D -> U8 - U10 Flashcards
come cultures more likely to assimilate
eg, Caribbean and African American communities that intermarry with the native population - influence of christianity as well
have attitudes changed?
- post- brexit mationalism
- some immigrant groups are poorly integrated
- some minority groups are perceived as hostile to liberal values (religious conservative)
assimilation
- 1st generation suffer in new homeland
- low paid jobs
- poor housing
- offspring more ambitious
- greater degree of mixing/ intermarriage
- attitude/ norms change
- more assimilation
OR: fear of loss of culture
suburbanisation
- most suburbs are still mostly white - but increasingly less so/ more South Asian
- better off groups don’t need to live in enclaves
- laws don’t block house moves
high property prices
- first time buyers need deposit that is 120% of income
- people have to buy where affordable - race/ ethnicity isn’t as important
love and language
- highest mixed group is between whites and black-carribean marriage
- intermarriage indirectly links to language acquisition
- language acquisition indirectly links to the level of isolation, and thereby segregation (social interaction between groups)
Eruvim, North London
- eruv - an area where Orthodox Jews can move freely on the Sabbath
- enclosed private space, but non-jews can move freely in/out
- exempt from jewish law - so people can push items outside of house, e.g. to Friday services
- enclosed space, where you can do things that you otherwise can’t do according to the Sabbath
better perception if:
- belong to a group
- lived amongst the same group
- earn more
- feel confident/ secure
jewish community
- 250k in Britain
- escaping discrimination and persecution
- gained greater confidence over time
- but aware of threats from fundamentalism/ extremism in ME, and anti-semitism in the UK
other ethnic groups
- e.g. Poles - voluntary movement
- drawn by economic opportunities
- lived experience of hard work, poor housing already
- But: host population is suspicious of motives
what about the Eruvim
- intersecting environmentally sensitive areas in London (Primrose Hill)
- questions like should London be multi faith or no faith
are there many options
there’s a shortage of inner city housing, but Jewish community is relatively wealthy, and residents want access to social activities
critical steps that result in assimilation
- influences of UK culture
- Higher economic growth - move away from communities
- growing up
- white British attitudes may change
- passing on of culture across generations
Tottenham, London
- cheap housing/ lower middle - working classes
- industrial mini-hub, e.g. small scale furniture, clothing, chemical companies
- bobbed heavily in WW2 , and post war housing blocks, associated gang crime
- highest unemployment in London - 8th in UK
- BAME majority
- riots in 1985
- riots in 2011
historic situation
- riots, linked to economic and social inequality
- Haringey has seen decline since the 1970s
what is being done?
- £28 million investment. Peacock Industrial Estate created 5000 new jobs
- new design companies (N17) taking apprentices from local schools to plan change
- 10k new homes around Tottenham Hale
where is the threat?
- loss of traditional businesses
- afro-carribean churches closing with ethnic change, but consolidation into older warehouses
- new homes/ houses out of budget
so is this just a quiet form of social cleansing?
types of conflict
o social - e.g. housing shortage or economic (lack of public funding)
o priorities - e.g. housing provision might be expensive (profits for a TNC vs costs to local residents)
o political e.g. National Government’s Prevent strategy tried to reduce risk of terrorism - but over focuses on Islam and alienates young people it is trying to engage with
o economic - local governments funding for youth centres, sport has been cut
o tourism can contribute, but it is unpredictable and low paid
locals feel threatened by
newcomers coming in, damaging community culture and pushing prices up
Saville town, Dewsbury
- large asian community
- The Dewsbury Moor, Ravensthorpe and Chickenley areas are classed among the 10% most deprived areas in the UK.
- The majority of houses in the town are in the cheapest band for council tax, for house prices are amongst the lowest in the country
Saville Town and Ravensthorpe
- particularly high concentration of Deobani muslims
- white flight has left 48/4000 white British in 2011 census
controversy from
- sharia court
- madrasa failing ofsted inspections
- home town of some rascal extremist
high
proportion of migrants coming from south asia
tension
- comes because of change in a living space
change? - new migrants disliked by established residents (who feel dislodged, squeezed out)
- the more different the groups, the greater the tension
urban or rural
- towns/cities: pre existing high numbers of in migrants creates support, safety but also tension? (e.g. Dewsbury, E of Huddersfield)
- remote rural areas (e.g. N Antrim) have ew in migrants, and communities experience little change (but in migration will be more noticeable, e.g. Evesham)
invasion/ succession or filtering:
- some areas have been directed to take migrants who are formed to relocate there, e.g. Syrians to Milton Keynes- creating high levels of tension
- in some places, white flight has occurred - the perception of tension might therefore be there, e.g. slough
wealth creation, or job competition
- wealthy migrants (e.g. Russian Oligarchs) invest in housing/ prices rise - this can cause resentment, but also trickle down, e.g. London’s 2 tier economy
- in other areas, migrant take jobs and create poverty/ deprivation/ resentment
Positive or Negative attitude
- discrimination/ racist attitudes can persisted - creating tension/ aggression e.g. Jewish Eruvim, whilst others celebrate assimilation of cultures and schools and community groups help build understanding (e.g. Aik Saath in Slough)
hair salon
once giving stern perms to Yorkshire ladies, closed down long ago along with the western grocery and clothes shops too
U8 overall - Jew
Perceptions of living spaces change of generations
- Jewish eruvim - land use change causes social tensions
U9 overall - Tottenham
Changes to land use creates challenges + opportunities for local
- Tottenham: land use change + gentrification - beef
U10 overall mus
Frequent tensions over diversity of living spaces, LT residents vs newcomers
- saville town: Deobani Muslims = white flight
