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advancement instructions > Emergency war surgery ch 22 > Flashcards

Emergency war surgery ch 22 Flashcards

0
Q

What are the three open scalp injuries?

A

Puncture
Laceration
Avulsion

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1
Q

Crainiocerebral injuries are classified according to their type and extent of injury to what three areas?

A

Scalp
Skull
Brain

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2
Q

What is a closed scalp injury?

A

Contusion

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3
Q

What are the three open skull injuries?

A

Depressed fracture
Comminuted fracture
Linear fracture

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4
Q

What is an open brain injury?

A

A penetrating injury

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5
Q

What are two closed brain injuries?

A

-Diffuse parenchymal injury
-focal interceanial hematomas
Extradural
Subdural
Intracerebral

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6
Q

What are the three types of focal intracranial hematomas?

A

Extradural
Subdural
Intracerebral

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7
Q

The brain can be protected from secondary injury by prompt recognition of such systemic events as what 5?

A 
Hypoxia
Hypotension 
Hypercarbia
Hyponatremia
Other forms of electrolyte imbalances
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8
Q

The cause of death after head injuries can be decided into what two phases?

A

Acute

Subacute

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9
Q

In the acute phase of brain injuries massive sympathetic and parasympathetic discharge give rise to what three events?

A
  • Cardiac arrhythmias
  • Low cardiac out put
  • Respiratory difficulties due to ventilation/perfusion mismatches
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10
Q

Death in the subacute phase of a brain injury is usually due to what?

A

The enlargement of an intracranial mass in the form of a hematoma or parenchymal swelling

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11
Q

Consciousness can be described by what 4 states?

A

Awake/ aware
Lethargic
Stuporous
Comatose

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12
Q

The neurological condition may be expressed quantitatively with the use of what?

A

Glasgow Coma Scale

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13
Q

The GCS is determined in which numerical scores quantitate the best level of what three things response to standardized verbal and tactile stimuli?

A

Motor
Verbal
Eye opening

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14
Q

How is a coma defined using the GCS?

A

Absence of verbal response
Absence of eye opening
Motor response can vary from none to localized

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15
Q

A summary GCS of __ or less, 6 hours after injury in a patient with adequate BP and ventilation indicates severe brain injury.

A

7 or less

16
Q

Progressive dilation of a pupil indicates what?

A

Expanding intracranial mass and transtentorial herniation

85% of the time occurs on side of the dilated pupil

17
Q

When determining the GCS score how many points are given for a patient that obeys all motor commands?

A

6

18
Q

When determining the GCS score how many points are given for a patient that localized pain?

A

5

19
Q

When determining the GCS score how many points are given for a patient that withdraws from pain?

A

4

20
Q

When determining the GCS score how many points are given for a patient with abnormal flexion?

A

3

21
Q

When determining the GCS score how many points are given for a patient with extension?

A

2

22
Q

When determining the GCS score how many points are given for a patient that has no motor response?

A

0

23
Q

When determining the GCS score how many points are given for a patient who’s eyes open to verbal command?

A

3

24
Q

When determining the GCS score how many points are given for a patient who’s eyes open spontaneously?

A

4

25
Q

When determining the GCS score how many points are given for a patient who’s eyes open to pain?

A

2

26
Q

When determining the GCS score how many points are given for a patient who’s eyes don’t open to response?

A

1

27
Q

When determining the GCS score how many points are given for a patient who is oriented, conversing?

A

5

28
Q

When determining the GCS score how many points are given for a patient who is disoriented, conversing?

A

4

29
Q

When determining the GCS score how many points are given for a patient who are speaking inappropriate words?

A

3

30
Q

When determining the GCS score how many points are given for a patient who are speaking incomprehensible sounds?

A

2

31
Q

When determining the GCS score how many points are given for a patient who are speaking no response?

A

1

32
Q

If menningitis is suspected after a trauma use what gauge needle to remove how many cc s of spinal fluid?

A

20-22 gauge

3-5cc s

33
Q

Subtle change In what can be the first or even the only sign of impending intracranial disaster?

A

Change in neurological condition or state of consciousness

advancement instructions (55 decks)

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