HM MAN ch 7: oral A&P Flashcards
What are the three developmental periods that teeth go through?
Growth
Calcification
Eruption
During what week of prenatal life does dental devolopment usually begin?
5-6 week
The growth period of develping teeth is divided into what three stages?
Bud
Cap
Bell
Usually ___ tooth buds are present in each dental arch and they give rise to future primary teeth during the bud stage of develpoment.
10
The __ stage of tooth development is known as proliferation.
Cap stage
the last period of growth for teeth is the __ stage.
It is also known as
Bell stage
which stage of tooth growth is also known as histodifferentiation?
bell stage.
As the tooth begins the bell stage, it begins to take shape and form through a process called what?
morphodifferentiation
__ is the process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by a deposit of calcium or any mineral salts.
calcificaiton.
For permanent teeth, it takes about __ years from crown completion to the time the tooth emerges into the mouth.
3 years
When primary teeth prepare to fall out and make way for the eruption of permanent teeth, they go through a process called ___.
exfoliation.
___ is the study of anatomy including the minute structure, composition and functions of tissue.
Histology
A tooth is divided into two parts: the ___ and one or more ___.
crown
roots
The crown is divided into the ___ and ___ crown.
Anatomic
Clinical
the ___ crown is the portion of the tooth encased in enamel.
Anatomic
the term ___ crown is applied to the part of the crown exposed in the mouth.
clinical
the root of a tooth is covered by cementum and embedded in a thin layer of compact bone that forms the ___.
tooth socket.
The tooth socket is also called the ___
alveolar bone
What is the region of the tooth where the roots sparate?
furcation
when a tooth has two roots is is considered ___.
bifurcated
when a tooth has three roots is is considered ___.
trifurcated.
If a tooth has four or more roots, it is said to be ___.
multirooted
what is the tip of each root is called?
apex
what is the opening where blood vessels and nerves pass into the tooth called?
apical foramen
what is the cervix or cervical line on a tooth?
a slight indentation that encircles the tooth and marks the junction of anatomical crown with the root.
What coloc is enamel?
yellowish to grayish white
what is the hardest tissue in the human body?
enamel
enamel consists of approximately __% inorganic material and _% organic materials, and __% water?
96%
1%
3%
Enamel can endure crushing pressure of approximately ___ punds per square inch.
100,000
what color is dentin?
light yellow
is dentin more or less dense than enamel?
less
___ is harder than bone but softer than enamel.
dentin
dentin consists of approximately __% inorgainic matter, __% organic matter, and water.
70% inorganic
30% organic
what is the bonelike tissue that covers the roots of the teeth in a thin layer?
cementum
cementum is approximately __% organic material and __% inorganic.
55%
45%
what is at the end or apex of the radicular pulp?
apical forarm
what is the soft tissue inside the tooth?
dental pulp
where is dental pulp developed?
from the connective tissue of the denal papilla
What is the chief function of the pulp?
formation of dentin
what are the four things that ther periodontium consists of?
cementum
alveolar process of the maxillae and mandible
periodontal ligament
gingiva
what is considered as both a basic part of the tooth and a component of the periodontium?
cementum
what is the highest poin of the alveolar ridge?
alveolar crest
when readiographed what bone would appear web-like?
trabecular bone
what type of bone is a thin layer of compact bone?
alveolar bone proper
what connects the tooth to the bony socket?
periodontal liagament
what are the three types of oral mucosa?
masticatory mucosa
lining mucosa
specialized mucosa
which oral mucosa is comprised of the hard palate and the gingiva?
masticatory mucosa
which portion is approximately 1 to 3 mm wide and forms the soft tissue wall of the gingival sulcus next to the tooth?
unattached gingiva
What are the four structures of the unattahed gingiva?
gingival margin
gingival sulcus
epithelial attachment
interdental papilla
what is the area that is first to show symptoms of gingivitis?
gingival margin
what area is between the unattached gingiva and the tooth where popcorn hulls get trapped?
gingival sulcus
Whch are prevents food from packing between the teeth?
interdental papilla
Whatr are the three dentition periods?
primary
permanent
mixed
the primary dentition consists of __ primary teeth refered to as baby teeth.
20
the permanent dentition consists of __ teeth which are called adult teeth.
32
how many teeth are embedded within the alveolar process of the mandible?
16
each dental arch is composed of __ anteriors and __ postierior teeth
6
10
what are the four quadrants of the mouth?
right maxillary quadrant
right mandibular quadrant
left mandibular quadrant
left maxillary quadrant
each quadrant of the mouth has _ anterior and _ posterior teeth.
3
5
each quadrant has 8 permanent teeth: __ incisors, __ cuspids, __ bicuspids, and __ molars.
2 incisors
one cuspid
two bicuspids
three molars
what tooth is positioned immediately to the side of the midline?
central incisor
what is the name of the tooth to the side of the central incisor?
lateral incisor
What are the third molar are called?
wisdom teeth
what are the four classes of treeth?
incisors
cuspids
bicuspids
molars
the lingual surface of incisors have what type of appearance?
shovel-shapped
which class of teeth is also known as canines?
cuspids
what are bicuspids used for?
cutting and tearing of food
do molars gradually get larger or smaller from the first to third molar?
smaller
how man cusps do molars have?
four or five
what is the simplified method of identifying teeth that is approved by the american dental association and used by the armed services?
universal numbering system
what numbers do the universal numbering system employs numbers for each teeth.
1-32
using the universal numbering system what tooth is considered number 1?
maxillary right third molar
using the universal numbering system what tooth is considered number 16?
maxillary left third molar
using the universal numbering system what tooth is considered number 17?
mandibular left third molar
using the universal numbering system what tooth is considered number 32?
mandibular right third molar
how many primary teeth are identified on the dental chart by using capital letters and what are the letters?
20
A-T
Dental chards use a lettering system to identify teeth. what tooth has the letter A?
Upper right second primary molar
the standard dental chard shows each of the teeth “unfolded” so that what four surfaces of the teeth can be shown?
facial
occlusal
incisal
lingual
the ___ surfae of a tooth that faces toward the lips or cheeks.
facial
which surface of a tooth is known as facial?
the surface of a tooth that faces toward the lips or cheeks.
the ___ is the proximal surface closest to the midline or middle of the arch.
mesial
describe the mesial surface of a tooth.
the proximal surface closest to the midline
___ is the opposite of mesial and is oriented away from the midline of the arch
distal
describe the distal surface of a tooth
the opposite of mesial and is oriented away from the midline of the arch
the __ is the surface of an anterior or posterior tooth that faces toward the tongue.
lingual
describe the lingual surface of a tooth.
the surface of an anterior or posterior tooth that faces toward the tongue.
how many proximal surfaces are there on a tooth?
two
what are the two promial surfaces of teeth?
mesial
distal
What is the poin on the proximal surface where two adjacent teeth actually tounch each other?
contact point
what is the area between the teeth called?
interproximal space
what occupies an area bordered by interdental papilla?
embrasure
what is it called if there is no contach point between the teeth?
diastema
what is the surface of a tooth that is the broad chewing surface found on the posterior teeth?
occlusal
what is the curve of spee?
when the posterior teeth do not form a flat plane and they curve slightly
how many classes of dental angles are there?
three
what is a class I dental angle?
patient’s profile is characterized as normal
what is a class II dental angle?
Patient’s profile is defiecient in chin lentgh and characterized as a returded profile (over Bite)
What is a class III denal angle?
Patient’s profile is excessive in chin lenght and characterized as protruded (under bite)
what is the study of the form and shape?
tooth morphology
the facial surcae of central incisor resemble what type of outline?
thumbnail
Which teeth are the first permanent teeth to erupt?
mandibular central incisors
what is the longest tooth in either jaw?
maxillary cuspids
which tooth is also called a cinine tooth
maxillary cuspids
what tooth is considered to be the typical bicuspid?
maxillary first bicuspid
sometime what tooth is called a premolar?
maxillary first bicuspid
what is the smalles of the four bicuspids?
mandibular first bicuspid
what tooth is also know as a 6-year molar?
maxillary first molar
which teeth are often called 12-year molars?
maxillary second molars
which toothe are called wisdom teeth?
third molars
which is the first permanent tooth to erupt?
mandibular first molar
___ is a pointed or rounded elevation of the enamel found on cuspids and on the chewing surfaces fo bicuspids and molars.
cusp
___ is found on the lingual aspect of an anterior tooth.
cingulum
___ is a linear fault that sometimes occurs in a developmental groove by incomplete or imperfect joining of the lobes
fissure
__ are centrally located depression found on the occlusal surface of molars and mandibular secon bicuspids.
central fossa
___ irregular, shallow depression found on the lingual surfaces of an incisor or cuspid.
lingual fossa
__ located adjacent to the marginal ridges on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth.
triangular fossa
___ a small linear depression on the surface of a tooth
groove
___ are small rounded profection of enamel from the incisal edges of newly erupted anterior teeth.
mamelons
