D -> U4 - U7

Question 1

U4 overall

Answer 1

Culture and society is now more diverse in the uk, possibly due to significant internal movement

Question 2

Reurbanisation

Answer 2

Young adults / graduates tend to be move towards / stay in major cities London / south-east

Question 3

Counter urbanisation

Answer 3

Older adults tend to be moving away from London to rural areas – a form of counterurbanisation.
o High cost of housing
o Desire for peaceful, green spaces
o Wanting to avoid ethnic tension / deprivation
o Better social / education for children in the countries

Question 4

North South Divide?

Answer 4

• Overall zero-sum gain – net gain / loss of migrants is neutral.
• The North has been severely impacted by recession in 1930s and northern deindustrialisation, which means people move towards service sector in the south.
• International and internal migration plays a large part in sorting out the ‘NorthSouth’ divide

Question 5

Suburbanisation

Answer 5

• Movement of inner-cities out to suburbs
• This causes decentralisation as people move out to the suburbs, increasing their journey to work

Question 6

Does London Matter – Yes

Answer 6

• Its the most economically important city in Europe
• It’s the most fun city in Europe
• London and SE is the most prosperous:
• Without London, economic growth was slower than France (house prices would be falling 5% (compared to 1/5 increase in London since 2008)
• London is more innovative,
• Lots of investment in new technologies.
• Secretarial and admins jobs are going 50% faster than rest of the country, e.g. Uber / PeoplePerHour

Question 7

Does London matter - no

Answer 7

• 2.9 million people moved within the UK in 2014
• The flows are often in both directions
• Cities have quite high turnover
• Rest of UK improvement in QoL is much faster:
• Pay is growing faster
• Income inequality is falling
• London: “A huge rise since 2009 in people starting companies which have no employees. I can’t help but think that a large part of this is to avoid tax,” says Danny Dorling of Oxford University

Question 8

Overall – does it create problems

Answer 8

• There is increasing regional disparity – many leaving Yorkshire / Humberside for London
• The movement is slowing – because economic readjustment has happened
• But 45,000 people left England for Scotland, and not just Edinburgh (Highlands)
• More people have left London than moved to it, e.g. out of Newham (Mainly 30, White British, with children)

Question 9

U6 overall

Answer 9

Migrants tend to live in distinctive places with ethnic segregation
- Ferguson, St Louis - white blight, civil unrest, ghettoisation

Question 10

Ferguson, St Louis

Answer 10

• Population composition:
• 1970: 99% white, 1% Black
• 2000: 44.7% white, 52.4% Black
• 2010: 29.3% white, 67.4% Black
• Aug 2014: white police office shoots dead Michael Brown (AfAm) - not found guilty
• Growing civil unrest / debate about relationship between AfAm community and law-enforcement
• Ongoing investigation suggested misconduct and pattern of
discrimination

Question 11

U7 overall

Answer 11

Social characteristics which reflect ethnicity and culture, distinctive retail, worship + leisure
- South all - enclave environment

Question 12

U4 overall - London internal movement

Answer 12

-significant internal movement has created uneven demographic + cultural patterns
- London: movement to London, deindustrialisation of the north

Question 13

U5 Brixton

Answer 13

Culture and society changed in the uk due to significant international migrants from former colonies
- Brixton: higher crime + deprivation + a8 accession