G -> 2.3-3.1 Flashcards
who’s does better because of movement via RUM?
- migrants earn regular wage
- more advanced/ preventative healthcare measures viable than rural areas
- access to secondary/ tertiary education, eg in Nairobi (for women and minority groups)
- LGBT migrants may find more acceptance, but persecution continues, eg, Ugandan cities
- business gain workers who are willing to do unpopular jobs - keeps wages/ costs low
who does worse because of movement via RUM?
- new arrivals increase overcrowding and pressure on services
- those already living in the city - migrants may work for lower pay, and also higher demand for housing means pricing will go up
- pressure on government to combat overcrowding with water, housing, sanitation, transport, education, etc
push factors for RUM
- poverty
- conflict
- natural disasters
- crop failures
pull factors for RUM
- jobs
- education
- healthcare
- safety
also can still send remittances back
what is the primary sector?
economic activity which extracts raw materials, eg oil or fishing
infrastructure in Karachi
- urban planning and service delivery have not kept pace with cities growth = city’s low liveability ranking
- no cohesive transportation policy, almost 1000 cars added to cities congested streets daily
what is katchi abadis?
unable to provide housing to large numbers of refugees, slips haded to them so they can stay on any vacant land, nearly 50% of residents live on unplanned communities.
total crop production in pakistan has fallen from rs 2.7 trillion in fy15 to
rs 2.6 trillion in fy16
- rural works may migrate to urban area given the change in economic and social conditions
informal sector in Karachi
- informal employs unto 70% of workforce
- crackdown operation against criminals in 2013 resulted in dramatically low crime rates
benefits for source country
- remittances received
- less unemployment
- wages rise as fewer workers available
- new job opportunities
- housing hospitals less crowded
costs for source county
- loss of skilled workers (brain drain)
- loss of tax revenue
- loss of culture
- younger population leaving, so population is older
costs for host country
- extra community policing and translation costs
- need for extra school places and health services in areas of concentrated immigration
- pressure on rented sector of housing members
benefits for host country
- filling of skills gaps and labour shortages
- migrants contribute to economy as consumers
- more tax paying workers to support population
what happened in 2004?
accession 8 added to EU so an influx of migration
define londongrad
a name for wealthy regions of London where Russian business owners have brought property for their children and families
do UK want Russian elite migrating and investing in London?
- Russian international investments in London is sizeable 27Bn
- Russia only account for 1% of UK financial services
- is there any need to impose sanctions on russia?
what do low wage eu migrant do
- are willing to work for lower wages and do unpopular jobs
- as a result wages will go down and they will take domestic jobs which could cause a social division
- also economically not good as there will be more leakages through remittances and less spending in circular domestic economy
what do Russian oligarchs do
- a lot of investment
- a lot of tax
= more revenue to the government
rio games stats
2 million tickets sold
170k spectators
- presents seriously disabled as glamorous, ambitious and capable rather than a victimised minority
problems with paralympics
- still doesn’t receive equal media coverage - Russia, Japan and US didn’t really show it
what is spread through globalisation?
- clothes
- products
- food
- attitude towards DWAGES
- attitude towards environment
think: what groups other than disabled have benefitted from spread of global culture and how?
low income ethnic minorities older/ younger women LGBT
what does cultural erosion consist of?
loss of language, traditions, music, clothes, social relations
- diffusion + dilution
what happened in PNG?
1905 had been colonised by Australia, experienced suppression of tribal warfare to allow freedom of movement
- this damaged the intricate tribal structure as intermarriages happened, and cultures died out and western values spread by colonialism
what happened in Bougainville
- 1964 discovery of copper meant construction of giant copper mine
Rio Tinto and Australians took most of profits while employing mainland PNG citizens and extracting Bougainville resources - inevitable conflict as BRA was formed in 1988
overall BV and PNG
PNG culture diluted and younger went to work on mines, also deforestation and species such as tree kangaroos in danger
Bougainville dominated by TNC’s and effectively had their resources robbed
explain why globalisation results in cultural erosion in some parts of the world?
- TNC’s bring new products and services which often includes largely western cultural ideas which can push out local industry which results in disappearance of traditional artefacts/ services/ languages
examples of globalisation positively impacting culture
- unesco world heritage sites preserved
- impact of social media on preserving culture/ environment
cultural diffusion explained
- culture spread by globalisation
- forced diffusion = imperialism
- voluntary diffusion = banal imperialism
is tension inevitable with globalisation? (yes)
yes:
- younger members of communities exposed to new ideas through formats such as internet, rearing tension with elders
- political clash, eg, North Korean elite reject cultural norms of democratic western society
is tension inevitable with globalisation? (no)
- some communities such as Hasidic jewish in stamford hill resist
- diaspora may choose to preserve culture such as Bengali in London
what does impacts of globalisation depend on?
- access to globalisation vs amount of censorship
- time of exposure to globalisation
- age balance in community
- might not be tension at all (views could be embraced like Paralympics)
- might not be westernisation! Bollywood or anime
what does cultural continuum consist of?
- progressive acceptance of new diaspora
- cautious acceptance of Diaspora with some controls
- resistance to increased cultural diversity
hybridism definition
positive view of American culture as organic as it adopts and absorbs new migrant vlues
pluralism definiton
EU nations tolerate equal rights for all migrants to practice their religious and cultural beliefs
closed door to migration example
cambodia did not allow any forms of immigration during pol pot years
how does china prevent impacts of globalisation
- has clone apps just made for china
- does not broadcast western media
- censorship of lots of different websites
basically reduce exposure to globalisation
limitations of data
- some aspects are hard to measure and be quantified regardless of how important they are - hard to compare
- different people value different aspects of life higher than others
- hard to produce stats that measure quality of life
explain why using GDP per capita as a measure of economy is unrelaible
- doesn’t show power of economy
- doesn’t show rate of economic growth
- billionaires can push value up
- maybe use the median household income instead
2.3 overall
Environmental challenges for developing world megacities because of RUM - Karachi
2.4 overall
Multiple flows of migration into hub like cities - London oligarchs
Poles in Slough
- 4x pay as in Poland
- polish already established
- polish have contributed 3x the cost
- led to council tax boost
- pressure on health, education and housing
- pupil benefits costs
2.5 overall
And as culture spreads, big changes in attitude towards disability sports - awareness for disadvantaged groups
2.6 overall
Also catastrophic erosion of indigenous culture e.g. PNG
2.7 overall
Rise of politically fractured societies, e.g. nationalist politics in Germany
3.1 overall
On whole, neoliberal globalisation has led to the rapid progress and developing of countries around the world, but there are divides within and between countries measured by Lorenz curves
Cultural diffusion impacts on both environment and people - changing diets in Asia
- spread of a western diet, through McDonald’s, KFC and other fast food
- many emerging countries reporting rise in obesity and diabetes
Gender inequality index
Combines reproductive health of women, their participation in the workforce.
