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advancement instructions > HM MAN ch 7: oral A&P > Flashcards

HM MAN ch 7: oral A&P Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three developmental periods that teeth go through?

A

Growth
Calcification
Eruption

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2
Q

During what week of prenatal life does dental devolopment usually begin?

A

5-6 week

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3
Q

The growth period of develping teeth is divided into what three stages?

A

Bud
Cap
Bell

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4
Q

Usually ___ tooth buds are present in each dental arch and they give rise to future primary teeth during the bud stage of develpoment.

A

10

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5
Q

The __ stage of tooth development is known as proliferation.

A

Cap stage

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6
Q

the last period of growth for teeth is the __ stage.

It is also known as

A

Bell stage

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7
Q

which stage of tooth growth is also known as histodifferentiation?

A

bell stage.

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8
Q

As the tooth begins the bell stage, it begins to take shape and form through a process called what?

A

morphodifferentiation

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9
Q

__ is the process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by a deposit of calcium or any mineral salts.

A

calcificaiton.

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10
Q

For permanent teeth, it takes about __ years from crown completion to the time the tooth emerges into the mouth.

A

3 years

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11
Q

When primary teeth prepare to fall out and make way for the eruption of permanent teeth, they go through a process called ___.

A

exfoliation.

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12
Q

___ is the study of anatomy including the minute structure, composition and functions of tissue.

A

Histology

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13
Q

A tooth is divided into two parts: the ___ and one or more ___.

A

crown

roots

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14
Q

The crown is divided into the ___ and ___ crown.

A

Anatomic

Clinical

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15
Q

the ___ crown is the portion of the tooth encased in enamel.

A

Anatomic

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16
Q

the term ___ crown is applied to the part of the crown exposed in the mouth.

A

clinical

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17
Q

the root of a tooth is covered by cementum and embedded in a thin layer of compact bone that forms the ___.

A

tooth socket.

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18
Q

The tooth socket is also called the ___

A

alveolar bone

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19
Q

What is the region of the tooth where the roots sparate?

A

furcation

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20
Q

when a tooth has two roots is is considered ___.

A

bifurcated

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21
Q

when a tooth has three roots is is considered ___.

A

trifurcated.

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22
Q

If a tooth has four or more roots, it is said to be ___.

A

multirooted

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23
Q

what is the tip of each root is called?

A

apex

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24
Q

what is the opening where blood vessels and nerves pass into the tooth called?

A

apical foramen

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25
Q

what is the cervix or cervical line on a tooth?

A

a slight indentation that encircles the tooth and marks the junction of anatomical crown with the root.

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26
Q

What coloc is enamel?

A

yellowish to grayish white

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27
Q

what is the hardest tissue in the human body?

A

enamel

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28
Q

enamel consists of approximately __% inorganic material and _% organic materials, and __% water?

A

96%
1%
3%

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29
Q

Enamel can endure crushing pressure of approximately ___ punds per square inch.

A

100,000

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30
Q

what color is dentin?

A

light yellow

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31
Q

is dentin more or less dense than enamel?

A

less

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32
Q

___ is harder than bone but softer than enamel.

A

dentin

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33
Q

dentin consists of approximately __% inorgainic matter, __% organic matter, and water.

A

70% inorganic

30% organic

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34
Q

what is the bonelike tissue that covers the roots of the teeth in a thin layer?

A

cementum

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35
Q

cementum is approximately __% organic material and __% inorganic.

A

55%

45%

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36
Q

what is at the end or apex of the radicular pulp?

A

apical forarm

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37
Q

what is the soft tissue inside the tooth?

A

dental pulp

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38
Q

where is dental pulp developed?

A

from the connective tissue of the denal papilla

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39
Q

What is the chief function of the pulp?

A

formation of dentin

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40
Q

what are the four things that ther periodontium consists of?

A

cementum
alveolar process of the maxillae and mandible
periodontal ligament
gingiva

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41
Q

what is considered as both a basic part of the tooth and a component of the periodontium?

A

cementum

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42
Q

what is the highest poin of the alveolar ridge?

A

alveolar crest

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43
Q

when readiographed what bone would appear web-like?

A

trabecular bone

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44
Q

what type of bone is a thin layer of compact bone?

A

alveolar bone proper

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45
Q

what connects the tooth to the bony socket?

A

periodontal liagament

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46
Q

what are the three types of oral mucosa?

A

masticatory mucosa
lining mucosa
specialized mucosa

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47
Q

which oral mucosa is comprised of the hard palate and the gingiva?

A

masticatory mucosa

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48
Q

which portion is approximately 1 to 3 mm wide and forms the soft tissue wall of the gingival sulcus next to the tooth?

A

unattached gingiva

49
Q

What are the four structures of the unattahed gingiva?

A

gingival margin
gingival sulcus
epithelial attachment
interdental papilla

50
Q

what is the area that is first to show symptoms of gingivitis?

A

gingival margin

51
Q

what area is between the unattached gingiva and the tooth where popcorn hulls get trapped?

A

gingival sulcus

52
Q

Whch are prevents food from packing between the teeth?

A

interdental papilla

53
Q

Whatr are the three dentition periods?

A

primary
permanent
mixed

54
Q

the primary dentition consists of __ primary teeth refered to as baby teeth.

A

20

55
Q

the permanent dentition consists of __ teeth which are called adult teeth.

A

32

56
Q

how many teeth are embedded within the alveolar process of the mandible?

A

16

57
Q

each dental arch is composed of __ anteriors and __ postierior teeth

A

6

10

58
Q

what are the four quadrants of the mouth?

A

right maxillary quadrant
right mandibular quadrant
left mandibular quadrant
left maxillary quadrant

59
Q

each quadrant of the mouth has _ anterior and _ posterior teeth.

A

3

5

60
Q

each quadrant has 8 permanent teeth: __ incisors, __ cuspids, __ bicuspids, and __ molars.

A

2 incisors
one cuspid
two bicuspids
three molars

61
Q

what tooth is positioned immediately to the side of the midline?

A

central incisor

62
Q

what is the name of the tooth to the side of the central incisor?

A

lateral incisor

63
Q

What are the third molar are called?

A

wisdom teeth

64
Q

what are the four classes of treeth?

A

incisors
cuspids
bicuspids
molars

65
Q

the lingual surface of incisors have what type of appearance?

A

shovel-shapped

66
Q

which class of teeth is also known as canines?

A

cuspids

67
Q

what are bicuspids used for?

A

cutting and tearing of food

68
Q

do molars gradually get larger or smaller from the first to third molar?

A

smaller

69
Q

how man cusps do molars have?

A

four or five

70
Q

what is the simplified method of identifying teeth that is approved by the american dental association and used by the armed services?

A

universal numbering system

71
Q

what numbers do the universal numbering system employs numbers for each teeth.

A

1-32

72
Q

using the universal numbering system what tooth is considered number 1?

A

maxillary right third molar

73
Q

using the universal numbering system what tooth is considered number 16?

A

maxillary left third molar

74
Q

using the universal numbering system what tooth is considered number 17?

A

mandibular left third molar

75
Q

using the universal numbering system what tooth is considered number 32?

A

mandibular right third molar

76
Q

how many primary teeth are identified on the dental chart by using capital letters and what are the letters?

A

20

A-T

77
Q

Dental chards use a lettering system to identify teeth. what tooth has the letter A?

A

Upper right second primary molar

78
Q

the standard dental chard shows each of the teeth “unfolded” so that what four surfaces of the teeth can be shown?

A

facial
occlusal
incisal
lingual

79
Q

the ___ surfae of a tooth that faces toward the lips or cheeks.

A

facial

80
Q

which surface of a tooth is known as facial?

A

the surface of a tooth that faces toward the lips or cheeks.

81
Q

the ___ is the proximal surface closest to the midline or middle of the arch.

A

mesial

82
Q

describe the mesial surface of a tooth.

A

the proximal surface closest to the midline

83
Q

___ is the opposite of mesial and is oriented away from the midline of the arch

A

distal

84
Q

describe the distal surface of a tooth

A

the opposite of mesial and is oriented away from the midline of the arch

85
Q

the __ is the surface of an anterior or posterior tooth that faces toward the tongue.

A

lingual

86
Q

describe the lingual surface of a tooth.

A

the surface of an anterior or posterior tooth that faces toward the tongue.

87
Q

how many proximal surfaces are there on a tooth?

A

two

88
Q

what are the two promial surfaces of teeth?

A

mesial

distal

89
Q

What is the poin on the proximal surface where two adjacent teeth actually tounch each other?

A

contact point

90
Q

what is the area between the teeth called?

A

interproximal space

91
Q

what occupies an area bordered by interdental papilla?

A

embrasure

92
Q

what is it called if there is no contach point between the teeth?

A

diastema

93
Q

what is the surface of a tooth that is the broad chewing surface found on the posterior teeth?

A

occlusal

94
Q

what is the curve of spee?

A

when the posterior teeth do not form a flat plane and they curve slightly

95
Q

how many classes of dental angles are there?

A

three

96
Q

what is a class I dental angle?

A

patient’s profile is characterized as normal

97
Q

what is a class II dental angle?

A

Patient’s profile is defiecient in chin lentgh and characterized as a returded profile (over Bite)

98
Q

What is a class III denal angle?

A

Patient’s profile is excessive in chin lenght and characterized as protruded (under bite)

99
Q

what is the study of the form and shape?

A

tooth morphology

100
Q

the facial surcae of central incisor resemble what type of outline?

A

thumbnail

101
Q

Which teeth are the first permanent teeth to erupt?

A

mandibular central incisors

102
Q

what is the longest tooth in either jaw?

A

maxillary cuspids

103
Q

which tooth is also called a cinine tooth

A

maxillary cuspids

104
Q

what tooth is considered to be the typical bicuspid?

A

maxillary first bicuspid

105
Q

sometime what tooth is called a premolar?

A

maxillary first bicuspid

106
Q

what is the smalles of the four bicuspids?

A

mandibular first bicuspid

107
Q

what tooth is also know as a 6-year molar?

A

maxillary first molar

108
Q

which teeth are often called 12-year molars?

A

maxillary second molars

109
Q

which toothe are called wisdom teeth?

A

third molars

110
Q

which is the first permanent tooth to erupt?

A

mandibular first molar

111
Q

___ is a pointed or rounded elevation of the enamel found on cuspids and on the chewing surfaces fo bicuspids and molars.

A

cusp

112
Q

___ is found on the lingual aspect of an anterior tooth.

A

cingulum

113
Q

___ is a linear fault that sometimes occurs in a developmental groove by incomplete or imperfect joining of the lobes

A

fissure

114
Q

__ are centrally located depression found on the occlusal surface of molars and mandibular secon bicuspids.

A

central fossa

115
Q

___ irregular, shallow depression found on the lingual surfaces of an incisor or cuspid.

A

lingual fossa

116
Q

__ located adjacent to the marginal ridges on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth.

A

triangular fossa

117
Q

___ a small linear depression on the surface of a tooth

A

groove

118
Q

___ are small rounded profection of enamel from the incisal edges of newly erupted anterior teeth.

A

mamelons

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