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Geog > D -> r5 - r7 > Flashcards

D -> r5 - r7 Flashcards

1
Q

progress is dependent on

A

what you want progress to like, different perspectives result in different levels of progress, think Thatchers capitalism in the 80s, vs the socialist parties

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2
Q

indicators

A
  • social - total/rate of pop. change, migration, social attitudes, crime rate, life expectancy, IMD
  • economic - employment type/rate, household income, min wage, dwelling tenure, social benefits
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3
Q

imagine in 2011-2021 we see decline in agricultural sector

A
  • in one area we look to increase agri, economy, so total number of agri jobs has stayed the same
  • although absolute change in 0
  • relative increase in rate of agri jobs
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4
Q

rural areas economic

A
  • mostly seasonal employment
  • 2nd home ownership drives house prices up
  • distance means working in far out towns which is hard financially
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5
Q

rural areas social

A
  • less access to education/ higher quality education
  • less access to healthcare due to geographical isolation
  • racial tension where ethnic minorities stand out more
  • fewer social activities or funding for the youth - could lead to delinquency
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6
Q

management of change

A
  • planning/ implementing actions that facilitate transition from 1 situation to another
    measurement:
  • requires objective perspective of what is changing - is this possible?
    progress:
  • an improvement of the social, political or economic structures that people coexist within
  • could be human action (activism, enterprise, policy\0
  • could happen naturally
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7
Q

management

A

how an authority responds to an issue and deals with it

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8
Q

IMD - index of multiple deprivation

A

IMD is a relative measure of deprivation

- tells you if an area is more deprived than another, but not by how much

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9
Q

how to measure success part 1

A
  • cultural and demographic issue might include access to health services, education standards, quality of life hate crime/ racist abuse, lack of engagement, life expectancy, ageing populations
  • improvements in these may be measured by improved incomes and levels of happiness and degree of assimilation/ participation in life of community
  • improved health could reduce inequality of life expectancy between groups
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10
Q

how to measure success part 2

A
  • improved quality of education could enable more from deprived communities to go to tertiary so they can gain jobs with higher earnings, reducing economic inequalities
  • improved levels of English for migrant ppl could increase political engagement, meaning improved % election turnout. also more representation at all levels o f gov as people feel more confident speaking for their community

eg, in Okehampton?

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11
Q

quarterly measures of GDP growth could show effect of

A

seasonal employment

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12
Q

ethnicity issues

A
  • assimilating ethnic minorities
  • respecting immigrant cultures
  • outlawing discrimination
  • conserving cultural heritage
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13
Q

population structure

A
  • anticipating future change
  • encouraging a youthful population
  • coping with an ageing population
  • raising life expectancy
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14
Q

migration

A
  • reducing native vs incomer tensions
  • stemming unwanted outlaws
  • controlling immigration
  • improving border security
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15
Q

quality of life

A
  • improving access to/ quality of housing
  • providing healthcare and education
  • reducing poverty and deprivation
  • improving living environment
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16
Q

change in rural areas - okehampton

A
  • internet connection - up from 15-90%
  • retail sales online up from 3-13%
  • unemployment slightly up
  • IMD - down 8 places
  • suicides - up by 3%
  • public sector employment halved
  • income from agriculture - 29% decline in 5 years
  • manufacturing employment fallen 20% since 2004
  • electronic goods manufacturer closed
17
Q

change overall

A
  • economy of 5 biggest cities grown by 12%
  • cities not depending on manufacturing employment
  • public sector employment risen in cities, eg Leeds/ coventry
  • all rural areas deteriorated 14 places in IMD
  • urban areas have improved IMD
  • suicides fallen 10% in urban areas
18
Q

why?

A
  • painfully slow internet
  • pub spending cuts, creating needs for private sector employment
  • high value service sector jobs more suited to urban areas
19
Q

no pub spending + lack of private sector interest =

A

spiral of decline = dereliction

20
Q

challenges:

A

rural population depends on agriculture and rural communities still earn less per head than urban
- strong need for diversification

21
Q

services

A
  • relative to urban places, rural areas are disadvantaged when it comes to social services, this is a push factor behind out migration
22
Q

environmental conservation

A

countryside faces threats, from more modern agricultural practices and aspects of tourism

23
Q

infrastructure

A
  • access to modern infrastructure is vital to ensure a high quality of life, as well as easy access to information and the outside world
  • it is the key to economic growth and encouraging in - migration
24
Q

affordable housing

A

access to a home remains difficult for many due to highly restrictive building policies, so young adults leave for more suburban and urban areas

25
Q

overall aim: protection of heritage:

A
  • most rural communities have important natural and historic heritage which is important at a national and sometimes international level
  • often provides a resource in context of tourism
26
Q

lake district national park, Cumbria

A 
low population density
lack of economic growth
lack of diversity
beautiful views and nature
difficult to access because of mountainous region
27
Q

Cornwall, st ives

A

st. ives is a town in Cornwall, England known for its turf beaches, like porthmeor, and its art scene.

28
Q

northern fells social and cultural impact

A
  • as many volunteers as possible, also tried best to keep in touch
  • lend a hand group scheme supports those that need
29
Q

northern fells governance

A
  • used project ‘initiatives fund’ to enable rapid access to funds without having the delays in applying for funds
  • mix of paid work and volunteers
  • appointment of project manager with an established professional background
30
Q

northern fells transport and connectivity

A
  • mini bus service with about 100 journeys each month

- 22 volunteer drivers available for anyone living in the 7 parishes without access to support

31
Q

northern fells services

A
  • benefits advice scheme to raise awareness of entitlements to allowances and benefits and to encourage and assist pool to claim their benefits
  • face to face entitlement/ health checks with over 75 year olds
32
Q

northern fells equity

A
  • youth development work which included courses and workshops for teens on babysitting and childcare, basic life support and first aid, cookery mechanics and recording studio techniques
33
Q

northern fells economy

A

increased people awareness to entitlements of benefits, which could increase disposable income, etc

34
Q

R5 overall

A

Management can be assessed using measured of income + employment
- absolute changes vs relative changes
- okehampton changes

35
Q

R6 overall

A

Contrasting ways which different demographic + ethnic groups view rural living space and impact of national + local strays on rural areas
- Lake District rural revival partnerships

36
Q

R7 overall

A
  • changes can be judged by PEEST variables
  • west Cornwall changes

Geog (52 decks)

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