H - 2.5 -> 2.7 Flashcards
1
Q
Rohingya Muslims
A
- Denied Citizenship in 1982, due to Myanmar Nationality Law and then subjected to military crackdowns leading to 740k to Bangladeshi
- stateless population
- 2015-18 crisis has been called a genocide and crime against humanity
2
Q
Post-colonial Tension
A
- Countries in Africa-Asia have borders that ignore ethnic / cultural groups
- Could even be straight lines
- Significant post-independence tension
- E.g. Iraq 192
- E.g. India 1947
- E.g. West Africa
- E.g. Roma in E Eur
- E.g. Dalits in India
3
Q
E.g. Burma
A
- Military junta linked to organised crime
- Yet 5% of seats have to be military representations, and they can veto constitutional change
4
Q
Why the problems
A
- Indigenous groups excluded from administration of colonies
- Lacked experience of running countries
- Opportunist insurgent groups vied for political control, resulting in violence
5
Q
indigenous people
A
- More than 370 million indigenous people
- Live in more than 70 countries around the world (5%) of the world’s population.
- 46 million live in the Americas
- 40 million living in Latin America, (13% of the population)
- Characterised by rich diversity of cultures, religions, traditions and languages.
- They face serious discrimination.
6
Q
threatened by
A
- Mining, oil extraction, dam building, logging and agro-industrial projects.
- Driven off their homelands and ending up in towns and cities.
- Poorer and less educated
- Worse health
7
Q
protected by
A
- 1995: UN recognised the rights of Indigenous People with awareness campaigns,
- 2000: Permanent forum on Indigenous issues (2000)
- 2007: Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous peoples (2007).
8
Q
Demography
A
- 2% of the US population
- 78% live outside of tribal territories (i.e. dispersed)
9
Q
Politically
A
- Sovereign… in theory
- But subject to treaties and federal laws
- Managed via Bureau of Indian Affairs
10
Q
Socially
A
Socially
- Indian Health Services
- Looks after 2m people
- Off reservation makes access difficult
- Underfunded – sterilisation and medical records are error-prone
- Underskilled and unqualified staff
- Less than 5% have medical insurance – can’t access US Health Care
11
Q
education
A
- Performance is 10% below white population
- 5% attend native schools, with ‘native ways of knowing’
12
Q
Obama’s Generation Indigenous Initiative
A
- Health, Education, Nutrition, Juvenile Justice, Housing , Youth
- Funding opportunities
- Invested in buildings and infrastructure
13
Q
President Paul Kagame
A
- Grew up in a refugee camp in Uganda.
- Invaded Rwanda with Rwandan Patriotic Front in 1990.
- Ended the genocide with a military victory.
- de facto leader since 1994 (Vice President & Head of Military).
- President since 2000 – won 3 elections, none considered ‘free or fair’.
- Largely authoritarian rule – rapid economic growth, high spending on education (17% of GDP), 90% of pop. enrolled in health insurance
14
Q
Global Gender Gap Index
A
- Compiled by the World Economic Forum since 2006.
- NGO?- Davos conference – 3,000 paying members, including heads of state.
- Measures 4 aspects of gender equality in every country – economic, educational, health & political.
- Closer to 1, the smaller the gap between genders.
15
Q
Measuring it:
A
- World Economic Forum Inequality Index.
- Economic, Education, Health, Politics.
- Europe (Nordics) high, sub-Saharan Africa &
Afghanistan low. UK 22nd. - Some outliers – Rwands, Nicaragua
