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Geog > G -> 1.5-2.2 > Flashcards

G -> 1.5-2.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Things that indicate to the level of globalisation

A
  • amounts of imports and exports of goods and services
  • Migration of people in and out of a country
  • Ethnic and cultural diversity
  • International air travel
  • Data connections between areas
  • Permanent migrants
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2
Q

KOF and Kearney?

A

2 companies that have made their respective indexes to measure degree of globalisation within a country

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3
Q

KOF globalisation index

A

Measured since 1970 for 158 countries
24 indicators through 3 main categories:
- economic globalisation
- social globalisation
- political globalisation
Each indicator is converted value, and it’s all averaged out

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4
Q

AT Kearney index

A

A US Management Consultancy - Look at only 62 countries
- economic integration: trade and FDI flows
- technological connectivity - internet users
- political engagement - UN + other IGO membership
- personal contact - international travel and tourism, etc
Index values from 0-1

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5
Q

define glocalisation

A
  • adapt goods/ services to appeal to the customer, taste, religion(no topless A&F models in UAE), laws
  • remember local regulation restrictions, eg - A&F joint venture with maid al futtaim fashion
  • McDonald’s veggie in some India due to Hindu and Sikh
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6
Q

define outsourcing

A

outsourcing to another company, to avoid the cost of repeating something another part of the company is doing eg, A&F, A&F kids, Hollister all make use of sportswear made in bangladesh

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7
Q

define offshoring

A

moving operations to another country (cheaper)
- e,g building new factory in china due to lower wage rates

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8
Q

environmental description of the Sahel

A
  • semi arid climate of 200-400mm, agriculture reliant on rainy season
  • climate change = desertification
  • harsh desert climates
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9
Q

political description of the Sahel

A
  • landlocked, poor quality roads and freedom of passage through other countries to access coastal ports
  • high transport costs therefore, = less FDI
  • severe conflict with jihadist insurgency
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10
Q

economic description of the Sahel

A
  • 64% below the poverty line
  • poor infrastructure and low skinks of working population = discourage FDI
  • low income levels lack market size to attract retail
  • subsistence farming
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11
Q

social description of the Sahel

A
  • food shortage encourage anger and extremism
  • high rate of infant mortality
  • 37k refugees fled into Burkina Faso
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12
Q

technological description of the Sahel

A
  • little shelter/ water/ roads/ hospital in Mali
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13
Q

describe North Korea in terms of politics to me

A
  • North Korea remains cut off from the rest of the world, as it wishes to be self sufficient under its heavily command economy
  • have limited trade only with china, other than that they are switched off from the rest of the world
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14
Q

why do some places stay switched off from connectivity??

A
  • tourism blocked
  • low economic growth leading to low technological advances
  • conflict zone (terrorism)
  • lack of rain, arid environment
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15
Q

physical root cause of lack of investment into Sahel

A
  • arid conditions + desertification mean that only possible integration likely to be shallow, like food aid for subsistence farmers
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16
Q

economic root cause of lack of investment into sahel

A
  • cost of providing infrastructure
  • wages will be low, so negligible spending power, so not viable markets, so no investment into creating consumer networks
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17
Q

chad government

A

earmarked 99% of funds that were meant to go to helping hospitals

18
Q

what is global shift

A

relocation of the global economic centre of gravity to Asia from Europe and North America over he last 30 years

19
Q

describe dhaka

A
  • savar polluted suburb

- rana plaza collapsed in April 2013, killed 1100 and led to major structural, fire, electricity and safety reforms

20
Q

positives of global shift

A
  • movement of shift to Asia, has brought many benefits to host countries as millions have migrated for work opportunities in the secondary sector
  • absolute poverty reduction - 1 billion since 1990
  • TNC’s invest in training and skills development
  • investment in infrastructure
21
Q

negatives of global shift

A
  • loss of productive land for manufacturing + pollution of air/water
  • RUM - rapid urban pop. Growth outpaces formal housing prices construction = unplanned settlements
  • large scale child labour
  • corruption is a hindrance to meet emission targets
22
Q

environmental problems caused by global shift

A
  • there are high levels of pollution, and dumping of waste
  • megacities generate a large amount of pollutants from traffic congestion
  • overcrowded slums mean more disease from poor sanitation and water borne diseases
23
Q

positives of globalisation for Dhaka

A
  • 750 companies now on Dhaka stock exchange
  • Dhaka now accounts for 35% of Bangla economy
  • Dhaka now connected to longest routes of asian highway network
24
Q

negatives of globalisation for dhaka

A
  • very old, buried water pipes have been eroded with age
  • worlds poorest air quality
  • disasters such as Rana plaza collapse
  • 100000 hectares of agricultural land lost per year due to rapid urbanisation
25
Q

what is dereliction?

A
  • combination of manufacturing industry closures, falling house prices and rising crime rates in a widespread environmental dereliction
26
Q

what is depopulation?

A
  • migrating out of falling neighbourhoods in large numbers
27
Q

crime and unemployment as a result of economic restructuring

A

crime: rising crime reminds us that losers go globalisation can be found in all areas
high unemployment: less tax = less to reinvest = that neighbourhood fails unless government acts to stop market failure

28
Q

free trade

A

ability to import/ export freely between countries, without tariff barriers

29
Q

post industrial definition

A
  • change from industrial to tertiary/quarternary/ quinary sector jobs
30
Q

1.5 overall

A

Degree of globalisation varies by country and can be measured by different indicators and indices

31
Q

1.7 overall

A

Physical, political, economic and environmental reasons why some locations remain largely switched off

32
Q

Why remain switched off?

A
  • physical isolation of some locations, e.g. Sahel i]with extreme climates and low pop mean infrastructure development unprofitable
  • landlocked countries mean agreements with neighbours to trade
  • unprofitable global Internet infrastructure like fibre optic cables
  • political isolations like North Korea
  • Trade restrictions in low income countries, like Zambian copper or oil from Sudan so complex trade networks fail to develop due to PPD
  • basic education and literacy level
  • lack of access to clean water and bad health is bad workforce
  • lack of tech and infrastructure ops on FDI
33
Q

2.1 overall

A

We’re seeing a global shift in the economic centre of gravity towards SE Asia away from the west

34
Q

2.2 overall

A

Global shift has led to huge economic challenges for deindustrialised Britain, NE England

35
Q

Scunthorpe

A

2200 jobs lost, owned by Tat.
Worries about ghost town
90% decline in U.K. iron.steel

36
Q

Impact of deindustrialisation on Detroit

A

High unemployment - thousands of jobs lost when automobile industry collapsed
Crime - rising gun crime, 30 years lower LE than suburban affluent blocks
Depopulation. - richer white, affluent citizens white flighted, leaving poor Blake brudda sin the inner city

37
Q

Negatives of KOF index

A
  • tech advancements mean some of indicators like international mail look old
  • trade flows will not include informal economy flows
  • choice and weighting of indicators?
38
Q

Kearney negatives

A
  • only 62 countries
  • first done in 2008
  • weightings
39
Q

Manufacturing in china

A
  • 680 million Chinese out of extreme poverty since 1980
  • bad working conditions - Foxconn suicides + low health safety standards
  • reinvestment into social welfare by CCP = literacy rate rising from 20 - 84% + 7 million uni grads 2014
  • infrastructure expansion - 3 gorges dam
40
Q

Environmental problems in china

A
  • severe air pollution - in northern China estimated to reduced life by 5 years
  • coal burning power stations
  • 50% of rivers and lakes polluted
  • severe deforestation
  • WWF reported half of chinas land based species have been lost

Geog (52 decks)

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