D -> r1 - r4 Flashcards
although a place looks perfect and serene and beautiful
geographers need to consider the drawbacks - linking to how different people have different views depending on their past experiences and memories, which shapes their perception of that place
assets (the idyll) causeway coast
- beautiful rugged coastline
- giants cause: basalt plateau and columnar jointed raised beaches, inspiring the story of Irish Giant Finn McCool
- increasingly prosperous for some, but still marginal agriculture and fishing. mining/ kelp harvesting and potato + beef farming
- small (active) historic/ plantation towns, eg old bushmills whiskey
- peace, quiet, open space, less traffic and air pollution
- rustic architecture
- strong community spirit (migration challenges this)
idyll definition
extremely happy, peaceful or picturesque
negatives of idyll
- elderly marginalised, comment services in decline
- traffic congestion and pollution from tourism
- seasonal low paid empliyment
- accessibility to tourists changes notion of ‘safe’ (eg, park/ride, bus stop on causeway)
- overlapping traditions and sectarian divides
- pockets of deprivation
- inflated property prices (second homes/ air B&B)
- poor broadband/ connectivity
- smelly agriculture
- narrow economic base - limited opportunities
causeway coast
- county antrim
- AONB since 1988
- UNESCO world heritage site
- national nature reserve in 1987
- managed by national trust, but land owned by Crown Estate/ private landowners
historical facts about causeway coast
- Bronze Age settlements
- Scottish Sea Kingdom of Dalriada
- regularly invaded by Vikings
reasons to object the idyll part 1
- housing is a major issue as costs are high and wages are often low. some schemes try to ring fence housing for local people, eg, Hastoe housing in Hampshire and Dorset
- Older/ longer term residents may realise that cage is necessary as traditional employment has declined and a community has aged
- fox hunting, fishing and shooting may be part of the way of life for many in rural areas, who are therefore resentful of any who object (eg, Oxfordshire)
reasons to object the idyll part 2
- more recent retired arrivals may want to preserve or fossilise a long gone way of life, and unwilling to accept inevitable change
- recent arrivals object to mud, smell and tractors early in the morning and no mobile/slow wifi connections (parts of west midlands and Warwickshire)
- ethnic groups may be small and have varied reasons for choosing to lie in the chosen area, with multiple reasons for their views
Derrick, coast Antrim
- 714 people
- 22% < 16
- 13% > 60
- 7.9% unemployed
- 98.8 % protestant
- 1.2% catholic
who is affected by barriers vs the idyll
- people without cars particularly with infrequent/ expensive buses - get isolated
- older - having to make frequent journeys to health services
- young people - teens/ 20s - secondary/ tertiary education distant as well as major employers
key barriers vs idyll
services transport housing technology isolation social tensions
services
eg banks/ gp/ shops/ post offices
long distance limits access, low usage limits threshold viability
transport
dependent on car
depends on legal age
public age isn’t viable
housing
rustic and attractive isn’t disability friendly
large gardens and high fuel are drain on finances
technology
online services slow/ unavailable/ high cost
phone reception coverage poor/ alternative country
isolation
away from family/ friends
elderly socialisation increasingly difficult
social tensions
2nd homeowners/ farmers/ quarries/ forestry/ disease/ tourism. noise/ pollution
development becomes politically difficult`
some groups have more significant
perceptions than others, eg, tourists have limited lived experience, therefore their main perceptions come from media and other external factors
the rural idyll is great if you are
- affluent and so can afford access to jobs and services
- accès to transport and information networks
- socially connected
the rural idyll isn’t great if you can’t
- access housing
- access jobs
- low income
varying age groups have
different perceptions and viewpoints of an area that stem heavily from lived experiences and different desires and enjoyment
counter urbanisation
when people move from urban areas to rural areas
reurbanisation
movement of people into urban areas
ripple effect
how the processes of counterurbanisation has pushed prices up
Dumbbell market
where rich people have revitalised areas by doing things up but as a result jobs are lost and young people move away
deregulation
when it becomes uneconomical to run services and exclusion affects the poor and elderly
how much of England population lives in rural areas?
20%
19.8 million
98% of these are accessible rural places
how do people living in rural areas feel
- all holiday homes pushing up prices for locals
- no well paid work or opportunities
- high travel costs and Tims
- require outside help to set up businesses and teach them skill
- no qualifications
- not as accepting or understanding of different ethnic minorities or ethnicities
- not sustainable for future generations
human factors affecting perceptions of urban and rural areas
age familia's composition/size levels of education/ income ethnic background health status gender religion
accessibility factors affecting perceptions of urban and rural areas
employment services public transport broadband recreation housing community services
environmental factors affecting perceptions of urban and rural areas
pollution/crime levels open space amount/type housing conditions physical geography traffic congestion
seasonal unemployment
high reliance on tourism in the region tat is seasonal in its uses and profit so the economic growth or income in general is only likely to come in summer and without it they would be unable to have a sustainable service or job
commuter belt (accessible):
- result of suburbanisation and decentralisation
- growing in population; wanting to leave urban problems, eg, high housing costs and poor environmental quality
- young families high fertility and immigration = natural increase
remote rural:
- suffered from depopulation
- urbanisation push faros (remoteness, harsh physical environment)
- spiral decline - economically active age leave, elderly are left behind
quite accessible rural (retirement):
- strong component of retired people
- some day tripper tourists in honeypot locations (landscape and the chocolate box villages)
- promote jobs in tourism so more working age here
Evesham
- rural market town in Worcestershire
- population 23576 in 2011
- exceptionally fertile soil - commercial market gardening, eg, fruit and veg
specific problems in Evesham
- 600 extra migrants living in shipping containers that do not have to be inspected (tied accommodation)
- TAs have been hired to help with language barriers, an illegal housing means migrants are not counted in funding formulas
- unintentional rule breaking creates pressure on serviees
segregation
migrants moving into a a rural area creates tension and division - the idea of rural idyll (quiet, calm, pollution free) clashes with a perceives threat from increased noise and different culture, more pollution
workforce
- European migrants provide a much needed workforce inures where farming is prevalent (vegetable and flower picking)
- they bring social vitality to a remote rural area which may have otherwise had an ageing population
is the rural idyll realistic?
- agriculture has become more commercialised and intensive with large machinery that creates a lot of noise, often late at night and with manure being added to soil, locals have lots to complain about
- spoils the idealised image of rural idyll
- there are also high levels of deprivation due to seasonal work, single parent families, unemployment, elderly people living alone, unaffordable housing and social exclusion
some Evesham facts
- waterside hotel overlooking Avon bought by Kanes foods to lodge 600 workforce
- bad living conditions for workers ran by Institute for Public Policy Research, like no water, caravans etc
- 23% poles in tied accommodations
- 56% not English students
- evesham catholic school hired polish speaking assistant
- 2005, 21 Chinese cockle pickers drowned because leftest into dangerous waters by boss so GLA was formed
Rural 1 overall - causeway coast
Rural place seen differently by different groups because of lived experience + perception of these places
- perceived often as tranquil, idyllic, natural landscapes, their history and culture
- causeway coast an idyll?
R2 overall - Dervock
Some rural locations perceived as undesirable by residents/ outsides - remoteness, limited social opportunities, limited services range, media representation
- Dervock = bliss hides the hidden voices of rural disadvantaged
R3 overall
Rural viewed in different ways: very remote - retirement, commuter villages
R4 overall - Evesham
Some international migrants choose to live in rural areas, creates social opportunities and challenges
- Evesham; east European migrants brought both pros and cons
