Grammar - Week 11

Question 1

Formation of present subjunctive active

Answer 1

Change the stem vowel according to the following pattern: We beat a liar

1st a → ae

2nd e → ea

3rd iou → a

4th i → ia

Question 2

Mood of purpose clauses

Answer 2

The main clause is active while the subordinate clause is subjunctive.

Question 3

Formation of imperfect subjunctive active

Answer 3

In all conjugations, add the regular final personal signs to the present infinitive

Question 4

Primary tenses

Answer 4

present, future, and future perfect

Question 5

Secondary tenses

Answer 5

Imperfect, perfect, and pluperfect

Question 6

Introduction to and tenses of purpose clauses

Answer 6

Purpose clases are introducted by ut (negative: nē). Use the present subjunctive when the main verb is primary. Use the imperfect subjunctive when the main verb is secondary.

Question 7

Agreement of relative pronouns

Answer 7

The general rule of agreement of pronouns applies to relative pronouns also.

Question 8

Agreement of pronouns

Answer 8

A pronoun agrees with the word to which it refers in gender and number; its case depends on its use in its own clause

Question 9

When a relative clause of purpose can be used and the exception when it cannot be used

Answer 9

Whenever the relative pronoun can, without changing the meaning, be made to agree with a noun or pronoun in the main clause. The exception is when the relative pronoun would have to agree with the subject of an active main verb.

Question 10

Rules for the tense of a relative clause or purpose

Answer 10

The same as for regular ut-clauses of purpose.

Question 11

Purpose clauses introduced by quō

Answer 11

Used when a purpose clause contains a comparative. They follow the same rules for tense as regular ut- clauses of purpose, and the negative is nē.

Question 12

Placement of comparitive in purpose clauses introduced by quō

Answer 12

The comparitive stands regularly immediately after the quō or nē.

Question 13

Direct questions

Answer 13

Direct questions are ordinary questions which are addressed to a person.

Question 14

Three introductions for a direct question

Answer 14

1. Interrogative adverbs
2. Interrogative particles
3. Interrogative adjectives and pronouns

Question 15

Quis vs. quī in the interrogative adjective

Answer 15

In the nominative masculine singular, quis is generally used as an adjective for which or what, quī for what sort of or what kind of.

Question 16

Formation of perfect and pluperfect subjunctive for all Latin verbs, regular and irregular

Answer 16

Add the following endings to the perfect stem:

• Perfect:* -erim, -erīs, -erit, -erīmus, -erītis, erint
• Pluperfect:* -issem, -issēs, -isset, -issēmus, -issētis, -issent

Question 17

Indirect questions

Answer 17

A question that depends on a verbof asking, saying, thinking, and the like.

Question 18

Tense and mood of indirect questions

Answer 18

The tense in indirect questions is determined by the rule: tense by sequence. The mood in idirect questions is always subjunctive.

Question 19

Indirect questions, primary sequence

Answer 19

The action of the verb in the indirect question happens at the same time as the action of the main verb = present subjunctive

The action of the verb in the indirect question happens before the action of the main verb = perfect subjunctive

Question 20

Indirect questions, secondary sequence

Answer 20

The action of the verb in the indirect question happens at the same time as the action of the main verb = imperfect subjunctive

The action of the verb in the indirect question happens before the action of the main verb = pluperfect subjunctive

Question 21

Vocative case

Answer 21

The vocative of all nouns and adjectives is always like the nominative except in singular nouns in -us of the second declension: these have -e. Proper nouns in -ius and fīlius have only -ī in the vocative singular.

Question 22

Three common exceptions to the rule for vocatives

Answer 22

Meus (masculine singular form), Deus, and Jesus, whos vocatives in the singular are mī, Deus, and Jēsū repectively.

Question 23

Position of vocatives

Answer 23

Rule of position: the vocative in Latin generally does not stand first in the sentence.

Question 24

Formation of the present imperative active, singular and plural

Answer 24

Find the present stem and add the following endings:

Conjugation__Singular__Plural

1st -ā -āte

2nd -ē -ēte

3rd -i -ite

4th -ī -īte

Question 25

Position of imperatives

Answer 25

Rule of position: the imperative more frequently stands first in the sentence.

Question 26

Rules for wishes (optative subjunctive)

Answer 26

Possible wishes are expressed by the present subjunctive with utinam. (With the 3rd person, utinam is often omitted.) Negative: nē.