Haematology (All Topics) Flashcards
Anaemia:
What is the definition of anaemia and what are its causes?

Anaemia:
What are the symptoms and signs of anaemia?

Microcytic Anaemia:
Outline the signs, blood film findings and causes of IDA

Microcytic Anaemia:
What are the causes of Iron Deficiency Anaemia?

Microcytic Anaemia:
What is the treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia?

Macrocytic Anaemia:
What is are the sources of Vitamin B12 and what are the causes of its deficiency?

Macrocytic Anaemia:
What are the clinical features of Vitamin B12?

Macrocytic Anaemia:
What is Pernicious anaemia?

Macrocytic Anaemia:
What is the treatment of Vitamin B12 Deficiency?

Macrocytic Anaemia:
What are the sources of Folate?

Macrocytic Anaemia:
What are the causes of Folate deficiency?

Macrocytic Anaemia:
What is the treatment of Folate deficiency?

Anaemia:
What are the causes of Microcytic, Normocytic and Macrocytic Anaemia?

Micro/Normocytic Anaemia:
What is the pathogenesis of Renal Failure driven Anaemia of Chronic Disease?

Micro/Normocytic Anaemia:
What is/are the definition of and causes of Anaemia of Chronic Disease?

Micro/Normocytic Anaemia:
How are ferritin levels affected in Anaemia of Chronic Disease?

Normocytic Anaemia:
What are the inflammatory markers of Chronic Disease?

Microcytic Anaemia:
What is the definition and diagnosis of Sideroblastic Anaemia?

Microcytic Anaemia:
What are the causes and treatment options for Sideroblastic Anaemia?

Haemolytic Anaemias:
What is the definition of haemolytic anaemia?

Haemolytic Anaemias:
What are the features of all, intravascular and extravascular haemolytic anaemias?

Haemolytic Anaemias:
What are the causes of inherited and acquired anaemia?

Haemolytic Anaemias:
What are the features of hereditary spherocytosis?

Haemolytic Anaemias:
What are the features of Hereditary elliptocytosis?

Haemolytic Anaemias:
What are the features of Southeast asian Ovalocytosis?

Haemolytic Anaemias:
What is the inheritance, epidemiology of G6PD deficiency and what are the features of its attacks?

Haemolytic Anaemias:
What are the investigations and management of G6PD deficiency?

Haemolytic Anaemias:
What are the features of pyruvate kinase deficiency?

Sickle Cell Anaemia:
What are the important features of Haemolysis and Vaso Occlusion in Sickle cell anaemia?

Sickle Cell Anaemia:
What are the typical symptoms in Children, teens and Adults with Sickle cell anaemia?

Sickle Cell Anaemia
What are the rarer subtypes of Sickle Cell Anaemia?

Sickle Cell Anaemia
Outline the typical initial presentations of sickle cell anaemia
How do Sick cells change in low Oxygen?

Sickle Cell Anaemia:
Outline the genetics and main subtypes of Sickle Cell Anaemia

Sickle Cell Anaemia:
What are the investigations and management of sickle cell anaemia?

Haemoglobinopathies:
What is the definition of thalassaemia?

Haemoglobinopathies:
What is/are the genetics and presentation of Beta Thalassaemia?

Haemoglobinopathies:
What are the subtypes of Beta Thalassaemia?

Haemoglobinopathies:
What is the diagnosis and treatment of Thalassaemia?

Haemoglobinopathies:
What are the features of Alpha Thalassaemia?

Acquired Haemolytic Autoimmune Anaemias:
What are the features of Warm and Cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

Acquired Haemolytic Autoimmune Anaemias:
What are the causes of Warm and Cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

Acquired Haemolytic Autoimmune Anaemias:
What is the management of Warm and Cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

Acquired Haemolytic Autoimmune Anaemias:
What are the features of Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria (PCH)?

Acquired Non–Immune Haemolytic Anaemias:
What is/are the aetiology and symptoms of Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria?

Acquired Non–Immune Haemolytic Anaemias:
What is/are the investigations and management of Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria?

Acquired Non–Immune Haemolytic Anaemias:
What is/are the aetiology and causes of Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia (MAHA)?

Acquired Non–Immune Haemolytic Anaemias:
What is/are the aetiology and causes of Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purport?

Acquired Non–Immune Haemolytic Anaemias:
What is/are the aetiology and causes of Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome?

Acquired Haemolytic Autoimmune Anaemias:
What are the types of autoimmune acquired haemolytic anaemia?
-
Autoimmune
- Warm Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia
- Cold Agglutinin Disease
- Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria
-
Nonimmune Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
- Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia
- Thrombocytopenic Purpura
- Haemolytic Uraemic syndrome
Haemostasis
Outline the main processes in forming a stable Haemostatic plug

Haemostasis
Outline the main steps of the Coagulation cascade

Blood tests for Coagulation disorders:
Outline the results for INR, APTT, Thrombin time, Platelet count and Bleeding time for:
- Heparin
- DIC
- Liver Disease
- Platelet defect
- Vit K Deficiency
- Haemophilia
- vWF Disease

Venous Thrombosis
Outline the main risk factors for and causes of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)

Haemostasis:
What are the phases of haemostasis?

Haemostasis:
What are the key inhibitors of haemostasis?

Haemostasis:
What does the Activated partial thromboplastin (APTT) measurement track?

Haemostasis:
What does the Prothrombin time (PT) measurement track?

Haemostasis:
What does the Thrombin time (TT) measurement track?

Bleeding disorders:
What are the causes of bleeding disorders and what are the features of Vascular and Coagulation disorders?

Bleeding disorders:
What are the main vascular defect bleeding disorders?

Bleeding disorders:
What are the main causes of platelet disorders?

Bleeding disorders:
What is/are the peak age, F:M ratio, preceding infection, onset of symptoms, platelet count, duration and spontaneous remission of Acute ITP and Chronic ITP?

Bleeding disorders:
What is/are the epidemiology, genetics and presentation of Haemophilia A?

Bleeding disorders:
What is/are the investigations and management of Haemophilia A?

Bleeding disorders:
What are the features of Haemophilia B?

Bleeding disorders:
What is/are the subclasses and genetics of Von Willebrand’s disease?

Bleeding disorders:
What is/are the presentation, diagnosis and management of Von Willebrand’s disease?

Bleeding disorders:
Acquired coagulation disorders: What is/are the aetiology, investigations and management of Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

Bleeding disorders:
Acquired coagulation disorders: What are the effects of liver disease on coagulation?

Bleeding disorders:
Acquired coagulation disorders: What is/are the aetiology and treatment of Vitamin K Deficiency on coagulation?

Bleeding disorders:
Outline the prophylactic treatment of VTE

Bleeding disorders:
Outline the treatment of DVT/PE

Bleeding disorders:
What is the mechanism of action of Heparin?
What is its antidote?

Bleeding disorders:
What is the mechanism of action of Warfarin?
What is its antidote?

Bleeding disorders:
What are the indications for target INRs of 2.5 and 3.5?

Bleeding disorders:
What is the protocol for INR levels of:
- 5 to 8, no bleeding
- 5 to 8 bleeding
- >8 no bleeding/minor bleed
- Major bleeding (including intracranial haemorrhage)

Leukaemia:
What is/are the definition of and clinical features of Acute Leukaemia?

Leukaemia:
What is the aetiology of Acute Leukaemia?

Leukaemia:
What are the investigations for Acute Leukaemia?

Leukaemia:
What is/are the epidemiology and clinical features of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia?

Leukaemia:
What are the investigations for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia?

Leukaemia:
What is the treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia?

Leukaemia:
What is/are the aetiology, epidemiology and clinical features of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia?

Leukaemia:
What are the investigations for Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia?

Leukaemia:
What are the phases of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia?

Leukaemia:
What is/are the aetiology and epidemiology of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia?

Leukaemia:
What are the investigations for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia?

Leukaemia:
What are the prognostic factors for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia?
1

Leukaemia:
What the staging for factors for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia?

Leukaemia:
What is the treatment for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia?

Leukaemia:
What are the clinical feaures of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia?

Lymphoma
What are the subtypes of Lymphoma?
- Hodgekin’s
-
Non-Hodgekin’s
-
T Cell Lymphoma
- Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
- Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
- Adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma
- Enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma (EATL)
- Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma
-
B-Cell Lymphoma
- Burkitt’s
- Diffuse Large B-cell (DLBC)
- Mantle cell lymphoma
- Follicular
- Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
-
T Cell Lymphoma
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:
What is/are the epidemiology and clinical presentation of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:
What are the investigations of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:
What is the treatment for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:
What is the staging for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

Stem Cell Transplants:
What are stem cell/bone marrow transplants?
Which diseases are they used in?

Stem Cell Transplants:
What are the features of Autologous SCT?

Stem Cell Transplants:
What are the features of Allogeneic SCT?

Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:
What is the classification of Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:
What are the similarities in the clinical presentations of Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:
How is Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma staged?

Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:
What are the features of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma?

Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:
What are the features of Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma?

Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:
What are the features of Adult T Cell Lymphoma?

Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:
What are the features of Enteropathy Associated Leukaemia/Lymphoma (EATL)?

Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:
What are the features of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma?

B Cell Lymphoma:
What are the features, histology and treatment of Burkitt’s Lymphoma?

B Cell Lymphoma:
What are the features, histology and treatment of Burkitt’s Lymphoma (Endemic)?

B Cell Lymphoma:
What are the features, histology and treatment of Burkitt’s Lymphoma (Sporadic)?

B Cell Lymphoma:
What are the features, histology and treatment of Burkitt’s Lymphoma (Immunodeficiency)?

B Cell Lymphoma:
What are the features, histology and treatment of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)?

B Cell Lymphoma:
What are the features, histology and treatment of Mantle Cell Lymphoma?

B Cell Lymphoma:
What are the features, histology and treatment of Follicular Lymphoma?

B Cell Lymphoma:
What are the features, histology and treatment of Mucosal associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)?

Multiple Myeloma:
What is the aetiology of Multiple Myeloma?

Multiple Myeloma:
What is/are the investigations and staging for Multiple Myeloma?

Multiple Myeloma:
What is the treatment of Multiple Myeloma?

Multiple Myeloma:
What is/are the the aetiology, epidemiology, symptoms and treatment of Waldrendroms Macroglobulinemia?

Multiple Myeloma:
What is/are the the aetiology, symptoms, investigations and treatment of Systemic Amyloidosis?

Lymphoma
Outline the definition of Lumphoma and the areas that it can manifest

Multiple Myeloma
Outline the M Spike, Bone Marrow findings, CRAB, Organ damage and Sigificance of:
- MGUS
- Smouldering MM
- Multiple Myeloma

Blood transfusions:
When is it necessary to transfuse Red Blood Cells?

Blood transfusions:
When is it necessary to transfuse platelets?

Blood transfusions:
When is it necessary to transfuse Fresh Frozen Plasma?

Haemodynamic disease of the Newborn:
What is Haemodynamic disease of the newborn?

Haemodynamic disease of the Newborn:
How is Anti D formation prevented in pregnancy?

Transfusion reactions:
What are the immediate and delayed immune adverse reaction?

Transfusion reactions:
What are the immediate and delayed non-immune adverse reaction?

Transfusion Reaction Flowchart
Outline the transfusion reaction flowchart

Peripheral Blood Films:
Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Acanthocytes

Peripheral Blood Films:
Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Basophilic RBC stippling

Peripheral Blood Films:
Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Burr Cells

Peripheral Blood Films:
Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Heinz Bodies

Peripheral Blood Films:
Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Howel-Jolly Bodies

Peripheral Blood Films:
Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Leucoerythroblastic Anaemia

Peripheral Blood Films:
Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Pelger Huet Cells

Peripheral Blood Films:
Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Polychromasia

Peripheral Blood Films:
Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Reticulocytosis
1

Peripheral Blood Films:
Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Right Shift

Peripheral Blood Films:
Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Rouleaux formation

Peripheral Blood Films:
Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Schistocytes

Peripheral Blood Films:
Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Spherocytes

Peripheral Blood Films:
Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Stomatocytes

Peripheral Blood Films:
Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Target Cells

Myeloproliferative Disorders:
What is/are the definition of Myeloproliferative Disorder?

Myeloproliferative Disorders:
What is the definition and sub-classification of Polycythaemia?

Myeloproliferative Disorders:
What is the definition of Relative Polycythaemia?

Myeloproliferative Disorders:
What is the definition of Polycythaemia Rubra Vera (PRV)?

Myeloproliferative Disorders:
What are the the investigations for Polycythaemia Rubra Vera (PRV)?

Myeloproliferative Disorders:
What is the treatment for Polycythaemia Rubra Vera (PRV)?

Myelofibrosis:
What is the definition of Myelofibrosis?

Myelofibrosis:
What are the investigations for Myelofibrosis?

Myelofibrosis:
What is the treatment for Myelofibrosis?

Essential Thrombocythemia:
What is the definition of Essential Thrombocythemia?

Essential Thrombocythemia:
What are the investigations for Essential Thrombocythemia?

Essential Thrombocythemia:
What is the treatment for Essential Thrombocythemia?

Myeloproliferative Disorders:
What is sub-classification of Myeloproliferative Disorder?

Myeloproliferative Disorders:
What mutations are common in Philadelphia negative Myeloproliferative Disorder?
What is Myeloproliferative Disorder associated with?

Myeloproliferative Disorders:
What are the clinical features of Polycythaemia Rubra Vera (PRV)?

Essential Thrombocythemia:
Whatare the clincal features of Essential Thrombocythemia?

Myelofibrosis:
What are the clinical features of Myelofibrosis?

Myelodysplastic syndromes:
What is/are the definition of and characterising factors of Myelodysplastic Syndromes?

Myelodysplastic syndromes:
What is the emipdemiology and definition of Myelodysplastic Syndromes?

Myelodysplastic syndromes:
What is the treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes?

Myelodysplastic syndromes:
What is the prognosis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes?

Myelodysplastic syndromes:
What is are the blood features and bone marrow features of Refractory Anaemia (RA)?

Myelodysplastic syndromes:
What is are the blood features and bone marrow features of Refractory Anaemia with ringed sideroblasts (RA+RA)?

Myelodysplastic syndromes:
What is are the blood features and bone marrow features of Refractory cytopenia multilineage dysplasia (RCMD)?

Myelodysplastic syndromes:
What is are the blood features and bone marrow features of Refractory cytopenia multilineage dysplasia with ringed sideroblasts (RCMD + RS)?

Myelodysplastic syndromes:
What is are the blood features and bone marrow features of Refractory Anaemia with excess blasts 1 (RAEB I)?

Myelodysplastic syndromes:
What is are the blood features and bone marrow features of Refractory Anaemia with excess blasts 2 (RAEB II)?

Myelodysplastic syndromes:
What is are the blood features and bone marrow features of MDS with q5 deletion?

Myelodysplastic syndromes:
What is are the blood features and bone marrow features of Myelodysplasia syndrome unclassified?

Myelodysplastic syndromes:
What are the clinical features of Myelodysplastic Syndromes?

Myelodysplastic syndromes:
What is a redudant term used for Myelodysplastic Syndromes?

Aplastic Anaemia:
What is the definition of Aplastic Anaemia?

Aplastic Anaemia:
What is the classification of Aplastic Anaemia?

Aplastic Anaemia:
What is the management of Aplastic Anaemia?

Aplastic Anaemia:
What is/are the genetics, epidemiology and symptoms of Fanconi Syndrome?

Aplastic Anaemia:
What is/are the genetics and symptoms of Dyskeratosis Congenita?

Aplastic Anaemia:
What is/are the genetics and symptoms of Schwamman-Diamond Syndrome?

Aplastic Anaemia:
What are symptoms of Diamond-Blackfan Syndrome?

Aplastic Anaemia:
What are the symptoms of Aplastic Anaemia?

Aplastic Anaemia:
What is Aplastic Anaemia closely linked to?
