Chemical Pathology: Fluid balance/Sodium Flashcards
Fluid balance:
What is:
- The % of body water content
- Ratio of intracellular: extracellular fluid
What are the main types of Extracellular fluid?
Fluid balance:
What is the best analogy for why body cells need a high sodium environment?
Fluid balance:
What is there difference between Osmolality and Osmolarity?
Fluid balance:
What are the Physiological and Pathological determinants of Serum Osmolarity?
Fluid balance:
How is Osmolarity Calculated?
Fluid balance:
How can the difference between Osmolality and Osmolarity be useful?
What is the normal range for Osmolality? What disease is it useful in?
Sodium:
- What is the normal range for blood Sodium?
- How much is freely exchangeable?
- How are serum levels maintained?
- What are ECT fluid levels dependent on?
Sodium:
- What is the definition of Hyponatraemia?
- How should it be treated?
- What different symptoms are caused at different Sodium levels?
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Sodium:
How is true hyponatraemia defined using serum osmolality?
What is TURP syndrome?
Sodium:
What are the subclassifications of Hyponatraemia and what are their causes?
Sodium:
How can hydration status and Urinary Sodium be used to distinguish true Hyonatraemia?
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Sodium:
How does Cirrhosis cause Hyponatraemia?
Sodium:
What is the danger of rapid correction of Hyponatraemia?
What are the possible causes of Hyponatraemia post surgery?
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Sodium:
What is the laboratory criteria for Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)?
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Sodium:
What are the causes of Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)?
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Sodium:
What is the treatment for Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)?
Sodium:
What is the definition of Hypernatraemia?
What is it often caused by in Hospitals?
What are the symptoms of Hypernatraemia?
How is it classified?
What are the dangers of rapid correction?
Sodium:
What are the subclasses of hypernatraemia?
- Hypovolaemic
- Euvolaemic
- Hypervolaemic
Sodium:
What are the causes of Hypovolaemic Hypernatraemia?
Sodium:
What are the causes of Euvolaemic Hypernatraemia?
Sodium:
What are the causes of Hypervolaemic Hypernatraemia?
Diabetes Insipidus:
What are the clinical features of Diabetes Insipidus?
Diabetes Insipidus:
What is Cranial Diabetes Insipidus?
Diabetes Insipidus:
What is Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?
How is it treated?
What are its causes?
Diabetes Insipidus:
How is Diabetes Insipidus diagnosed?
Diabetes Insipidus:
How should Exam Questions on Sodium be handled?
