect it
( by the ultimatum britain had already prepared its navy)
how did they try and prevent war in 1938
through the munich agreement
Munich agreement was attended by
Italy, Germany, France, Britain
who was not invited to munich agreement
Czechoslovakia and USSR
Was the munich agreement a controversial event that might have led to outbreak of the war
yes
what was decided at the munich conference
munich greement which stated that Hitler ould invade the Sudetenland and it would become a part of Germany but Germany needed to leave the rest of Czechoslovakia alone
munich agreement is seen as the
biggest example of appeasement
when was Czechoslovakia told about the munich agreement and why did they give in
after it happened and they couldn’t fight Germany alone so surrendered Sudetenland
why did Hitler want the sudetenland
3 million ethnic Germans lived there and he wanted them all to live under his Reich
what did germany do after the munich conference
invaded rest of Czechoslovakia and then poland which started ww2
when did hitler breask the munich agreement
1939
how did France and Britain realise that hitler would stop at nothing and appeasement wouldn’t work
when Hitler broke the munich agreement in 1939 and invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia, they realised he would not stop his plans to expand Germany
how did Britain and France protect poland and how did it start WW2
They told hitler if he invaded poland tey would go to war but because of the amount of appeasement then Hitler didn’t believe them so he did it anyway and so war started
when did ww2 start
1939
when was the nazi/societ non agression pact signed
august 1939
what was the nazi-soviet non agression pact
Stalin was terrified of Hitler’s Germany but he had lost hope that Britain and France would protect him so he signed a non agression pact with germany
why were france & britain shocked about the nazi-soviet non aggression pact
because soviets were communists and hitler hated communists
how did the nazi soviet non agression pact benefit hitler
because it allowed him to invade east poland and get the danzig corridor which would connect the east germans with the others
what did hitler and Stalin secretly agree on
to split poland between then
what does stalin do in the 1930s
goes on a purge and kills soldiers from the red army because he sees them as a threat but this meant he didn’t have an efficient or big army and needed the protection from hitler even though he knew that at one point hitler would betray him ( he needed time to rebuild his army)
why does Hitler want the danzig corridor in poland
to connect the 2 parts of germany he has ( living space) ( one reich)
steps that lead to the war (5)
- nazi soviet agreement is formed in 1939 which is huge shock
- Germany invaded poland in september
- britain and france declare war on germany 2 days later
- USSR invades poland for its half on 17th september
- war broke out
why did Stalin form the union with Hitler
because france and britain had isolated them because they were communist and had not made them feel safe
why did Hitler want an ‘alliance’ with Stalin
because his plan was to invadethe west (france) but the USSR was in alliance with frnace and so as those countries were around germany, Hitler would be surrounded so if hitler formed alliance with USSR, he could invade france, and then societ union as they wouldn’t protect each other
when was munich conference
september 1938
