HM MAN ch 18: pharmacy Flashcards
what is the branch of pharmacology dealing with biological, biochemical, and economic features of natural medications and their constituents?
pharmcognosy
what is the branch of pharmacology dealing with the preparation, dispensing, and proper use of medications?
pharmacy
what is the study of the dosages of medicines and medications?
posology
what is the study of the action or effects of medications on living organisms?
pharmacodynamics
what is the study of the uses of medications in the treatment of disease?
pharmacotherapeutics
what is the study of poisons, their actions, their detection, and the treatment of the conditions produced by them?
toxicology
what is the science of treating disease by any method that will relieve pain, treat or cure diseases and infections, or prolong life?
therapeutics
what text sets standards for the quality, purity, strength, and consistency and provides standards for medications of therapeutic usefulness and pharmaceutical necessity?
USP-NF
United States Pharmacopeia and National formulary
What text is a comprehensive medication information reference that is organized by therapeutic medication class?
Drug Facts and comparisons
Which publication is used as a reference for in-depth information on pharmaceutical products by healthcare providers and pharmacy personnel?
Drug facts and comparisons
What is an easy to use reference for clinicians and healthcare providers seeking quick and concise medication information?
Drug information handbook
what is the most widely used text/reference in American pharmacies?
Remington: the science and practice of pharmacy
the Remington is a textbook of _____, ____, and ____.
pharmacology
toxicology
therapeutics
what text is also known as the “blue bible” of pharmacology?
the Remington
the amount of medication to be administered is referred to as the what?
dose
the doses given in the USP-NF are average therapeutic doses and are known as what?
“usual adult doses”
____ is a term applying to the range between the minimum and maximum amounts of a given medication required to produce the desired effect.
dosage range
___ is the least amount of medication required to produce a therapeutic effect.
minimum dose
___ is the largest amount of medication that can be given without reaching the toxic effect.
maximum dose
___ is the least amount of medication that will produce symptoms of poisoning.
toxic dose
___ is referred to as the normal adult dose, the usual dose, or average dose.
therapeutic dose
___ is the amount of medication needed to produce the desired therapeutic effect.
therapeutic dose
the therapeutic dose is calculated on an average adult ____ (male/female) of ___ years in age who weighs approximately ___ pounds.
male
24
150
__ is the least amount of medication that can produce death.
minimum lethal dose
what is the most common factor that influences the amount of medication to be given?
age
what is young’s rule?
(age in years/age in years +12) X adult dose= child’s dose
In the calculation of dosages, what has a more direct bearing on the dose than any other factor?
weight
what is Clark’s rule?
(weight in pounds/150) X adult dose= child’s dose
what are 9 factors that influence dosages of medications?
age weight sex race occupation habitual use time of administration frequency of administration mode of administration
what is the most common route of administration of medication?
oral
What are two medication administration methods that are closely associated with oral administration?
sublingual and buccal
define parenteral medications.
medications that are introduced by injection
medications that are introduced by injection are called what
Parenteral
Parenteral solutions are examined at least three times at the activity at which they are ultimately used. They are:
upon receiving the solution
periodically while in storage
immediately preceding use
what are the five methods of parenteral administration?
subcutaneous intradermal intramuscular intravenous intrathecal or intraspinal
______ is the medication injected just below the skin’s cutaneous layers
subcutaneous
_______ is the medication injected within the dermis layer of the skin.
intradermal
_______ is the medication injected into the muscle.
intramuscular
_______ is the medication introduced directly into the vein.
intravenous
what is the route of parenteral administration that provides the most rapid onset of action?
Intravenous
_____ is the medication introduced into the subarachnoid space of the spinal column.
intrathecal or intraspinal
intrathecal or intraspinal is the medication introduced into the _____ space of the spinal column.
subarachnoid
____ is the means of introducing medication through the respiratory system in the form of a gas, vapor, or powder.
inhalation
What are the three major types of inhalation routes?
vaporization
gas inhalation
nebulization
what is the process by which a medication is changed from a liquid or solid to a gas or vapor by the use of heat?
vaporization
which type of inhalation type is almost entirely restricted to anesthesia?
gas inhalation
What is the process by which a medication is converted into a fine spray by the use of compressed gas?
nebulization
what medication route is applied to a surface area of the body?
topical
Topically applied medications serve what two purposes?
local effect
systemic effect
What medication route is preferred to the oral route when there is danger of vomiting or when the PT is unconscious, uncooperative, or mentally incapable?
rectal
what are the six PT rights?
right Patient right mediation right dose right route right time right documentation
medications are classified according to set criteria and fall into three specific areas. these areas are:
general
chemical
therapeutic
Which of the three medication classification group medications according to their source? (animal, vegetable, or mineral in origin)
general
Medication normally have three names. those three names are:
chemical name
generic name
brand name
what type of medication name is often derived from the chemical name?
generic name
what type of medication name is a proprietary name given by the manufacturer?
brand name
what class of medication cause a shrinkage of the skin and mucous membranes, and is mainly used to stop seepage, weeping, or discharge from mucous membranes?
astringents
What astringent medication is used as a wet to dry dressing for the relief of inflammatory conditions of the skin, such as athlete’s foot, poison ivy, swelling, eternal otitis, bruises and insect bites?
aluminum acetate solution
burrow’s solution, domeboro
What astringent medication is used to treat various skin afflictions in the same way as aluminm acetate. it should be applied to blistered, raw, r oozing areas of the skin?
calamine, zinc oxide, glycerin, and bentonite magma in calcium hydroxide.
(calamine lotion)
What class of medication is aluminum acetate solution?
astringent
what class of medication is calamine lotion?
astringent
What class of medications are bland or fatty substances that may b applied to the skin to make it more pliable and soft?
emollients
what is an excellent emollient with a pleasant odor?
theobroma oil
cocoa butter
what is ideal for the treatment of chapped skin and lips, cracked nipples, or minor irritated or abraded skin areas?
theobroma oil
cocoa butter
What is a good emollient that provides a highly occlusive, protective barrier? when used as an ointment base, it may not release some drugs.
petrolatum
petroleum jelly
What is a white petrolatum containing approximately 20% zinc oxide powder? it is used as an emollient with slightly astringent properties.
zinc oxide
what class of medications are commonly used in the symptomatic treatment of the common cold or bronchitis?
expectorants and antitussives
what type of medication are more accurately known as bronchomucotropic agents? these agents assist in the removal of secretions or exudates from the trachea, bronchi, or lungs.
expectorants
what class of medication are agents that inhibit or suppress the act of coughing.
antitussives
what drug combination may be useful in symptomatic relief of dry, nonproductive cough, and in the presence of mucous in the respiratory tract?
Guaifenesin and dextromethorphan
Robitussin DM
____ is a synthetic non-narcotic derivative of codeine that acts as an antitussive. it is used to control non productive coughs by soothing minor throat and bronchial irritations.
Dextromethorphan
What drug combination are combined to relieve the symptoms of the common cold?
Guaifenesin and codeine phosphate
Robitussin AC
What class of medication is often combined with antihistamines, antitussives, and expectorants to relieve symptoms of colds, allergies, and sinusitis?
nasal decongestants
what medication is indicated for the symptomatic relief of nasal congestion due to the common cold, hay fever, or other upper respiratory allergies?
pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (Sudafed)
What medication combination are combined for the symptomatic relief of nasal congestion and cough due to the common cold, hay fever, or other respiratory allergies
pseudoephedrine and Guaifenesin
Mucinex D
what is the most common side effect of antihistamines?
may cause drowsiness
what medication combination includes a nasal decongestant and an antihistamine combination?
Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and triprolidine hydrochloride
Actifed
What medication is given for active and prophylactic treatment of motion sickness, as a nighttime sleep aid, and for the symptomatic relief of urticarial, allergic rhinitis, and other allergic conditions?
diphenhydramine HCL
Benadryl
What mediation is used for the symptomatic treatment of urticarial and other allergic conditions?
chlorpheniramine maleate
chlor-Trimeton
What medication is given to prevent and treat nausea, vomiting , and dizziness of motion sickness? It has a longer duration of action than diphenhydramine HCL
meclizine HCL
Antivert, Bonine
What medication is similar to other antihistamines, the greater usefulness is the prevention and treatment of motion sickness? it may also be used to treat nausea and vomiting associated with radiation poisoning.
dimenhydrinate
Dramamine
What class of medication block histamines that cause an ncrease f gastric acid secretion in the stomach?
Histamine H2 receptor antagonist
what medication is used for the short term treatment and maintenance of active duodenal and benign gastric ulcers
cimetidine
Tagamet
What medication is like cimetidine and is used for short term treatment and maintenance in active duodenal and benign gastric ulcers to promote healing of duodenal ulcers?
it is used to treat GERD
ranitidine
zantac
What class of medication are used to counteract hyperacidity in the stomach?
antacids
what medication is used for the symptomatic relief of upset stomach associated with hyperacidity, treatment and maintenance of duodenal ulcers, and used to reduce phosphate absorption in PTs with chronic renal failure?
magnesium HCL
milk of magnesia USP
Prolonged use of what medication may result in kidney stones?
magnesium HCL
milk of magnesia USP
Magnesium HCL may cause ___, and have what type of an effect?
kidney stones
laxative effect
What medication is used to manage peptic ulcers, gastritis, and gastric hyperacidity?
aluminum hydroxide gel
Amphojel
what is the major advantage of aluminum hydroxide gel however it may cause what?
advantage is that there is no systemic alkalosis produced
disadvantage is that it may cause constipation
what medication combination coats the stomach lining and neutralizes gastric acid?
it is less constipating than aluminum hydroxide alone.
alumina and magnesia oral suspension
Maalox
What class of medications suppress the growth of microorganisms?
antiseptics
What class of medication kills susceptible organisms?
germicides
What class of medication are used on inanimate objects and are primarily germicidal in their action?
disinfectants
historically, one of the first antiseptic agents was what?
phenl
carbolic acid
What is the standard by which all other antiseptic, disinfectant, and germicidal agents are measured in effectiveness?
phenol
carbolic acid
Phenol is inactivated by what?
alcohol
What medication is used externally to destroy bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and yeasts?
povidone-iodine
